scholarly journals Combining Abilities for Yield and Bulb Quality among Long- and Intermediate-day Open-pollinated Onion Populations

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Havey ◽  
William M. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Factorial Mating ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Storage Ability

A factorial mating design, using three male-sterile F1 lines in testcrosses with a sample of open-pollinated (OP) onion populations, was used to estimate combining abilities and heterosis for bulb yield, size, storage ability, pungency, soluble solids content (SSC), and water loss after 3 months in storage. Samples of testcross bulbs were flowered and scored for fertility to estimate frequencies of the nuclear allele maintaining cytoplasmic male sterility. General combining ability (GCA) estimates for OP populations (males) were significant (P < 0.05) for yield, SSC, and proportion of bulbs with diameters >7.5 cm. GCA estimates for female testers were significant for storage ability and proportion of bulbs with diameters <5.0 cm. Male × female interactions (specific combining ability estimates) were significant for SSC and storage ability. Our analyses did not reveal any storage population from which inbreds would likely yield significantly better with the male-sterile tester lines. Spanish OP populations tended to produce testcrosses with larger bulbs, lower pungency and SSC, and poorer storage ability. Heterosis estimates were most often significant for yield and SSC; less often for pungency, storage ability, and bulb size; and not significant for water loss in storage. Overall, significant GCA estimates indicate that superior onion inbreds and populations may be developed using recurrent-selection strategies that increase the frequency of desirable alleles with additive effects.

scholarly journals Intrapopulation recurrent selection by mixed models in papaya of the formosa group

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ola Moreira ◽  
Karin Tesch Kuhlcamp ◽  
Fabíola Lacerda de Souza Barros ◽  
Moises Zucoloto ◽  
Alyce Carla Rodrigues Moitinho
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Few cultivars of papaya from the Formosa group are available to producers, and the development of new genotypes is indispensable. Thus, the use of effective selection strategies to obtain more productive cultivars and better quality fruits is also necessary. The aim of this study was to select of half-sib families (HSF) of papaya using the methodology of mixed models. Nineteen HSFs from the Incaper’s papaya breeding program were evaluated in a randomized block design with five replicates and nine plants per plot. The selection was made based on fruit mass (FM), pulp thickness (PT), soluble solids content in pulp (SS) and number of fruits (NF). The genetic parameters and genotypic values were estimated by the REML/BLUP procedure. The selected HSFs increased FM by 26.1%; the PT in 10.5%; the SS in 7.5% and; the NF in 13.0%. The additive heritability within the progenies and the individual variation coefficient obtained indicate that the selection between and within the HSFs can provide greater genetic gains. The selection based on the REML/BLUP methodology was efficient to obtain simultaneous genetic gains for all variables under study despite the negative correlation between them.

scholarly journals Heterosis in sweet sorghum

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Maria Romeiro Lombardi ◽  
Patricia Cardoso Andrade Navegantes ◽  
Carlos Henrique Pereira ◽  
Jales Mendes Oliveira Fonseca ◽  
Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Fertility Restorer ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Partial Diallel

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential per se of male-sterile and fertility-restorer lines of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), as well as to detail the heterosis manifested for some traits directly or indirectly related to ethanol production, accumulation rate, and predictability. Evaluations were performed for 20 genotypes, of which 4 are fertility-restorer lines (R), 3 are male-sterile lines (A), and 12 are experimental hybrids (H) resulting from the partial diallel cross between lines A and R, besides a commercial hybrid CV198 used as a check, in four harvest seasons. The experiments were carried out in the municipalities of Lavras and Sete Lagoas, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The measured traits were plant height, green mass production, juice extraction, total soluble solids content, and megagrams of Brix per hectare. The male-sterile A1 and the fertility-restorer R1 and R3 lines show the best potential per se, considering all traits and their accumulation rate and predictability over harvest times. Heterosis is significant for all traits. The H11, H13, H14, H21, H22, and H33 hybrids are promising because of their better performance per se and higher heterosis.

Effect of pre-harvest applications of an antitranspirant and vegetable oil on cracking and size of cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. Van fruit

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Granger ◽  
D. R. C. Traeger
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Solids Content

A 1% solution of antitranspirant and a 0.3% solution of vegetable oil were applied to cherry trees before rainfall during the 3 weeks preceding harvest to evaluate their efficacy in reducing fruit damaged by cracking in field experiments in South Australia from 1993 to 1998. Between 2 and 14% of fruit were cracked on untreated trees during this period. From 6 to 10% less cracked fruit were found in 2 of the 5 seasons following the application of antitranspirant and oil sprays. In the other 3 seasons, levels of cracked fruit were not significantly different between treatments. In the 2 driest seasons, treatment with oil or antitranspirant resulted in larger fruit than on untreated trees, and as in previous studies this was thought to be a result of reduced water loss. In 4 years, total soluble solids content of fruit were similar in all treatments, but in 1996–97 controls had significantly higher sugar levels than the treated fruit. This being the driest year during the study, it is thought that greater water loss occurred on controls leading to a higher concentration of total soluble sugars. Material costs of oil at A$96/ha per application is less, compared with antitranspirant that cost $4000/ha per application.

scholarly journals Combining ability, floral biology, and seed producibility of promising cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) lines for hybrid rice development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoriano V. Casco ◽  
Rosemarie T. Tapic ◽  
Jerwin R. Undan ◽  
Anna Ma. Lourdes S. Latonio ◽  
Roel R. Suralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Parental Lines

Abstract Background A combining ability analysis is a useful tool of plant breeders in screening and identifying promising parental lines with high potential for developing competitive rice hybrids. Also, one important factor that strongly determines the suitability of commercial utilization of hybrid rice parental lines is their extent of seed producibility. Methods In this study, the combining ability, floral biology and seed producibility of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines were investigated to identify good combiners with good seed production potential. The Line × Tester analysis was used to determine the general combining abilities (GCA) of hybrid rice parental lines, and Specific Combining Abilities (SCA) of the different hybrid combinations. A correlation analysis was also done to determine floral traits that influence the outcrossing rate of the CMS lines. There were 4 CMS lines, 6 restorer lines, 24 hybrid combinations and 1 check variety in a randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with 3 replicates. Results Results indicated that CMS lines IR79128B and IR102758B were good combiners and the most promising restorer lines were D2031-7-1-2R, Hanareumbyeo 2, and XTR036-54-10R. Based on specific combining ability test, the most promising combination was entry 10 (IR58025A/D2013-7-1-2R). It has the highest yield of 7496 kg ha−1, a high positive SCA score of 570.54, and highest standard heterosis of 12.9%. Based on floral traits, IR79128B was the most promising with a high positive GCA score of 186.93, panicle exertion rate of 74.8%, and a high outcrossing rate of 51%. There was a significant positive association between outcrossing rate, duration of floral opening, panicle exertion rate, and general combining ability. Conclusion The floral traits found to be significantly associated with outcrossing rate are useful selection criteria not only for identifying economically usable CMS lines but also for developing new and promising parental lines and hybrids. These CMS lines do not only give heterotic combinations but are also commercially producible, the two most important factors to the success of any hybrid rice breeding program.

scholarly journals Investigation of Doubled Haploid Performance and Combining Ability in Short-day Onion

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 990B-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan L. Walker ◽  
Sunggil Kim ◽  
Javier F. Betran ◽  
Kilsun Yoo ◽  
Leonard M. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Dh Lines

Onions suffer from severe inbreeding depression, which has inhibited the development of homozygous inbred lines in breeding programs. The creation of doubled haploid (DH) lines in onion provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the utility of such lines as parents in a breeding program. For this purpose, two diallele cross experiments were conducted. The first consisted of a six-parent diallele cross using six DH lines developed at Texas A&M University. The second, a four-parent diallele cross performed with two DH lines and two inbred lines from the breeding program. Bulbs from the various crosses were evaluated for diameter, height, centers/bulb, ring thickness, number of rings/bulb, bulb weight, soluble solids content, and pungency. For some traits, general combining ability (GCA) effects explained most of the variation. However, for other traits, specific combining ability (SCA) effects predominated. For all traits, GCA and SCA were always larger than the reciprocal effects (divided into maternal and nonmaternal components). The GCA and SCA effects show an inverse correlation between the number of centers/bulb and ring thickness.

Combining ability assessment of agronomic characteristics of 8 inbred sweet corn lines

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Good Productivity

This study was conducted to evaluate 28 sweet corn hybrid combinations to determine the combination ability of 8 lines of sweet corn inbred (K60, R111, N1, N4, N5, N7, N8 and N12) of a S8generation. The results showed that the yield of hybrid combinations was in a range of 14.2 to 23.7 tons/ha. Especially, the hybrid combination THL9 had a yield of 23.7 tons/ha, reached the soluble solids content of 13.9%. Meanwhile, the yield of the hybrid combination THL14 reached 21.4 tons/ha and its soluble solids content reached 13.6%. This result was higher than Golden Cob which was the control variable in this study, and had a yield of 17.4 tons/ha and a soluble solids content of 12.2%.Evaluating the combining ability of the yield and total soluble solids content of 8 lines of sweet corn showed that the N4 lines had a higher combining ability than the other lines in terms of fresh corn yield and total soluble solids content. R111 line and N4 line could combine good productivity (ˆSij: 2,433∗) and total soluble solids content (ˆSij reached 0.963∗)

scholarly journals Evaluation of combining ability in white corn for special use as corn grits

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Lucas Souto Bignotto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Lucas Rafael de Souza Camacho ◽  
Mauricio Carlos Kuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Genetic Potential

Abstract To assess the genetic potential of white corn for corn grits, 28 hybrids resulting from diallel crosses of eight parents, including parents and S1 generations, were evaluated. The combining abilities and levels of heterosis and inbreeding depression were estimated. The parents used were the main white maize hybrids of the Brazilian germplasm. The combinations HT 9332 x HT 392, IAC Nelore x HT 9332, IAC Nelore x HT 932, and IPR 119 x IAC Nelore are promising for reciprocal recurrent selection programs targeting higher grain yield. Hybrid IPR 127 was indicated as a source of industrial lines with favorable traits for dry-rolled corn production. Hybrid IAC Nelore had the lowest estimate of inbreeding depression and was recommended for the breeding of lines and participation in higher-yielding hybrids and composites.

scholarly journals Agronomic evaluation and combining ability of tomato inbred lines selected for the industrial segment

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex ST Figueiredo ◽  
Juliano TV Resende ◽  
Marcos V Faria ◽  
Juliana T Paula ◽  
Diego A Rizzardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Solids Content

ABSTRACT: This study carried out agronomic evaluation and estimated the combining ability of tomato lines for the industrial segment, aiming to elect promising genotypes for breeding and to find simple hybrids with superior traits. Randomized-blocks design was used with 57 treatments (45 experimental hybrids, 10 lines and 2 checks treatments) with 3 replications. A complete diallel among 10 tomato lines for processing was used. Evaluated traits were: fruit total (YT) and commercial production (YC), pulp yield (YP), fruit average mass (MM) and total soluble solids content (TSS). Diallel crosses allowed synthesizing experimental hybrids with superior traits when compared to commercial hybrids. Non-additive effects prevailed over the expression of YT, YC, YP and TSS, whereas additive effects prevailed for MM. Lines RVT-08, RVT-05 and RVT-10 are most appropriate for intrapopulational breeding. Experimental hybrids RVT-08 x RVT-09, RVT-07 x RVT-10 and RVT-08 x RVT-10 were pointed as the experimental genotypes with the best performance, surpassing the commercial genotypes for the traits evaluated.

Use of single cross hybrids to measure heterosis for yield in diverse lucerne genotypes growing in a subtropical environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. G. Irwin ◽  
P. M. Pepper ◽  
D. Armour ◽  
J. M. Mackie ◽  
K. F. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Subtropical Environment

Yield stagnation is a worldwide issue for lucerne breeding, and reasons for the yield plateau include emphasis on disease and pest resistance and not yield per se, and the broad-based synthetic approach to lucerne breeding which is generally used. In this study, an incomplete diallel was made between 50 lucerne clones with representatives from the 3 hypothetical heterotic groups, Medicago sativa subsp. falcata, dormant subsp. sativa, and non-dormant subsp. sativa. Male sterile clones were also included among the dormant group. The single crosses were compared in a subtropical environment at Gatton, Queensland, for yield and other relevant agronomic traits against the adapted synthetics Sequel (dormancy group 9), UQL-1 (group 7), and a highly non-dormant experimental synthetic (line B) derived by introgression of highly non-dormant Arabian germplasm into Sequel. The trial was conducted in a known low-disease-pressure site for Phytophthora root rot, and anthracnose was managed by regular application of prophylactic treatments. The best single cross outyielded Sequel and line B by 13% and 8%, respectively. In this environment, yield was very much influenced by the dormancy group of the test material, with group 9 material significantly outyielding more dormant material. General combining ability (GCA) effects were more important determinants of cumulative yields than specific combining ability (SCA) effects, with these effects being significantly greater than zero for only 4 of the 236 crosses tested over the 15-month period. Similarly, GCA effects were more important for determining autumn height and persistence. The research did identify a small number of clones with good GCA for yield per se, and it would appear that future work should focus on developing more narrow-based synthetics with 4–8 parents which have been selected on the basis of their GCA for yield per se. DNA markers would appear to have a role in selecting clones carrying multiple resistances, and in establishing marker pedigrees for high-yielding parental clones such as we have identified, which can be traced through subsequent generations of recurrent selection in cultivar improvement.

scholarly journals Prospecting of tomato hybrids for table and industry via mixed modeling and multivariate analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio T Amaral Júnior ◽  
António JP Graça ◽  
Marcelo Vivas ◽  
Alexandre P Viana ◽  
Rosana Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Genetic Value

ABSTRACT Dual-purpose tomato breeding, for table and industry, has great importance for tomato production and strong impact on Brazilian socioeconomic development. In the present study, we used the methodology of mixed models to estimate the combinatorial ability of five tomato lines evaluated in complete diallel scheme without reciprocal, and cluster analysis to prospect new double and triple hybrids constitutions. Thus, we observed that positive values of general combining ability occur in ‘B13LD’, ‘Viradoro’ and ‘Rio Grande’ (for fruit firmness), ‘B13LD’, ‘Castone’ and ‘Massag-72’ (for soluble solids content); and ‘Viradoro’ and ‘Rio Grande’ (for productivity). The crosses ‘B13LD x Rio Grande’ and ‘Massag-72 x Viradoro’ showed positive estimates of specific combination ability for soluble solids content, fruit firmness and productivity. The hybrid ‘B13LD x Rio Grande’ showed itself promising to be among those with the highest estimates of the genetic value of the cross for the three aforementioned traits. For the analysis of genetic divergence and estimate of combining ability it was possible to indicate two double and three triple hybrids.

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