scholarly journals Heterosis in sweet sorghum

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Maria Romeiro Lombardi ◽  
Patricia Cardoso Andrade Navegantes ◽  
Carlos Henrique Pereira ◽  
Jales Mendes Oliveira Fonseca ◽  
Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Fertility Restorer ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Partial Diallel

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential per se of male-sterile and fertility-restorer lines of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), as well as to detail the heterosis manifested for some traits directly or indirectly related to ethanol production, accumulation rate, and predictability. Evaluations were performed for 20 genotypes, of which 4 are fertility-restorer lines (R), 3 are male-sterile lines (A), and 12 are experimental hybrids (H) resulting from the partial diallel cross between lines A and R, besides a commercial hybrid CV198 used as a check, in four harvest seasons. The experiments were carried out in the municipalities of Lavras and Sete Lagoas, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The measured traits were plant height, green mass production, juice extraction, total soluble solids content, and megagrams of Brix per hectare. The male-sterile A1 and the fertility-restorer R1 and R3 lines show the best potential per se, considering all traits and their accumulation rate and predictability over harvest times. Heterosis is significant for all traits. The H11, H13, H14, H21, H22, and H33 hybrids are promising because of their better performance per se and higher heterosis.

scholarly journals Resistance of bioenergy sorghum to Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio Gabryel Araújo ◽  
Simone Martins Mendes ◽  
Michelle Vilella ◽  
Luis Cláudio Paterno Silveira ◽  
Maria Lucia Ferreira Simeone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Solids Content

This study evaluated the effects of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cultivars of sweet and biomass sorghum for the selection of resistant cultivars. The present work consisted of two trials, with natural pest infestation. In the first one, 10 sweet sorghum cultivars were analyzed for the following variables: plant height, number of healthy and damaged internodes, gallery position and size, stem infestation level and soluble solids content (°Brix). In the second trial, it was analyzed 16 genotypes of high biomass sorghum, with the same variables above mentioned, in addition to the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents. Among sweet sorghum genotypes evaluated, the genotype CMSXS647 stood out due to the traits: plant height, infestation level, gallery size and soluble solids content. Among the sorghum genotypes evaluated, CMSXS7030, CMSXS7012 and CMSXS7028 presented ideal characteristics for infestation level, plant height and number of lignocellulosic compounds. Such information, in addition to supporting the bioenergy sorghum breeding program, will assist in integrated pest management for sorghum cultivation.

scholarly journals Combining Abilities for Yield and Bulb Quality among Long- and Intermediate-day Open-pollinated Onion Populations

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Havey ◽  
William M. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Factorial Mating ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Storage Ability

A factorial mating design, using three male-sterile F1 lines in testcrosses with a sample of open-pollinated (OP) onion populations, was used to estimate combining abilities and heterosis for bulb yield, size, storage ability, pungency, soluble solids content (SSC), and water loss after 3 months in storage. Samples of testcross bulbs were flowered and scored for fertility to estimate frequencies of the nuclear allele maintaining cytoplasmic male sterility. General combining ability (GCA) estimates for OP populations (males) were significant (P < 0.05) for yield, SSC, and proportion of bulbs with diameters >7.5 cm. GCA estimates for female testers were significant for storage ability and proportion of bulbs with diameters <5.0 cm. Male × female interactions (specific combining ability estimates) were significant for SSC and storage ability. Our analyses did not reveal any storage population from which inbreds would likely yield significantly better with the male-sterile tester lines. Spanish OP populations tended to produce testcrosses with larger bulbs, lower pungency and SSC, and poorer storage ability. Heterosis estimates were most often significant for yield and SSC; less often for pungency, storage ability, and bulb size; and not significant for water loss in storage. Overall, significant GCA estimates indicate that superior onion inbreds and populations may be developed using recurrent-selection strategies that increase the frequency of desirable alleles with additive effects.

scholarly journals Physiology and Prediction of Fruit Tolerance to Low-oxygen Atmospheres

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dangyang Ke ◽  
Leonor Rodriguez-Sinobas ◽  
Adel A. Kader
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Rate Retardation ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Solids Content

Fruits of `Granny Smith' and `Yellow Newtown' apples (Malus domestica Borkh), `20th Century' pear (Pyrus serotina L.), and `Angeleno' plum (Prunus domestica L.) were kept in air and in 0.25% or 0.02% O2 at 0, 5, or 10C for 3, 7, 14, 25, or 35 days to study the effects of low-O2 atmospheres on their postharvest physiology and quality attributes. Soluble solids content (SSC), pH, and external appearance were not significantly influenced, but resistance to CO2 diffusion was increased by the low-O2 treatments. Exposures to the low-O2 atmospheres inhibited ripening, including reduction in ethylene production rate, retardation of skin color changes and flesh softening, and maintenance of titratable acidity. The most important detrimental effect of the low-O2 treatments was development of an alcoholic off-flavor that had a logarithmic relation with ethanol content of the fruits. The ethanol content causing slight off-flavor (Eo) increased with SSC of the commodity at the ripe stage, and it could be estimated using the following formula: (Log Eo)/SSC = 0.228. Using SSC of ripe fruits and average ethanol accumulation rate per day (VE) from each low-O2 treatment, the tolerance limit (Tl) of fruits to low-O2 atmospheres could be predicted as follows: Tl = Eo/VE = (100.228SSC)/VE.

scholarly journals Phenotypic stability and adaptability of sweet sorghum genotypes evaluated in different Brazilian regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ruane Alice Silva ◽  
Michele Jorge Silva ◽  
Pedro César Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Nádia Nardely Lacerda Durães Parrella ◽  
Robert Eugene Schaffert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Solids Content

Sweet sorghum is a special purpose sorghum with a sugar-rich stalk, almost like sugarcane. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenotypic stability and adaptability of sweet sorghum genotypes, in different Brazilian regions, for the production of bioethanol. Twenty-five sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated in 10 environments distributed in the Southeast, Midwest, Northeast, and Southern regions of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. The following agroindustrial traits were evaluated: fresh biomass yield (FBY), total soluble solids content (TSS) and tons of Brix per hectare (TBH). The adaptability and stability analyzes were performed with the methods GGEbiplot and Annicchiarico methodologies. The Annicchiarico and GGEbiplot adaptability and stability study methods presented satisfactory and consistent results and can be used separately or together in sweet sorghum breeding programs, and B005 and B008 sweet sorghum genotypes presented superior performance, with similar classification in both methods studied.

scholarly journals Scab Resistant Apple Cultivars for Juice Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mieszczakowska-Frąc ◽  
Witold Płocharski ◽  
Dorota Kruczyńska ◽  
Jarosław Markowski
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was a selection of scab resistant apple cultivars suitable for juice production. Special attention was paid to cloudy juices. During three successive seasons, apple cultivars were processed into juices using laboratory method of juice extraction. Considering the possibility of both clear and cloudy juice production, apples were pressed with and without mash enzymation. The parameters investigated were: pressing yield, titratable acidity, soluble solids, juice density, and juices’ sensory characteristics. Average values indicate that all the cultivars fulfilled the requirements of the Code of Practice of the European Fruit Juice Association concerning investigated chemical components, however, in single years, there were some deviations that should be taken into consideration offering single cultivar juices. Considering a low yield of juice without mash enzymation (below 70%), cultivars ‘Renora’ and ‘Retina’ are not recommended for cloudy juice production. Sensory quality of juices, irrespectively if cloudy or clear, depended mostly on taste acceptability and in fact on soluble solids to acidity ratio. Juices with the ratio above 17 were usually scored higher concerning the taste than those with lower values. An example of exception was ‘Free Redstar’ which is highly astringent. Considering the efficiency of pressing and soluble solids content several investigated cultivars were highly suitable for concentrated apple juice production. Especially valuable may be considered ‘Regine’, ‘Rebella’, ‘Sawa’, and ‘Topaz’ and can be recommended for planting in industrial orchards, which became of special interest in recent years.

scholarly journals QTL mapping for bioenergy traits in sweet sorghum recombinant inbred lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vander Fillipe de Souza ◽  
Guilherme da Silva Pereira ◽  
Maria Marta Pastina ◽  
Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella ◽  
Maria Lúcia Ferreira Simeone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Juice Extraction

Abstract During the past decade, sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench L.) has shown great potential for bioenergy production, especially biofuels. In this study, 223 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between two sweet sorghum lines (Brandes × Wray) were evaluated in three trials. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from genotyping by sequencing of 272 RILs were used to build a high-density genetic map comprising 3,767 SNPs spanning 1,368.83 cM. Multitrait multiple interval mapping (MT-MIM) was carried out to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for eight bioenergy traits. A total of 33 QTLs were identified for flowering time, plant height, total soluble solids and sucrose (five QTLs each), fibers (four QTLs), and fresh biomass yield, juice extraction yield, and reducing sugars (three QTLs each). QTL hotspots were found on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 9, and 10, in addition to other QTLs detected on chromosomes 4 and 8. We observed that 14 out of the 33 mapped QTLs were found in all three trials. Upon further development and validation in other crosses, the results provided by the present study have a great potential to be used in marker-assisted selection in sorghum breeding programs for biofuel production.

COMBINING ABILITY FOR INHERITANCE OF ECONOMIC TRAITS IN OPIUM POPPY (Papaver somniferum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
B. Kumar ◽  
N. K. Patra
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important medicinal plant produces more than 80 alkaloids obtained from the capsules and straw of the plant. The estimate of combining ability gives an indication of the genetic behaviour of the parental material. It is therefore, desirable to select the parents for hybridization on the basis of their per se performance and combining ability effects. The F1, F2 and their reciprocals of an eight parent diallel cross in opium poppy were studied for combining ability of seven economic traits. The mean sum of squares due to GCA, SCA and reciprocals were significant for all the traits. The magnitude of GCA variances were invariably higher than those of SCA and thus indicating the preponderance of non-additive genetic variances, which was further affirmed by the measure of average degree of dominance i.e. ?(?2s/? 2g).  Among the parents VN35I for plant height, Sanchita and VG26 for capsules per plant, VN23, VN35I and Vivek for capsule index, VG26 and Sanchita for seed and straw yield per plant, and VN35I and VG20 for morphine content were found good general combiners. Earliness being a desired trait, parent VG20 having significant negative GCA estimates coupled with per se performance can be considered as good general combiner for early flowering. Inclusion of good general combiners in a multiple crossing program or an inter-mating population involving all possible crosses among them subjected to bi-parental mating may be expected to offer maximum promise in breeding for economic traits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i2.17000

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Term

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gajewski ◽  
Zenon Węglarz ◽  
Anna Sereda ◽  
Marta Bajer ◽  
Agnieszka Kuczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Nitrates Content

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest TermIn 2007-2008 the effect of nitrogen fertilization and harvest term on quality of two carrot cultivars was investigated. The field experiment was carried out in Żelazna Experimental Station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Karotan F1and Trafford F1cultivars, commonly grown for juice industry, were the objects of the experiment. Carrot seeds were sown at the beginning of May. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in five rates, ranged from 0 to 120 kg·ha-1and in two terms — before sowing and in the middle of growing season. Roots were harvested in three terms: mid-September, mid-October and the first decade of November. After harvest there were determined: nitrates (NO3) content in carrot roots and juice, soluble solids, colour parameters of juice in CIE L*a*b*system. The dose and the term of nitrogen fertilization influenced nitrates content in carrots, and the highest NO3concentration was found in carrots fertilized with 120 kg·ha-1of N before sowing. Karotan showed higher nitrates accumulation than Trafford. The content of nitrates in the roots was markedly higher than in carrot juice. Nitrates content in carrots decreased with delaying of harvest time, in opposite to soluble solids content. Soluble solids content and colour parameters of carrot juice were not affected by nitrogen fertilization, but the lowest L*, a*and b*values were observed at the last term of harvest.

Hydrothermic Treatment Effects on Some Ripening Changes on Mango Fruits (Mangifera indica L) `Crillo de Bocado' during Storage: II. Chemical Parameters

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 520e-520
Author(s):  
Juan E Manzano ◽  
Oswaldo Valor
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Green Stage

Mango fruits `Criollo de Bocado' harvested at the mature-green stage were treated with a hydrothermic treatment of 55 °C for 3 min and stored for 20 days at temperatures of 10 ± 2, 15 ± 2 and 28 ± 2 °C. A randomized design 2 × 3 × 4 with three replications was used. Some chemical parameters were analyzed, such as total soluble solids content (% TSS), pH, tritatable acidity, and TSS/tritatable acidity ratio. TSS content increased with storage time at low temperature. The pH increased measurably with storage temperature, while tritatable acidity values results had inconsistent data.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical aspects of grape juices produced in the region of Campanha Gaucha, RS, Brazil (Southern Brazil)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
V.B. Costa ◽  
S.B. de Andrade ◽  
P.L.P.K. Lemos ◽  
A. Bender ◽  
C. Goulart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Juice ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Volatile Acidity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Grape Juices

The Campanha Gaucha region, southern Brazil, has received significant investments in Viticulture during the last decades, especially for the production of quality wines. However, implementing the production of American and hybrid grapes in this region constitutes and opportunity to supply the increasing demand of the grape juice market in Brazil. Juices of two varieties, “Bordô” and “Concord”, from two locations, Dom Pedrito and Santana do Livramento, were analysed in terms of the following physico-chemical aspects: total city, volatile acidity, density, pH, soluble solids content, color intensity, and hue. “Bordô” juices presented higher total acidity and did not differ in relation to location. Higher volatile acidity was found in “Concord” juice from Santana do Livramento. Higher pH was found in the variety “Concord” and in the location Dom Pedrito. For this same location, the “Concord” grape juices showed higher soluble solids values. Color intensity was higher in Santana do Livramento. Color hue was higher in Dom Pedrito. Both variety and location impacted significantly on physico-chemical aspects of grape juices, although all the grapes were produced within the Campanha Gaucha region.

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