scholarly journals Effects of Rooting Volume Restriction on the Growth and Carbohydrate Concentration in Tomato Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishizawa ◽  
Kenji Saito
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill `Ougata-fukuju' and `Korokoro') were grown in a soil or a hydroponic culture to study effects of rooting volume restriction on plant growth and carbohydrate concentrations. In soil culture, leaf lengths decreased linearly as container volume decreased, while plant height did not decrease linearly, irrespective of fruiting. The root to shoot ratio decreased in smaller volume containers, irrespective of fruiting, because dry mass accumulation in the stem and leaves was relatively less inhibited than that in the roots. Total plant dry mass did not differ between fruiting and deblossomed plants, irrespective of container volume. In hydroponic culture, plant height in small containers (37 cm3) was similar to that in large containers (2024 or 4818 cm3). The root to shoot ratio of the plants grown in small containers was lower than that of the plants grown in large containers, mainly due to less inhibition of the dry mass accumulation in the stem than in the leaves. When small containers were almost filled with roots (28 days after transplanting), soluble sugar and starch concentrations in leaves became ≈2-fold higher in the plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. At the end of experiment (42 days after transplanting), sucrose and starch concentrations in the stem were higher in plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. However, soluble sugar and starch concentrations in the leaves did not differ between treatments.

scholarly journals Direct effects of soybean seed vigor on weed competition

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Altomani Neves Dias ◽  
Tais Leite Ferreira Pinto ◽  
Vitor Henrique Vaz Mondo ◽  
Silvio Moure Cicero ◽  
Leticia Gomes Pedrini
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Seed vigor is one of the factors that determines the speed and uniformity of seedling emergence and initial plant growth, which are crucial aspects in the competition against weeds. The objective of this study was to verify the direct effects of soybean seed vigor on weed competition and grain yield. A field experiment was conducted with three seed lots of the "Conquista" cultivar, previously characterized by physiological tests as having high, intermediate and low vigor. The experiment was divided into weeded and unweeded plots with six treatments. Crop plant height, weed dry mass accumulation and crop grain yield data were recorded. Seed vigor did not affect plant height and grain yield. Plants which developed from seeds with high and intermediate vigor showed the best results for competition against weeds, reducing weed dry mass accumulation. Plants which developed from high vigor seeds give the best results for grain yield for both weeded and unweeded treatments.

scholarly journals Water Deficit and Recovery-Induced Changes in Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Two Tartary Buckwheat Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 483-491
Author(s):  
Yan Wan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Stem Node ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an important food crop that is widely adaptable to hostile environments. In this study the responses of two Tartary buckwheat genotypes: drought-susceptible Chuanqiao No. 1 (CQ) and drought-tolerant Jingqiao No. 2 (JQ) in terms of morphology, photosynthesis, physiology and yield to a progressive water deficit and recovery treatment (WD-R) were evaluated. Plants in the well-watered (WW) treatment were watered throughout the experiment. Compared to the WW treatment, water deficit in the WD-R treatment caused decreases in plant height, stem diameter, branch number, stem node number, biomass, seed number, soil water content (SWC), leaf relative water content (RWC), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and Fv/Fm in both CQ and JQ plants. Leaf wilting, malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, initial fluorescence (F0) and root-to-shoot ratio were significantly increased under water stress in the WD-R treatment. Under the WD-R treatment, compared to CQ, JQ maintained higher RWC, SWC, Pn, Gs, WUE, Fv/Fm, plant height, branch number, stem node number, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass, total biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, seed number per plant, and yield, but a lower Tr and F0. By correlation analysis, Gs was positively correlated with leaf RWC and SWC. These differential growth indexes, biochemical traits and physiological responses might be useful for understanding drought-tolerance genotypes that can grow under water-deficit conditions with minimum yield loss. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Foliar Sprays of Citric Acid and Malic Acid Modify Growth, Flowering, and Root to Shoot Ratio ofGazania(Gazania rigensL.): A Comparative Analysis by ANOVA and Structural Equations Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Talebi ◽  
Ebrahim Hadavi ◽  
Nima Jaafari
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Structural Equations Modeling ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

Foliar application of two levels of citric acid and malic acid (100 or 300 mg L−1) was investigated on flower stem height, plant height, flower performance and yield indices (fresh yield, dry yield and root to shoot ratio) ofGazania. Distilled water was applied as control treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that while the experimental treatments had no significant effect on fresh weight and the flower count, the plant dry weight was significantly increased by 300 mg L−1malic acid. Citric acid at 100 and 300 mg L−1and 300 mg L−1malic acid increased the root fresh weight significantly. Both the plant height and peduncle length were significantly increased in all applied levels of citric acid and malic acid. The display time of flowers on the plant increased in all treatments compared to control treatment. The root to shoot ratio was increased significantly in 300 mg L−1citric acid compared to all other treatments. These findings confirm earlier reports that citric acid and malic acid as environmentally sound chemicals are effective on various aspects of growth and development of crops. Structural equations modeling is used in parallel to ANOVA to conclude the factor effects and the possible path of effects.

Physiological and morphological differences between somatic, in vitro germinated, and normal seedlings of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mama Nsangou ◽  
Michael Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Normal Seed ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Morphological Differences

Growth and foliar characteristics of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings produced from somatic embryos (SS) from cell lines representing three genotypes, zygotic embryos (ZS) germinated in vitro, and normal seed (NS) germinated in a greenhouse were compared after 8 months of growth in the greenhouse. NS and SS were similar in terms of height, diameter, root to shoot ratio, and total plant dry mass, but ZS grew significantly more. The root to shoot ratio of ZS was only one half that of SS and NS. Foliar characteristics such as needle dry mass and specific leaf area were also similar between SS and NS and appeared to be distinctly juvenile, but were the most juvenile in ZS. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and total chlorophyll content were lowest in the ZS, even though they grew the most. After 2 years of growth in pots outdoors, the stem diameter of ZS was still significantly greater than that of SS or NS, although height growth was no longer significantly different. There was no evidence that SS showed signs of accelerated maturation. The possibility that the unexpectedly greater growth of ZS is due to environmental variation during seed set and early germination that affects subsequent seedling growth and development is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of growth retardants on the growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Flirt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfana Amin Qureshi ◽  
Shabana Gulzar ◽  
Abdul Rashid Dar ◽  
Reyaz Ur Rehman ◽  
Inayatullah Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Whole Plants

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of graded concentrations of foliar applied growth retardants (cycocel and B-nine) on the growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Flirt. Uniform rooted cuttings raised in pot soil culture received spray applications of growth retardants viz., cycocel and B-nine prepared in 0.1% Tween 80. Cycocel was applied at 1000, 2500 and 5000 mgL-1, whereas B-nine was applied at 100, 250 and 500 mgL-1 concentrations. Plants were sprayed at 2 and 6 weeks after transplantation. Visual observations, plant height, fresh mass, dry mass, number of laterals, number of inflorescences and inflorescence diameter were recorded at periodic intervals. Cycocel treated plants recorded a significant increase in fresh and dry mass of whole plants, leaves and roots, whereas B-nine treated plants were comparable with the controls. Cycocel and B-nine treated plants showed early emergence of buds and inflorescences, whereas no significant effect was recorded on number of laterals. Cycocel application resulted in the increase in inflorescence number. The present results suggest that the treatment effect may be cultivar dependant as many other cultivars of chrysanthemums have been chemically tailored with desired effects using cycocel and B-nine.

scholarly journals Salinidade da água e ácido salicílico no crescimento de plantas de tomate

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e41210716630
Author(s):  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The tomato is one of the most important vegetables in Brazilian market. The production of this vegetable can be limited by the excess of salts in the water used for irrigation. The use of phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), is used to minimize the negative effects of excess salts on plants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the attenuating effect of salicylic acid on tomato plants growth irrigated with saline water. The experimental design was the randomized blocks in an incomplete factorial scheme 5 (SA doses: 0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71 and 2.0 mM) x 5 (electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw: 0.5, 1.3, 3.25, 5.2 and 6 dS m-1), combined according to the experimental matrix Central Compound of Box, with four replicates and two plants per experimental plot. Growth evaluations were performed 45 days after the beginning of irrigation with saline water. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, absolute and relative growth rate for plant height, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson's quality index, leaf area, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight were evaluated. The tomato plants growth was reduced by the increase in ECw. Salicylic acid, applied exogenously up to 2.0 mM, did not promote attenuating effect of salinity on tomato plants.

scholarly journals Wpływ zwiększonej zawartości dtuutlenku węgla w powietrzu na młode rośliny pomidorów uprawianych różnymi metodami [Effect of increased CO2 level in atmosphere on young tomato plants under various culture conditions]

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Z. Gumińska ◽  
M. Osmelak
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Co2 Level

An experiment was performed in order to establish whether an increase of CO<sub>2</sub> content in the atmosphere is advantageous to plants grown in hydroponic culture. Tomato plants were grown in hydroponic, water and soil cultures in two chambers with different CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. After 16 days of experiment the tenfold concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> increased the dry mass of plants by 73 - 93% in all the cultures.

scholarly journals POTASSIUM NUTRITION OF CABBAGE SEEDLINGS IN PINE BARK SUBSTRATES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074d-1074
Author(s):  
Graham J. Wright ◽  
Irwin E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Tissue Contents

Composted pine bark is one of the most important substrates used in the seedling industry today. Previous work suggested the availability of inherent Potassium (K) in the bark. This research confirmed the availability of K and indicated that little or no K is needed for seedling production when pine bark is used as a substrate. Pre-enrichment rates ranged from 0 to 460 g.K.m-3, with a supplemental solution application of 0 to 200 mg.K.l-1. No evidence of K deficiencies or toxicities were detected. Three K sources, KCl, KNO3, and K2SO4 were used in the pre-enrichment of the bark. No differences were noted for top fresh mass, seedling height, root dry mass, root to shoot ratio and percentage moisture. Seedlings grown in treatments without and supplementary K showed tissue contents of 162.5 mg.K.kg-1. This research suggests the possibility of reducing the levels of-K applied to seedlings grown in a composted pine bark substrate.

scholarly journals Assessment of Growth, Yield and Fruit Nutritional Composition of Tomato and Sweet Pepper Irrigated with Abattoir Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Abattoir Wastewater

Recycling of organic-based wastewater for crop production has received worldwide acceptability as a promising alternative to fertilizer use. Hence, this research evaluated growth, yield and nutritional quality of tomato and sweet pepper irrigated with abattoir wastewater (AWW) with the aim of assessing recycling liquid effluent from slaughterhouses for crop production. Each vegetable was cultivated in experimental pots irrigated with 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% AWW. In tomato, AWW improved plant height, number of branches and leaves, and relative growth rate (RGR) with the maximum values recorded at 100% AWW. Root and shoot dry mass, total biomass and root/shoot ratio were also increased in plants treated with undiluted AWW. In sweet pepper, values of plant height, number of leaves and branches, root length and RGR were higher under AWW treatments than the control with peak values recorded at 100% concentration. The root mass of sweet pepper was increased but the root/shoot ratio was reduced at all AWW concentrations with the highest impact found when AWW was not diluted. While AWW resulted in an increased number of fruits in both crops with the best performance when undiluted, the differences with control were only significant in tomato. Fresh and dry mass of fruit was also significantly increased by AWW in both crops with the highest values recorded at 100% concentration. AWW increased fruit nutrient and heavy metal contents of both vegetables but this increase was nonsignificant compared to control. In conclusion, the application of 20-80% AWW is capable of increasing tomato and sweet pepper production but growing them with undiluted AWW irrigation was the most effective alternative source of fertilizers for improved growth, yield and nutritional quality of vegetables.

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