scholarly journals Effect of growth retardants on the growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Flirt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfana Amin Qureshi ◽  
Shabana Gulzar ◽  
Abdul Rashid Dar ◽  
Reyaz Ur Rehman ◽  
Inayatullah Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Whole Plants

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of graded concentrations of foliar applied growth retardants (cycocel and B-nine) on the growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Flirt. Uniform rooted cuttings raised in pot soil culture received spray applications of growth retardants viz., cycocel and B-nine prepared in 0.1% Tween 80. Cycocel was applied at 1000, 2500 and 5000 mgL-1, whereas B-nine was applied at 100, 250 and 500 mgL-1 concentrations. Plants were sprayed at 2 and 6 weeks after transplantation. Visual observations, plant height, fresh mass, dry mass, number of laterals, number of inflorescences and inflorescence diameter were recorded at periodic intervals. Cycocel treated plants recorded a significant increase in fresh and dry mass of whole plants, leaves and roots, whereas B-nine treated plants were comparable with the controls. Cycocel and B-nine treated plants showed early emergence of buds and inflorescences, whereas no significant effect was recorded on number of laterals. Cycocel application resulted in the increase in inflorescence number. The present results suggest that the treatment effect may be cultivar dependant as many other cultivars of chrysanthemums have been chemically tailored with desired effects using cycocel and B-nine.

HEIGHT CONTROL OF POT CHRYSANTHEMUMS WITH PRE- AND POST-PLANT TREATMENTS OF DAMINOZIDE AND UNICONAZOLE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER R. HICKLENTON
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Butanedioic Acid ◽  
Higher Doses

This study investigated the effects of growth retardants uniconazole [(E) - (p-chlorohenyl) -4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol] and daminozide (butanedioic acid mono 2,2-dimethylhydrazide) on three chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) cultivars. Uniconazole applied as a soil drench (0.02 mg a.i. pot−1) or foliar spray (0.014 mg a.i. pot−1) 10 d after removal of the shoot tip reduced plant height at harvest in cultivars Deep Luv, Tip and Tara. Higher doses of uniconazole resulted in further plant height reduction in Tip and Tara but not in Deep Luv. Daminozide spray (14 mg a.i. pot) and uniconazole spray (0.028 or 0.056 mg a.i. pot−1) produced plants of similar height. Pre-plant dips of both growth retardants were less effective than sprays or drenches in controlling height. Flower area and flower dry weight were reduced with uniconazole drench and spray, and daminozide spray in each cultivar. Shoot dry weight was similarly affected in Tip and Tara but not in Deep Luv. Flowering was delayed in each cultivar by post-plant treatments of uniconazole drench and spray and by daminozide spray (0.08, 0.014 and 14 mg a.i. pot−1, respectively), and by daminozide and uniconazole pre-plant dips (5.0 mg L−1 and 4000 mg L−1, respectively).Key words: Sumagic, XE-1019, B-Nine, Alar, Chrysanthemum × morifolium, Dendanthema grandiflora

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Plant Growth Regulators under Photoselective Greenhouse Covers

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Tatineni ◽  
Nihal C. Rajapakse ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez ◽  
James R. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Height Increase

Responses to selected chemical growth retardants (daminozide, paclobutrazol, and prohexadione-Ca) and GA1 and GA3 under photoselective greenhouse covers with various phytochrome photoequilibrium estimates (φe) were evaluated using `Bright Golden Anne' chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflora Kitam. (syn. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)] as the model plant to better understand the height control mechanism by far red (FR) light depleted environments. Plant height linearly decreased as φe increased from 0.72 to 0.83. The rate of height decrease of daminozide treated plants was less than that of water (control) or GA3-treated plants. The rate of height reduction was not different between control and GA3-treated plants among chambers with various φe. Both paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca reduced plant height regardless of φe, but the height reduction by paclobutrazol was more than that by prohexadioneCa. The combination of paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca reduced plant height more than either alone. GA1 reversed the height reduction caused by paclobutrazol and prohexadione-Ca regardless of φe, but the height increase by GA1 was more when it was applied with prohexadione-Ca than when applied alone. Results show that photoselective covers with high φe were effective in controlling height of chrysanthemums without chemical growth retardants. The linear relationship between plant height and φe suggests that effectiveness of photoselective covers increased as φe increased. The photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) transmission of photoselective covers decreased as the φe increased because of the increasing dye concentration. Identifying photoselective covers that effectively filter out FR light from sunlight and reduce plant height while minimizing the PPF reduction is critical for commercial success of photoselective covers. Gibberellins are, at least partially, involved in height control by photoselective covers. Photoselective greenhouse covers did not reduce responsiveness to gibberellins, and it appears that the mechanism may be to suppress gibberellin biosynthesis. Results also suggest that increased metabolism of GA1 to GA8 was not the mechanism of height control by photoselective covers. Chemical names used: butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide) [daminozide]; (±)-(R*,R*)-b-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-a-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol [paclobutrazol]; 3,5-dioxo-4-(1-oxopropyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [prohexadione-Ca]; gibberellic acid [GA].

scholarly journals Effects of Rooting Volume Restriction on the Growth and Carbohydrate Concentration in Tomato Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishizawa ◽  
Kenji Saito
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill `Ougata-fukuju' and `Korokoro') were grown in a soil or a hydroponic culture to study effects of rooting volume restriction on plant growth and carbohydrate concentrations. In soil culture, leaf lengths decreased linearly as container volume decreased, while plant height did not decrease linearly, irrespective of fruiting. The root to shoot ratio decreased in smaller volume containers, irrespective of fruiting, because dry mass accumulation in the stem and leaves was relatively less inhibited than that in the roots. Total plant dry mass did not differ between fruiting and deblossomed plants, irrespective of container volume. In hydroponic culture, plant height in small containers (37 cm3) was similar to that in large containers (2024 or 4818 cm3). The root to shoot ratio of the plants grown in small containers was lower than that of the plants grown in large containers, mainly due to less inhibition of the dry mass accumulation in the stem than in the leaves. When small containers were almost filled with roots (28 days after transplanting), soluble sugar and starch concentrations in leaves became ≈2-fold higher in the plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. At the end of experiment (42 days after transplanting), sucrose and starch concentrations in the stem were higher in plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. However, soluble sugar and starch concentrations in the leaves did not differ between treatments.

Impact of Pinching Method and Number of Cuttings on Growth of Eight Florist Azalea Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 680d-680
Author(s):  
Fabienne Gauthier ◽  
Blanche Dansereau ◽  
Marie-Josee Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Mass Number ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rhododendron Simsii

During Fall 1995–Winter 1996, rooted cuttings of eight Rhododendron Simsii cultivars—Dorothy Gish, Jacinth, Paloma, White Gish, Friedhelm Scherrer, Gloria, Helmut Vogel, and Inga were transplanted July 1995 into 10.5-cm pots. A treatment consisted of one, two or three cuttings per pot. Cuttings were pinched either mechanically using a hedge clipper (control) or chemically with Off-Shoot-O at rates of 63.5 or 111.1 mL·L–1 of water or with Atrimmec at 20 mL·L–1 of water. Pinching treatments were repeated three times during the experimental period. New secondary shoots developed more rapidly after a mechanical pinch than after a chemical pinch. Moreover, greater foliage damage was observed on plants pinched with Off-Shoot-O. Growth measurements (height and diameter of plants, top dry mass, number of days to reach anthesis and visual quality) will be presented.

scholarly journals Are plant growth retardants a strategy to decrease lodging and increase yield of sunflower?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Camargo e Castro ◽  
Marcos Vinicius de Castro Ferraz Junior ◽  
Ana Carolina Cabrera Machado Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants ◽  
Potential Strategy

One of the major disadvantages of sunflower cultivation is the increased plant height, making it prone to the lodging. The use of plant growth retardants can be an alternative strategy to reduce plant height; however, these compounds may affect productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth retardants on sunflower development and yield. Four treatments were studied: 1- control; 2- gibberellic acid (GA) 10 mg L−1; 3- trinexapac-ethyl (TE) 5 mL L−1, and 4- maleic hidrazide (MH) 8 mL L−1. TE and MH decreased plant height (16.9 and 35.9%, respectively); however, only TE positively influenced capitulim diameter and dry mass (46.7 and 311%, when compared to control) at 60 days after planting (DAP). At 81 DAP, dry mass of capitulum did not differ among control and TE-treated plants. On the other hand, MH impaired diameter and dry mass of capitulum (92.9 and 74.7%, respectively). It can be concluded that the application of TE is a potential strategy to decrease lodging probability without affecting sunflower yield. Furthermore, although MH negatively affected sunflower development, its use on the crop cannot be excluded since other doses, frequencies and moment of application can be studied.

scholarly journals APLICAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE SILÍCIO NA CULTURA DO CRAMBE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Roberto Guedes ◽  
Ana Paula Morais Mourão Simonetti ◽  
Helton Aparecido Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Crop Cycle

The Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) is a brassicaceae from Ethiopia, and adapted in Mediterranean, its most important feature is about the production of vegetal oil. However, for being a culture recently widespread in Brazil, a few studies are found in literature about the effects and benefits of n in crambe’s culture. This work was conducted at the Farm School Assis Gurgacz College (FAG) in Cascavel - Paraná and aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon on productive aspects of crambe.. Was used the completely randomized desing, that the treatement was divide in: T1 – control; T2- syrup of silícon 0,10% with 2 aplications; T3 - syrup of silicon 0,15% with 3 aplications; T4 - silicon with inseticide and  T5 - only inseticide, that was recomendaded for this culture, resulting 20 parcels. Were evaluated after the crop cycle parameters: plant height, root dry mass, number of grains per plant and weight of 100 grains. Statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance with the help of ASSISTAT software. The use of silicon did not influence positively the production of crambe parameters, except for the number of grains. 

scholarly journals Clerodendrum as Flowering Potted Plants

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 877C-877
Author(s):  
Annina Delaune* ◽  
Jeff Kuehny
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Pot Plant ◽  
All Treatment

The genus Clerodendrum is of interest to the floriculture industry as a woody, flowering pot plant because of its variation in type of foliage and flowers, production of many inflorescences on one plant, continuous bloom, fast growing and short production cycle. Plant height, however, needs to be successfully controlled to produce a marketable plant. Paclobutrazol (Bonzi) and ancymidol (A-Rest) have been shown to reduce plant growth and increase the number of flowers of C. thomsoniae. The remaining species are relatively new to the floriculture industry and very little information is available on use of growth retardants. Determination of the proper timing, number of applications and rates of growth retardants were studied. Paclobutrazol and ancymidol were applied either as a spray at 0, 100 or 200 ppm, or as a drench at 0, 0.5 or 1.0 a.i./pot to C. thomsoniae, C. ugandense, and C. bungii. Applications began three weeks after rooted cuttings were potted for three consecutive weeks, with randomized plants treated either in week one, two or three with all treatment rates. As in previous studies, C. thomsoniae responded to paclobutrazol and ancymidol by producing a marketable plant, while plant height of C. ugandense and C. bungii was not affected by treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of plant regulators on growth and flowering of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Marchi ◽  
D. Martins ◽  
N.V. Costa ◽  
J.R.V. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of sequential applications of different plant regulators over growth and flower rachis emission of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). The study was conducted on 15-month old green turfgrass under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The following plant regulator and doses were tested: trinexapac-ethyl (113+113, 226+113, 226+226, 452+113, 452+226, 452+452, 678+339 e 904+452 g a.i./ha-1), prohexadione-calcium (100+100 e 200+200 g a.i. ha-1) and bispyribac-sodium (40+40 e 60+60 g a.i. ha-1), as well as an untreated control. The turfgrass was mowed again at 3.0 cm aboveground and the second plant regulator was applied when 'Meyer' zoysiagrass was between 5.0 and 6.0 cm high. The effect of the treatments was visually rated for visual injury, plant height, height and number of flower rachis, and total dry mass production of clippings. Only bispyribac-sodium had visual symptoms of injury on 'Meyer' zoysiagrass, and no intoxication was observed at 28 days after the second application (DAAB). The sequential applications of trinexapac-ethyl, prohexadione-calcium and bispyribac-sodium reduced by more than 80% the total clipping dry mass produced by 'Meyer' zoysiagrass. All the plant regulators tested also showed promising results in reducing the height and emission of rachis, especially when trinexapac-ethyl was applied at the doses 452+452, 678+339 and 904+452 g a.i. ha-1. 'Meyer' zoysiagrass turfgrass can be handled with the sequential application of a plant regulator, which reduces the need for mowing over a period up to 110 days after the application of the second plant regulator, and it also avoids deleterious visual effects over turfgrass.

scholarly journals Broccoli production depending on the seed production system and organic and mineral fertilizer

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Lopes ◽  
Janaína Mauri ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo S Alexandre ◽  
Allan R de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Espirito Santo

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, in Alegre, Espirito Santo state, Brazil, to evaluate the broccoli production depending on the seed production system and organic and mineral fertilization. Seeds of the broccoli cultivar Ramoso Piracicaba were originated from lots of seed obtained in an organic and conventional production system. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with four replications in a factorial arrangement combination of the lots, 2x5 (organic and mineral fertilized seeds) and substrates [S1 (soil + sand + manure), S2 (soil + sand + manure + NPK), S3 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 10 g L-1), S4 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 30 g L-1) and S5 (soil + sand + manure + Fertium® 50 g L-1]. The analyzed variables were emergency, fresh and dry mass of aerial part, emergency speed and height of seedlings after 28 days of sowing, and plant diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of aerial part, plant height, root volume, fresh and dry root mass, absolute and relative growth rates and increment to leaf area and plant height after 104 days. The emergency was similar in the different substrates; great vigor occurred on conventional seeds; the mineral fertilization increased the production of fresh mass of aerial part; the use of substrate containing soil, sand soil conditioner Fertium (30 to 50 g L-1) increased the volume, fresh and dry mass of roots and rate of increase in these variables.

scholarly journals Alternative sources of potassium for maize cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Fernandes Boldrin ◽  
Hugo Ferreira Souto ◽  
Lenise Selaysim Salles ◽  
Antonio Eduardo Furtini Neto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Alternative Sources

ABSTRACT Brazil is the largest importer of potassium (K) fertilizers in the world, importing about 95% of all the potassium consumed by its agriculture. Thus, new sources and technologies to increase K availability have been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic viability of the use of calcined glauconite and phonolite blended and granulated with two organic materials on maize growth in pots, using two soils of contrasting texture in a controlled environment. Were evaluated eight sources of potassium: phonolite; phonolite + poultry manure; phonolite + cattle manure; calcined glauconite; calcined glauconite + poultry manure; calcined glauconite + cattle manure; negative control (no K); and positive control (K - KCl), and two soils of contrasting texture. The experiment was carried out for 38 d. The following parameters were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, leaf number, leaf contents of nitrogen (N), K and phosphorus (P), and the SPAD chlorophyll meter. In the sandy soil, the source consisting of phonolite + chicken manure was similar to KCl application regarding plant height, stem diameter and shoot dry mass. As for the clayey soil, when both rocks were blended with the organic wastes, they were similar to KCl for shoot dry mass. The use of pure granulated rocks, calcined glauconite and phonolite without blending with the organic residues is not efficient to provide available K to maize plants.

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