scholarly journals POTASSIUM NUTRITION OF CABBAGE SEEDLINGS IN PINE BARK SUBSTRATES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074d-1074
Author(s):  
Graham J. Wright ◽  
Irwin E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Tissue Contents

Composted pine bark is one of the most important substrates used in the seedling industry today. Previous work suggested the availability of inherent Potassium (K) in the bark. This research confirmed the availability of K and indicated that little or no K is needed for seedling production when pine bark is used as a substrate. Pre-enrichment rates ranged from 0 to 460 g.K.m-3, with a supplemental solution application of 0 to 200 mg.K.l-1. No evidence of K deficiencies or toxicities were detected. Three K sources, KCl, KNO3, and K2SO4 were used in the pre-enrichment of the bark. No differences were noted for top fresh mass, seedling height, root dry mass, root to shoot ratio and percentage moisture. Seedlings grown in treatments without and supplementary K showed tissue contents of 162.5 mg.K.kg-1. This research suggests the possibility of reducing the levels of-K applied to seedlings grown in a composted pine bark substrate.

scholarly journals Effects of Rooting Volume Restriction on the Growth and Carbohydrate Concentration in Tomato Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishizawa ◽  
Kenji Saito
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill `Ougata-fukuju' and `Korokoro') were grown in a soil or a hydroponic culture to study effects of rooting volume restriction on plant growth and carbohydrate concentrations. In soil culture, leaf lengths decreased linearly as container volume decreased, while plant height did not decrease linearly, irrespective of fruiting. The root to shoot ratio decreased in smaller volume containers, irrespective of fruiting, because dry mass accumulation in the stem and leaves was relatively less inhibited than that in the roots. Total plant dry mass did not differ between fruiting and deblossomed plants, irrespective of container volume. In hydroponic culture, plant height in small containers (37 cm3) was similar to that in large containers (2024 or 4818 cm3). The root to shoot ratio of the plants grown in small containers was lower than that of the plants grown in large containers, mainly due to less inhibition of the dry mass accumulation in the stem than in the leaves. When small containers were almost filled with roots (28 days after transplanting), soluble sugar and starch concentrations in leaves became ≈2-fold higher in the plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. At the end of experiment (42 days after transplanting), sucrose and starch concentrations in the stem were higher in plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. However, soluble sugar and starch concentrations in the leaves did not differ between treatments.

Physiological and morphological differences between somatic, in vitro germinated, and normal seedlings of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mama Nsangou ◽  
Michael Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Normal Seed ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Morphological Differences

Growth and foliar characteristics of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings produced from somatic embryos (SS) from cell lines representing three genotypes, zygotic embryos (ZS) germinated in vitro, and normal seed (NS) germinated in a greenhouse were compared after 8 months of growth in the greenhouse. NS and SS were similar in terms of height, diameter, root to shoot ratio, and total plant dry mass, but ZS grew significantly more. The root to shoot ratio of ZS was only one half that of SS and NS. Foliar characteristics such as needle dry mass and specific leaf area were also similar between SS and NS and appeared to be distinctly juvenile, but were the most juvenile in ZS. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and total chlorophyll content were lowest in the ZS, even though they grew the most. After 2 years of growth in pots outdoors, the stem diameter of ZS was still significantly greater than that of SS or NS, although height growth was no longer significantly different. There was no evidence that SS showed signs of accelerated maturation. The possibility that the unexpectedly greater growth of ZS is due to environmental variation during seed set and early germination that affects subsequent seedling growth and development is discussed.

NITROGEN NUTRITION OF CITRUS NURSERY STOCK IN PINE BARK SUBSTRATES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161f-1161
Author(s):  
John D. Lea-Cox ◽  
Irwin E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Pine bark is utilized as a substrate in citrus nurseries in South Africa. The Nitrogen (N) content of pine bark is inherently low, and due to the volubility of N, must be supplied on a continual basis to ensure optimum growth rates of young citrus nursery stock. Three citrus rootstock (rough lemon, carrizo citrange and cleopatra mandarin) showed no difference in stem diameter or total dry mass (TDM) when supplied N at concentrations between 25 and 200 mg ·l-1 N in the nutrient solution over a 12 month growing period. Free leaf arginine increased when N was supplied at 400 mg·l-1 N. The form of N affected the growth of rough lemon. High NH4-N:NO3-N (75:25) ratios decreased TDM when Sulfur (S) was absent from the nutrient solution, but not if S was present. Free arginine increased in leaves at high NH4-N (No S) ratios, but not at high NH4-N (S supplied) ratios. Free leaf arginine was correlated with free leaf ammonia. These results have important implications for reducing the concentration of N in nutrient solutions used in citrus nurseries and may indicate that higher NH4-N ratios can be used when adequate S is also supplied.

Evaluation of Zeolite-based Soilless Root Media for Potted Chrysanthemum Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 465e-465
Author(s):  
Janet L. Carlino ◽  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Earl R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Root Media ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Chrysanthemum growth and nutrient leaching of three clinoptilolite-based root media, which were formulated and provided by Boulder Innovative Technologies, Inc. and ZeoponiX, Inc., were compared to the performance of control plants grown in Sunshine Mix #2 (3 peat: 1 perlite, v/v). The control received 210 mg·L–1 N from an 18N–4P–15K soluble fertilizer at each irrigation. The experimental zeolite-based medium NZ, which contained untreated zeolite and received the same soluble fertilizer as the control, leached lower concentrations of NH4-N, K, and PO4-P for most of the production cycle compared to the control. Medium EZ1 was formulated to provide N, P, and K as fertilizer nutrients and produced plants similar to the control based on ratings, height, width, and dry mass, but not fresh mass, at harvest when the fertilizer rate was half of that applied to the control, 105 mg·L–1 N. Medium EZ2, which did not receive P or K from soluble fertilizer, produced plants similar to the control based on rating, height, and dry mass, but not width or fresh mass, with soluble fertilizer input reduced to only N. Tissue N, P, and K concentrations of plants grown in media EZ1 and EZ2 were lower than those of control plants. With further refinements, these zeolite-based products show promise for decreasing nutrient leaching during crop production and allowing for application of lower rates of soluble fertilizers.

scholarly journals Influence of Atomization Nozzles and Spraying Intervals on Growth, Biomass Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Butter-Head Lettuce under Aeroponics System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Mazhar H. Tunio ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
Imran A. Lakhiar ◽  
Kashif A. Solangi ◽  
Waqar A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

The atomized nutrient solution droplet sizes and spraying intervals can impact the chemical properties of the nutrient solution, biomass yield, root-to-shoot ratio and nutrient uptake of aeroponically cultivated plants. In this study, four different nozzles having droplet sizes N1 = 11.24, N2 = 26.35, N3 = 17.38 and N4 = 4.89 µm were selected and misted at three nutrient solution spraying intervals of 30, 45 and 60 min, with a 5 min spraying time. The measured parameters were power of hydrogen (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) values of the nutrient solution, shoot and root growth, ratio of roots to shoots (fresh and dry), biomass yield and nutrient uptake. The results indicated that the N1 presented significantly lower changes in chemical properties than those of N2, N3 and N4, resulting in stable lateral root growth and increased biomass yield. Also, the root-to-shoot ratio significantly increased with increasing spraying interval using N1 and N4 nozzles. The N1 nozzle also revealed a significant effect on the phosphorous, potassium and magnesium uptake by the plants misted at proposed nutrient solution spraying intervals. However, the ultrasonic nozzle showed a nonsignificant effect on all measured parameters with respect to spraying intervals. In the last, this research experiment validates the applicability of air-assisted nozzle (N1) misting at a 30-min spraying interval and 5 min of spraying time for the cultivation of butter-head lettuce in aeroponic systems.

scholarly journals Individual and Interactive Temporal Implications of UV-B Radiation and Elevated CO2 on the Morphology of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
T. Casey Barickman ◽  
Skyler Brazel ◽  
Akanksha Sehgal ◽  
C. Hunt Walne ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Radiation Treatments

Temporal and spatial variations in ozone levels and temporal changes in solar radiation greatly influence ultraviolet radiation incidence to crops throughout their growth, yet the interactive effects of CO2 and UV-B radiation on Basil production under sunlight environmental conditions has not been studied. Basil ‘Genovese’ plants grown under sunlit plant growth chambers were subjected to a combination of supplemental UV-B (0 and 10 kJ m−2d−1) and ambient (420 ppm) and elevated (720 ppm) CO2 treatments for 38 days after 14 days of germination. UV-B radiation treatments caused a decrease in basil stem branching, fresh mass, and stem dry mass under both CO2 treatments when harvested after 17 and 38 days of treatment. There was also an increase in basil leaf surface wax under UV-B (10 kJ m−2d−1) treatment compared to controls (0 kJ m−2d−1). Elevated CO2 treatments caused a decrease in morphological features, including specific leaf area and fresh mass. Interactive effects between UV-B and CO2 treatments existed for some morphological features, including plant height, root surface area, and average root diameter. Understanding the impacts that CO2 and UV-B radiation treatments have on basilcan improve existing varieties for increased tolerance while simultaneously improving yield, plant morphology, and physiology.

scholarly journals Hydroponics growth of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. on salt-stress mediated by sodium chloride

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luís Lopes da Silva ◽  
Yohana de Oliveira ◽  
Roberson Dibax ◽  
Jefferson da Luz Costa ◽  
Gessiel Newton Scheidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of two clones of Eucalyptus saligna on salt-stress mediated by NaCl in hydroponics. Micropropagated plants of the clones p0 and p1 were acclimatizated and cultivated in hydroponics at 0 and 300 mM NaCl levels. The total length, volume, number, fresh mass and dry mass of the roots, the height, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and the fresh  and dry mass of the complete plant were evaluated to the 14 days of hydroponic culture with NaCl. There were significant differences among the clones. The clone p0 was superior to the clone p1 in relation to volume of the roots, root number, root fresh mass and total fresh mass of the root. Regards the effect of the salinity on the plants, significant reduction was observed in the height of the aerial part, fresh mass of the aerial part and the total fresh mass. Even so, the interaction between the clones and the concentrations of NaCl was significant for the total fresh mass. In the period of 14 days of hydroponic culture on 300 mM NaCl was possible to discriminate these two clones in relation to the tolerance and susceptibility to the salt stress. The clone p0 presented higher growth and larger tolerance to the salinity than clone p1.

scholarly journals Use of the QTL approach to the study of soybean trait relationships in two populations of recombinant inbred lines at the F7 and F8 generations

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Dias Vieira ◽  
Dario Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Taís Cristina Bastos Soares ◽  
Ivan Schuster ◽  
Newton Deniz Piovesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Pod Number

This work aimed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with photosynthesis and growth and productivity traits of soybean and to study possible associations between these traits by the analysis of coincidence of QTL in linkage groups (LGs). Thus, populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the F7 and F8 generations derived from the cross between the varieties BARC-8 and Garimpo were used. The traits evaluated were net assimilation rate of CO2 under saturating light (Asat), potential photosynthesis rate (Pmax), leaf area (A), specific leaf area (SLA), specific leaf nitrogen (N); root (W R), nodule (W N), stem (W ST), leaf (W L), pod (W P) and plant dry mass (W T); nodule (nN), seed (n s), and pod number (nP); seed fresh mass per plant (W S), one-hundred seed fresh mass (W HS) and seed protein percentage (P%). It was possible to identify the following QTL associated with the following soybean traits: SLA, Asat, N, W R, W ST, W L, W T, W P, W HS, n s and nP, indicating that the RIL population has a great potential for mapping loci associated with quantitative traits of the soybean crop. The correlations between the soybean traits were partially confirmed by coincidence of QTL.

Assessment of Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and Root-to-shoot Ratio (R) for some Tree Species of Uttarakhand, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Laxmi Rawat ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Nishita Giri
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Biomass Expansion Factor ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Age Series

The present study was conducted in Shorea robusta (sal), Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine), Tectona grandis (Teak) and Ailanthus excelsa (Ardu) plantations of different ages at different sites in Uttarakhand. Biomass was calculated on the basis of complete tree harvesting method (stratified mean tree technique method). Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and root-to-shoot ratio (R) of all these 4 tree species have been calculated and presented in this paper. Sample trees of S. robusta were of 45, 53 and 60 years of age. BEF for all these 3 age series were assessed as 1.3 at 45 years, 1.4 at 53 years and 1.2 at 60 years of age. Similarly, R values were assessed as 0.27, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively, in these 3 age series. BEF and R values assessed for T. grandis (28 years age) as 1.46 and 0.21; and for A. excelsa (39 years age) as 1.23 and 0.23, respectively. BEF for P. roxburghii trees calculated as 2.3 for 13 years age, 1.75 for 20 years, 1.71 for 22 years, 1.5 for 33 years and 1.46 for trees of 45 years of age. Similarly, R values were 0.2 for 13 years, 0.21 for 20 years, 0.12 for 22 years, 0.13 for 33 years and 0.15 for 45 years of age. P. roxburghii sample trees have shown decreasing order of BEF with increasing age, whereas S. robusta has not shown such trend along the chronosequence.

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