scholarly journals Wpływ zwiększonej zawartości dtuutlenku węgla w powietrzu na młode rośliny pomidorów uprawianych różnymi metodami [Effect of increased CO2 level in atmosphere on young tomato plants under various culture conditions]

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Z. Gumińska ◽  
M. Osmelak
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Co2 Level

An experiment was performed in order to establish whether an increase of CO<sub>2</sub> content in the atmosphere is advantageous to plants grown in hydroponic culture. Tomato plants were grown in hydroponic, water and soil cultures in two chambers with different CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. After 16 days of experiment the tenfold concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> increased the dry mass of plants by 73 - 93% in all the cultures.

scholarly journals Effects of Rooting Volume Restriction on the Growth and Carbohydrate Concentration in Tomato Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishizawa ◽  
Kenji Saito
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill `Ougata-fukuju' and `Korokoro') were grown in a soil or a hydroponic culture to study effects of rooting volume restriction on plant growth and carbohydrate concentrations. In soil culture, leaf lengths decreased linearly as container volume decreased, while plant height did not decrease linearly, irrespective of fruiting. The root to shoot ratio decreased in smaller volume containers, irrespective of fruiting, because dry mass accumulation in the stem and leaves was relatively less inhibited than that in the roots. Total plant dry mass did not differ between fruiting and deblossomed plants, irrespective of container volume. In hydroponic culture, plant height in small containers (37 cm3) was similar to that in large containers (2024 or 4818 cm3). The root to shoot ratio of the plants grown in small containers was lower than that of the plants grown in large containers, mainly due to less inhibition of the dry mass accumulation in the stem than in the leaves. When small containers were almost filled with roots (28 days after transplanting), soluble sugar and starch concentrations in leaves became ≈2-fold higher in the plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. At the end of experiment (42 days after transplanting), sucrose and starch concentrations in the stem were higher in plants grown in small than in those grown in large containers. However, soluble sugar and starch concentrations in the leaves did not differ between treatments.

Interactive effects of nitrogen and irradiance on growth and partitioning of dry mass and nitrogen in young tomato plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine C. de Groot ◽  
Leo F. M. Marcelis ◽  
Riki van den Boogaard ◽  
Hans Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
N Limitation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Growth Irradiance ◽  
Dry Mass Partitioning

The interactive effects of irradiance and N on growth of young tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were studied. Plants were grown at 70 or 300 μmol photons m–2 s–1, hereafter referred to as 'low' and 'high' irradiance, and at a range of exponential N supply rates (70–370 mg g–1 d–1) or at a constant concentration in the nutrient solution of 12 mM NO3–. At both irradiance levels, leaf area ratio was more important than net assimilation rate (NAR) in explaining effects of N on growth at mild N limitation. However, at severe N limitation, NAR became the most important parameter, as indicated by calculated growth response coefficients. Furthermore, this study shows that N supply and growth irradiance interacted strongly. The decrease of specific leaf area with increasing N limitation and increasing growth irradiance correlated with increasing leaf dry mass percentage and starch concentration. Furthermore, at low irradiance, plants partitioned more dry mass to the stem. Dry mass partitioning to roots increased with decreasing plant N concentration, and this relation appeared to be independent of irradiance. Shading increased plant N concentration and decreased dry mass partitioning to roots. Also, the relationship between plant N concentration and N partitioning to different plant organs was largely independent of growth irradiance.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL EM RESPOSTA A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-448
Author(s):  
Cícero José da Silva ◽  
José Antônio Frizzone ◽  
César Antônio da Silva ◽  
Nadson de Carvalho Pontes ◽  
Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
E Mail

DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL EM RESPOSTA A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO     Cícero José da Silva1; José Antônio Frizzone2; César Antônio da Silva3; Nadson de Carvalho Pontes4; Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva5 E Ênio Eduardo Basílio6   1Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Professor Aposentado Colaborador Senior, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossitemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, N 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Estudante de Iniciação Científica do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6Técnico Administrativo, Mestre em Olericultura, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiros submetidas a diferentes níveis de reposição da irrigação, aplicados via sistema gotejamento subsuperficial durante duas safras. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados cinco níveis de irrigação: 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura (%ETc) medida com lisímetros de pesagem, sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiro. Cada parcela experimental foi composta por três fileiras de plantas de 5,5 m de comprimento, espaçadas a 1,10 m entre si e 0,30 m entre plantas. As avaliações de área foliar, índice de área foliar, massa seca de raiz, caule, folhas, flores, frutos e total foram realizadas aos 45, 65 e 85 dias após o transplante das mudas. Irrigações deficitárias e em excesso prejudicaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas de tomateiro. Os maiores valores de área foliar, índice de área foliar e massa seca total das plantas de tomateiro foram estimados com níveis de irrigação que variaram de 96 a 112% da ETc, variando de acordo com o ano de avaliação e a fase de desenvolvimento do tomateiro. Irrigações deficitárias e excessivas prejudicaram a floração e frutificação do tomateiro híbrido BRS Sena.             Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicom L.; gotejamento enterrado; manejo da irrigação; massa seca.             Silva, c. j. da; FRIZZONE, J. A.; SILVA, C. A. da; pontes, n. de C.; SILVA, L. F. M. da; BASÍLIO, Ê. E. Industrial tomato plant development in response to different irrigation levels    2 ABSTRACT   This research aimed to evaluate tomato plant development submitted to different irrigation replacement levels, irrigated via subsurface drip system for two harvests. The experiment was conducted under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Five irrigation levels were evaluated: 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration (% ETc) measured with weighing lysimeters over the tomato plants development. Each experimental plot was composed of three plants rows with 5.5 m long, spaced 1.10 m apart and 0.30 m between plants. Leaf area, leaf area index, root dry matter, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and total were evaluated at 45, 65 and 85 days after seedlings transplanting. Deficit and excess irrigation impaired the vegetative development of tomato plants. The highest values of leaf area, leaf area index and plants total dry mass were estimated with irrigation levels ranging from 96 to 112% of ETc, depending on the evaluation harvest year and the crop development phase. Deficit and excessive irrigation affected the flowering and fruiting of the hybrid tomato BRS Sena.   Keywords: Solanum lycopersicom L; subsurface drip irrigation; irrigation manegement; dry mass.

scholarly journals Hydroponics growth of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. on salt-stress mediated by sodium chloride

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luís Lopes da Silva ◽  
Yohana de Oliveira ◽  
Roberson Dibax ◽  
Jefferson da Luz Costa ◽  
Gessiel Newton Scheidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of two clones of Eucalyptus saligna on salt-stress mediated by NaCl in hydroponics. Micropropagated plants of the clones p0 and p1 were acclimatizated and cultivated in hydroponics at 0 and 300 mM NaCl levels. The total length, volume, number, fresh mass and dry mass of the roots, the height, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and the fresh  and dry mass of the complete plant were evaluated to the 14 days of hydroponic culture with NaCl. There were significant differences among the clones. The clone p0 was superior to the clone p1 in relation to volume of the roots, root number, root fresh mass and total fresh mass of the root. Regards the effect of the salinity on the plants, significant reduction was observed in the height of the aerial part, fresh mass of the aerial part and the total fresh mass. Even so, the interaction between the clones and the concentrations of NaCl was significant for the total fresh mass. In the period of 14 days of hydroponic culture on 300 mM NaCl was possible to discriminate these two clones in relation to the tolerance and susceptibility to the salt stress. The clone p0 presented higher growth and larger tolerance to the salinity than clone p1.

Comparison of Various Strategies Designed to Optimize Indole Alkaloid Accumulation of a Cell Suspension Culture of Catharanthus roseus

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Berlin ◽  
Christiane Mollenschott ◽  
Frank DiCosmo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Time Required

The cell line CP-3 of Catharanthus roseus produces low levels of indole alkaloids during station­ary phase of growth, but increased levels when transferred to growth-limiting production media. Highest specific yields of alkaloids were usually achieved 8-15 days after transfer of the cells to the production medium. We attempted to reduce the time required for alkaloid production by altering preculture conditions, and by adding an elicitor preparation known to stimulate alkaloid accumulation in other cells. Reduction of 2,4-D in the last growth medium before transfer to production medium and a high initial inoculum load into the production medium resulted in rapid and greatest alkaloid accumulation (up to 2 mg ajmalicine/g dry mass or 40 mg/1 within 7 days). The addition of elicitor to the cell suspension stimulated high levels of tryptamine biosynthesis and accumulation under all culture conditions. Additionally, two cell lines derived from CP-3 cells and maintained on NAA/kinetin containing medium were selected for rapid growth in the absence of 2,4-D and were characterized with respect to their ajmalicine production. At a high inoculum load these cells produced up to 1.3 mg/g or 20 mg ajmalicine/1 when cultivated on the growth medium. The biotechnological utility of such cell lines is discussed.

scholarly journals Fruit shape regulates susceptibility of tomato to blossom-end rot

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42487
Author(s):  
Lucas Baiochi Riboldi ◽  
Sabrina Helena da Cruz Araújo ◽  
Sérgio Tonetto de Freitas ◽  
Paulo Roberto Camargo Castro
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Plant Water Potential ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Calcium (Ca2+) is a nutrient in tomato plants, of which deficiency usually causes several problems including a physiological disorder known as blossom-end rot (BER) in the fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate and identify morphological and physiological characteristics related to the susceptibility of tomato varieties to BER. The varieties studied were ‘Amalia’, ‘IPA-6’, ‘M-82’, ‘Mara’, and ‘Nagcarlan’, presenting different fruit formats. Physiological parameters that negatively correlated with BER were plant water potential, leaf area, plant dry mass, relationship between proximal/distal Ca2+, K+ content in the proximal and distal portions of the fruit, and proximal Ca2+ content. Physiological parameters that positively correlated with BER were number of trichomes in the abaxial and adaxial leaf portions, leaf stomatal conductance, distal Ca2+ content bound to the cell wall, leaf transpiration, and fruit length. Our results showed that ‘Mara’ and ‘Nagcarlan’, ‘Amalia’ and ‘IPA-6’, and ‘M-82’ presented low, medium, and high susceptibility to BER, respectively. We also found that total fruit Ca2+ concentration, particularly in the distal fruit tissue, was not the only factor responsible for the development of BER; rather, the balance between factors that increase and decrease the susceptibility of each variety affected development of this disorder.

scholarly journals Root-to-Shoot Communication to Modulate Source-Sink Relationship in Tomato Depends on Phytochromes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Valéria Cury Galati ◽  
Reginaldo de Oliveira ◽  
Lucas Aparecido Gaion ◽  
Vanessa Cury Galati ◽  
Rogério Falleiros Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Root To Shoot Communication ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Photoassimilate Partitioning

Phytochromes have been reported as strategic photoreceptors that can modulate the partition of photoassimilates between source and sink. However, so far, it is unknown whether phytochrome accumulation in the root is part of the control mechanisms of the source-sink relationship that modulates root and shoot growth. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate phytochrome involvement in the source-sink relationship and in the vegetative and reproductive development of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom or MT). The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments, provided by grafting combinations between aurea (au), which is phytochrome deficient, and the near isogenic line MT: (MT/MT, au/au, MT/au and au/MT). We observed differentiated responses for many parameters analyzed. For example, the root dry mass accumulation and stern diameter obtained by MT/MT, MT/au and au/MT grafting were 33% and 31% higher, respectively, than those obtained by au/au. In the au/MT combination, there were greater root dry mass and total dry mass accumulations. Based on the changes in vegetative and reproductive development observed from grafting combinations between MT and the mutant au, we can conclude that phytochromes function in the control of photoassimilate partitioning between roots and stems during tomato growth.

scholarly journals Induced Resistance by Penicillium oxalicum Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici: Histological Studies of Infected and Induced Tomato Stems

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Cal ◽  
R. Garcia-Lepe ◽  
P. Melgarejo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Progress Curve

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants of ‘Lorena’ were induced with a conidial suspension (107 conidia per ml) of Penicillium oxalicum before inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the wilt pathogen. Histological changes occurred in plants under both growth chamber and glasshouse culture conditions and there was a reduction of disease severity. In noninduced plants, the pathogen produced almost a complete loss of cambium (75 to 100% reduction), an increase in the number of bundles, and a decrease in the number of xylem vessels (20% reduction), in which the diameter also was reduced by 20 to 30% in hypocotyls and epicotyls. The percentage of vessels colonized by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was positively correlated to the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). However, plants induced with P. oxalicum showed less disease, did not lose the cambium, had a lower number of bundles, and had less vascular colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (35 to 99%). These effects also were observed in ‘Precodor’, which is susceptible to races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and partially in ‘Ramón’, which is resistant to both races. Renewed or prolonged cambial activity that led to the formation of additional secondary xylem could be one of the reasons for disease reduction in P. oxalicum-induced tomato plants.

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