scholarly journals Cadmium Uptake by Cucumber from Soil Amended with Phosphorus Fertilizers

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Huang ◽  
S. Kuo ◽  
R. Bembenek
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Uptake Coefficient ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilizers

Cadmium (Cd) concentrations in some phosphorus (P) fertilizers may be high enough to cause significant Cd accumulation in plants. A 2-year field experiment was conducted on a Sultan silt loam (Aquandic Xerochrept) to determine how the availability to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) of Cd from a triple superphosphate (TSP) and a western phosphate rock (PR) was affected by rate of Cd input and liming. A water-soluble Cd salt, CdCl2, was included for comparison. Cucumber vine growth increased with increasing TSP application rates but was unaffected by the application of PR or CdCl2. Cucumber fruit yield, however, was unaffected by the application of either P fertilizer or CdCl2. Concentrations of Cd in cucumber vine or fruit responded to increased Cd inputs from PR, TSP, or CdCl2, and the vine was the primary sink for Cd that accumulated in the plant. Both vine and fruit Cd correlated better with soil total Cd than with labile Cd extractable by 0.05 m CaCl2 or DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid). A unique characteristic of cucumber vine- or fruit-Cd is that it was unaffected (P > 0.05) by lime rate and Cd source and not closely related to labile or exchangeable Cd as measured by 0.05 m CaCl2, in contrast to previous findings for other vegetable or grain crops. Root exudates could have controlled the solubility of Cd in the soil. The low availability of Cd from these sources to the plant was evidenced by the low uptake coefficient of Cd (0.461 to 1.059) from the soil to the cucumber fruit and low Cd recovery (0.43%) in both vine and fruit of Cd added.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of water or citrate soluble phosphorus in modified phosphate rocks for soybean

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Ignácio Prochnow ◽  
José Francisco da Cunha ◽  
Ariel Francisco Candiotti Ventimiglia
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Standard Source ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Sources

Ten P fertilizers were collected (commercial fertilizers) or synthesized (experimental sources) in order to obtain single superphosphates varying in water and citrate solubility. A standard source of P was also produced by crystallization of the water-soluble fraction of a triple superphosphate. Eleven P sources were band applied to a medium textured Xanthic Hapludox, in Bahia, Brazil (low content of resin-extractable P) at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O (neutral ammonium citrate plus water) soluble P2O5, with soybean as the crop which was grown to maturity. A check plot (control) was included in the study. Three of the P sources [single superphosphate produced from Araxa phosphate rock (PR), low-grade single superphosphate produced from Lagamar PR and the standard source of P] were also applied at rates to provide 40 and 120 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O soluble P2O5. Yield of soybean was evaluated by analysis of variance with mean comparison performed utilizing LSD lines, considering the P sources applied at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + control. Regression procedures were used to study the relation between yield of soybean and rates of P2O5. The fertilizers tested performed equally well as a source of P for soybean. The level of water-soluble P did not influence fertilizer performance.

Variance in response of pole-size trees and seedlings of Douglas-fir and western hemlock to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1431-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Radwan ◽  
J. S. Shumway ◽  
D. S. DeBell ◽  
J. M. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
P Fertilizers

Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of N and P fertilizers on growth and levels of plant-tissue nutrients of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.). Both pole-size trees in closed-canopy stands and potted seedlings were used. Soil series were Bunker for Douglas-fir and Klone for western hemlock in experiments 1 and 3, and Vesta in experiment 2. For each species in experiments 1 and 2, P and N fertilizers were tested in six or eight treatments using factorial design. In experiment 3, N and P fertilizers were individually tested on seedlings, at one rate of application each. Nitrogen fertilizers used were urea in experiment 1 and ammonium nitrate in the other two experiments; P was applied as triple superphosphate in all three experiments. In general, fertilization changed levels of some plant-tissue nutrients of the pole-size trees and potted seedlings. Neither height nor basal-area growth of the trees was significantly affected by any of the fertilization treatments in the first two experiments. Seedling growth of both Douglas-fir and western hemlock was dramatically improved by the P fertilizer, but was negatively affected by the N fertilizer. Results clearly show differences between pole-size trees and seedlings in response to N and P fertilizers. They also suggest that N not be applied where soils are high in N and low in P and that P applications be confined to sites with low-P soils, when trees are young, before canopy closure.

scholarly journals Fertilizing Lychee Plants with Phosphorus at Time of Planting in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Ancélio Ricardo de Oliveira Gondim ◽  
Marcus André Ribeiro Correia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Second Year ◽  
P Fertilizers

The objective of this research was to study the effects of P fertilizers applied at time of planting on lychees’ nutritional status and on plant growth. The treatments consisted of five doses of P: zero, 50, 100, 200, and 300 g of P2O5per plant, furnished by triple superphosphate. Plant diameter was evaluated during two years and the plants’ nutritional status on the second year. The second year foliar levels of macro and micronutrients (with the exception of Zn) were increased by the P fertilizer. The orchard’s initial development, especially during the second year, was also influenced by the fertilizer. The P doses of 164 and 158 g of P2O5per plant resulted in the largest plant diameter after the first and the second year, respectively. These doses were found to be associated with a foliar P level of <1.4 g kg−1.

scholarly journals Soybean yield in response to application of phosphate rock associated with triple superphosphate

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Luís Ignácio Prochnow ◽  
Dirceu Klepker
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Fixation Capacity ◽  
Relative Solubility

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) crop started to be planted in the Brazilian Cerrado in the 1970's, and this region currently contributes with 57% of total soybean production in Brazil. Under natural conditions in this region, the soils present chemical limitations such as low pH, low Cation Exchange Capacity, low nutrient availability, and moreover, clayey soils have a high P fixation capacity mainly due to high contents of Fe/Al oxides. Since P is the most limiting nutrient is this region, a study was performed in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, in a Typic Hapludox, with clayey texture and low available P (extracted by resin). Treatments were defined to evaluate soybean response to broadcast Arad phosphate rock (PR) plus banded triple superphosphate (TSP) and to evaluate the soybean response to three proportions of PR and TSP. The experiment was established in October 2004 and was carried out for three consecutive crop years (2004/05 to 2006/07). The associated use of PR and TSP, in several situations, resulted in yields at least similar to that obtained with the use of the water soluble P source and, in some cases, even using lower P rates. Regarding the "mixtures", a linear response was observed when they were banded; however, when they were broadcasted, no increase in yield was observed above 50% of relative solubility. In conclusion, the association of sources differing in solubility may be a feasible agronomic option for P fertilizer management of soybeans.

scholarly journals Exploring phosphorus fertilizers and fertilization strategies for improved human and environmental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem S. Bindraban ◽  
Christian O. Dimkpa ◽  
Renu Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Fertilizers

AbstractMineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers support high crop yields and contribute to feeding the teeming global population. However, complex edaphic processes cause P to be immobilized in soil, hampering its timely and sufficient availability for uptake by plants. The resultant low use efficiency of current water-soluble P fertilizers creates significant environmental and human health problems. Current practices to increase P use efficiency have been inadequate to curtail these problems. We advocate for the understanding of plant physiological processes, such as physiological P requirement, storage of excess P as phytate, and plant uptake mechanisms, to identify novel ways of designing and delivering P fertilizers to plants for improved uptake. We note the importance and implications of the contrasting role of micronutrients such as zinc and iron in stimulating P availability under low soil P content, while inhibiting P uptake under high P fertilization; this could provide an avenue for managing P for plant use under different P fertilization regimes. We argue that the improvement of the nutritional value of crops, especially cereals, through reduced phytic acid and increased zinc and iron contents should be among the most important drivers toward the development of innovative fertilizer products and fertilization technologies. In this paper, we present various pathways in support of this argument. Retuning P fertilizer products and application strategies will contribute to fighting hunger and micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Moreover, direct soil P losses will be reduced as a result of improved P absorption by plants.

Influence of intra-row plant spacing, phosphorus application and growth stage on the forage, seed yields and quality of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides) in subhumid area of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. T. Omokanye ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
S. O. Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Forage, seed yields and herbage chemical composition of phasey bean Macroptilium lathyroides) were investigated at 3 intra-row plant spacings (15, 30 and 45cm between plants; 50 cm between roms), 4 phosphorus (P) fertilizer application rates (O), 50, 100 and 750 kg/ha P) and 5 harvest stages (uncut control, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks post sowing) in two growing seasons at Shika in northern Nigeria. The least intra-row plant spacing (15cm) produced higher (p<0.01) total DM vield (1.50 t/ha) than wider spacings. The proportion of leaf was least (40 %) in the widest spacing compared with other spacings (59-62 %). The P-fertilized plots produced 58-60% more total DM vields than the unfertilized plots and total DM yields increased with advanced plant growth. The highest percentage (61-63) of leaf was recorded from 6 to 12 weeks post sowing. Nitrogen level in herbage increased (p<0.05) with increased intra-row plant spacing and P application. Phosphorus and Calcium. Levels in herbage did not respond to intra-row plant spacing but increased with P application. The Ca:P ratios at the harvest stages were between 1:1 and 6:1. The highest seed yields (198 and 188 kg/ha) were recorded respectiely in the least intra-row plant spacing and the application of 100 kg Piha. Supplementation of calves on grasses/cereal stovers with phasey bean hay in a sustainable crop livestock production systems is suggested.

Sulfur and phosphorus dynamics in an acid soil/crop system

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Santoso ◽  
RDB Lefroy ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Weathered Soil ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
S Fertilizers ◽  
P Fertilizers

The objective of this study was to evaluate different methods, forms, and times of sulfur fertilizer application on a highly weathered soil under different rates of added lime and phosphorus. A pot experiment was conducted using a medium phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) sorbing red earth (Haplohumult) of pH (1:1 H2O) 4.9 soil. The experiment was carried out using an incomplete factorial combination of two rates of lime (0 and the equivalent of 1.5 x exchangeable Al), three rates of phosphorus (0, 10 and 30 �g P/g soil), two sources of sulfur fertilizer [elemental S (ES) and gypsum (GS)], two methods of placement of sulfur fertilizer (mixed with or separated from the P fertilizer), and two different times of sulfur application (ail treatments applied as a basal dressing and a split application, half applied as a basal and half applied 14 days after planting). Three treatments with P only (0, 10 and 30 �g P/g soil) were added as a check for S responses Liming had no effect on crop yield or S and P dynamics. The experiment demonstrated that movement and leaching losses of applied S fertilizers, and thus their efficiency, were not only determined by soil properties but also influenced by form, rate and time of application of the S fertilizers, and their placement relative to the placement of P fertilizer. In addition, the mobility and effectiveness of S fertilizers was affected by the S requirement of the plants and the fate of P fertilizer application. Gypsum provided available S immediately and thus was advantageous for rapidly growing corn. However, the immediate availability of sulfate-S from gypsum resulted in considerably higher amounts of S being lost by leaching, ranging from 2.2% to 15.7% of the applied S. On the other hand, the application of elemental S resulted in lower S losses by leaching (<1%), but the amounts of S taken up by the plant from the elemental S fertilizer were also lower, especially if the fertilizer was applied in a split application. The mixing of S and P fertilizers increased the effectiveness of gypsum and, more particularly, elemental S fertilizer. Mixing 30 �g P/g soil with a single application of elemental S increased fertilizer S uptake by the whole plant from 2.7% to 12.4%. The advantage of mixing S and P fertilizers has important agronomic implications, and suggests that combined S/P fertilizers should be investigated further on weathered soils.

Field studies of cadmium in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) I. Effects of lime and phosphorus on cv. Russet Burbank

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
AA Salardini ◽  
AC Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Cd Availability

Field experiments were conducted at three sites on basaltic krasnozems to examine cadmium (Cd) responses of Russet Burbank potatoes to different rates of broadcast lime and banded phosphorus (P). Double superphosphate (DSP, containing 15 and 90 mg Cd kg-1) and triple superphosphate (TSP, 12 mg Cd kg-1)) were the sources of P. In a fourth experiment, lime was banded with the basal fertilizer. Despite producing a range of topsoil pH (1:5 H20) of 5.2 to 7.1, broadcast lime had no effect on tuber Cd concentrations. Lime had no effect when banded with the basal fertilizer, and the practice did not adversely affect yields. With broadcast lime, Cd availability from the fertilizer band may have been unaffected. However, there were also no lime x P interactions at any site, suggesting that lime also had no effect on the availability of Cd in the soil. It is possible that Tasmanian krasnozems, with their high organic matter and iron oxide content, restrict the availability of Cd in the soil such that pH change exerts little net influence on Cd availability. Increasing amounts of Cd applied in P fertilizer increased tuber Cd concentrations significantly, but the increases were less per unit of P than those found previously when TSP with 151 mg Cd kg-1) was used.

scholarly journals Estimating Arsenic Mobility and Phytotoxicity Using Two Different Phosphorous Fertilizer Release Rates in Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Suk Kim ◽  
Hyun-Gi Min ◽  
Jeong-Gyu Kim ◽  
Sang-Ryong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
P Fertilizer

Deficiencies in phosphorus (P), an essential factor for plant growth and aided phytostabilization, are commonly observed in soil, especially near mining areas. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of P-based fertilizer types on arsenic (As) extractability and phytotoxicity in As-contaminated soil after stabilizer treatment. Different treatments with respect to the P-releasing characteristics were applied to soil to determine As mobility and phytotoxicity in P-based fertilizers, with bone meal as a slow-releasing P fertilizer and fused superphosphate as a fast-releasing P fertilizer. In addition, P fertilizers were used to enhance plant growth, and two types of iron (Fe)-based stabilizers (steel slang and acid mine drainage sludge) were also used to reduce As mobility in As-contaminated soil under lab-scale conditions. A water-soluble extraction was conducted to determine As and P extractability. A phytotoxicity test using bok choy (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Jusl.) was performed to assess the elongation and accumulation of As and P. Within a single treatment, the As stabilization was higher in steel slag (84%) than in acid mine drainage sludge (27%), and the P supply effect was higher in fused superphosphate (24740%) than in bone meal (160%) compared to the control. However, a large dose of fused superphosphate (2%) increased not only the water-soluble P, but also the water-soluble As, and consequently, increased As uptake by bok choy roots, leading to phytotoxicity. In combined treatments, the tendency towards change was similar to that of the single treatment, but the degree of change was decreased compared to the single treatment, thereby decreasing the risk of phytotoxicity. In particular, the toxicity observed in the fused superphosphate treatments did not appear in the bone meal treatment, but rather the growth enhancement effect appeared. These results indicate that the simultaneous application of bone meal and stabilizers might be proposed and could effectively increase plant growth via the stabilization of As and supplementation with P over the long term.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document