scholarly journals Specific parameters for formation of the tuberculosis risk group among children with HIV infection in a big city

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
L. F. Shamuratova ◽  
T. A. Sevostyanova ◽  
A. I. Mazus ◽  
E. V. Tsyganova ◽  
E. M. Serebryakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevention ◽  
Big City ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Tuberculosis Risk

The objective of the study: to establish specific parameters for formation of tuberculosis risk group in HIV positive children of 0-17 years old in order to plan tuberculosis prevention activities.Subjects and methods. The main statistical rates on tuberculosis, HIV infection and their combination in children of 0-17 years old for 2009-2018 were studied. All new cases of TB/HIV co-infection were analyzed in children of 0-17 years old in Moscow for 2004-2018.Results. While the incidence of tuberculosis and HIV infection among children has been decreasing in Moscow over a 10-year period (2009-2018), the group with advanced risk to develop tuberculosis due to HIV infection is growing, both due to children born by HIV positive women (by 1.8 times), and children with confirmed HIV infection (by 2.1 times), which is partly explained by intensive migration in the big city.In the structure of the followed up of children with HIV infection, it has been established that the number and proportion of the following categories tend to grow: children above 8 years old; those at the stage of secondary diseases and advanced stages of HIV infection; and migrants from other regions.In 2004-2018, the combination of tuberculosis and HIV infection was detected most often among children aged 8-11 years (14/34; 41.2%), who had not previously been tested for HIV infection, and among people who had lived outside of Moscow before the disease was detected (16/34; 47.1%). The most severe forms of HIV/TB co-infection including fatal ones, were also observed among children from the migrant population without regular medical follow-up.

scholarly journals Rates of cardiovascular events and deaths are associated with advanced stages of HIV-infection: results of the HIV HEART study 7, 5 year follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 19542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Esser ◽  
Lewin Eisele ◽  
Birte Schwarz ◽  
Christina Schulze ◽  
Volker Holzendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Advanced Stages

scholarly journals Describing Point of Entry into Care and Being Lost to Program in a Cohort of HIV Positive Pregnant Women in a Large Urban Centre in Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Musomba ◽  
Frank Mubiru ◽  
Shadia Nakalema ◽  
Hope Mackline ◽  
Ivan Kalule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Older Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

Introduction. We aim to describe the time of entry into care and factors associated with being lost to program (LTP) in pregnant women on Option B Plus in an integrated HIV and antenatal care (ANC) clinic in Uganda. Methods. We included all pregnant women enrolled into the integrated HIV-ANC clinic from January 2012 to 31st July 2014, while the follow up period extended up to October 30th 2015. LTP was defined as being out of care for ≥3 months. Results. Overall 856 women were included. Only 36.4% (86/236) of the women were enrolled in the first trimester. Overall 69 (8.1%) were LTP. In the multivariate analysis older women (HR: 0.80 per five-year increase, CI: 0.64–1.0, and P=0.060) and women on ART at the time of pregnancy (0.58, CI: 0.34–0.98, and P=0.040) were more likely not to be LTP. Among women already on ART at the time of pregnancy no factor was associated with LTP. Conclusion. Our results suggest the need for interventions to enhance prompt linkage of HIV positive women to HIV services for ART initiation and for increased retention particularly in young and ART naive women.

Successful Community Follow-up and Reduced Recidivism in HIV Positive Women Prisoners

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Y. Kim ◽  
Josiah Rich ◽  
Sally Zierler ◽  
Kevin Lourie ◽  
Kevin Vigilante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women Prisoners ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

scholarly journals Challenges in Assessing Outcomes among Infants of Pregnant HIV-Positive Women Receiving ART in Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Barbara Castelnuovo ◽  
Frank Mubiru ◽  
Ivan Kalule ◽  
Shadia Nakalema ◽  
Agnes Kiragga
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

Since 2012, the WHO recommends lifelong ART with TDF+FTC/3TC+EFV for all HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women (Option B-plus). In this analysis we describe the proportion of early and late transmission in mothers with high retention in Kampala, Uganda. We included 700 pregnant women from January 2012 to August 2014 with a follow-up extended to August 2016; the median age was 31 years (IQR: 26–35), 36.3% in WHO stage 3/4; median CD4 count was 447 cells/μL (IQR: 301–651) and 73.3% were already on ART for a median time of 28 (IQR: 10–57) months; 52% infants were male and median weight was 3.2 Kg (IQR: 2.5–3.5). Five hundred and sixty-five (80.7%) infants had at least one test for HIV; 22 (3.1%) infants died, all with unknown serostatus; 3 tested positive at week 6 and one additional at months 12 and 18. Two of the mothers of the 4 HIV-positive infants were ART-naïve at the time of pregnancy. We report very low documented HIV transmission comparable with those reported in clinical trials settings; however, demonstrating the efficacy of Option B-plus in terms of averted transmission in routine settings is challenging since high proportion of infants do not have documented HIV tests.

Emotional deficit: an adaptative and evolutive process in HIV infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bungener ◽  
JJ Lefrère ◽  
D Widlöcher ◽  
R Jouvent
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Hiv Negative ◽  
Asymptomatic Hiv

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to evaluate emotional disturbances and psychopathological symptoms in early stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Seventy-one homosexual subjects, positive to HIV and two groups of HIV-negative subjects (32 homosexuals and 26 heterosexuals) were evaluated in a semi-structured interview by two trained raters. The results showed the presence of emotional perturbations already in asymptomatic HIV-positive individuals even in the absence of caracterized depression and/or anxiety. This emotional deficit seemed to be more important in more advanced stages of the disease. Depressive and anxious symptoms appeared to be slightly but significantly present in both groups of homosexual men. This emotional deficit could be the reflect of an adaptative process to the threatening consequences of HIV-infection. Emotional perturbations, even mild should not be neglected, because their reduction contributes to the psychological well being of HIV-positive subjects.

scholarly journals A prospective study of demographic features and quality of life in HIV-positive women with cervical cancer treated at Tygerberg Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Du Toit ◽  
Martin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Eortc Qlq C30 ◽  
Eortc Qlq ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) both have a high incidence in South Africa. Cervical cancer treatment of HIV-positive women poses challenges. Treatment-related changes in quality of life (QOL) of such women are important to future treatment protocols.Aim: To examine demographic data of HIV-negative and HIV-positive women at diagnosis of cervical cancer and describe their changes in QOL as a result of treatment.Methods and materials: All newly diagnosed patients with cervical cancer at Tygerberg Hospital were approached to participate in the study. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Cervix Cancer Module (QLQ-CX24) were used. General QOL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and cervical-specific QOL with the QLQ-CX24 questionnaire. The patients completed the questionnaire at diagnosis, on completion of treatment and at 3 months’ follow-up.Results: The study included a total of 221 women of whom 22% were HIV-positive; the latter were younger and of higher educational level than the rest. Mean monthly income and stage distribution was similar between the two groups. HIV-positive patients underwent radiation therapy more commonly than chemoradiation. HIV-positive women showed statistically significantly higher loss to follow-up during the study. HIV-positive women experienced no improvement in insomnia, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, social role or any of the sexual domains. In contrast, HIV-negative women experienced statistically significant improvement in all sexual domains other than sexual/vaginal functioning. The QOL improvement of HIV-negative women was statistically significantly greater than their HIV-positive counterparts in the majority of QOL domains. Global health improved in both groups, with HIV-negative women experiencing greater improvement. HIV-positive women experienced an initial decline of peripheral neuropathy (PN) symptoms post treatment with a return to pretreatment values at 3 months’ follow-up. The change in PN was statistically significant between the HIV-negative and HIV-positive women.Conclusion: Demographic differences exist between the HIV-negative and HIV-positive groups. The differential outcome in the QOL of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women treated for cervical cancer might be related to persistence of AIDS-related symptoms on completion of cervical cancer treatment.

Gestational trophoblastic syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: A retrospective analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moodley ◽  
J. Moodley
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sub Saharan

The appropriate management of gynecological malignancies in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is not established. To date the reported literature on the subject consists mainly of case reports. Due to the increasing prevalence of HIV infection, especially in sub-Saharan countries, the chances of finding both conditions in the same patient has produced management and ethical dilemmas. This retrospective study describes the management of 12 HIV-infected patients and compares their outcome with 29 non HIV-infected patients. The mean age of the non HIV-infected patients was 30 years (range 16–56 years), while the mean age of the HIV-infected patients was 32 years (range 20–47 years). In terms of risk factors, there were 72% of non HIV-infected women in the high-risk category compared to 50% of HIV-infected women (P = 0.468). All patients who received treatment had CD4 counts greater than 200 cells/μl. Two HIV-infected women who did not receive any form of chemotherapy due to low CD4 counts (41 cells/μl and 84 cells/μl) demised of their disease. The majority of women (86% non HIV-infected & 90% HIV-infected) received lfewer than 10 cycles of chemotherapy to attain cure. Most side effects were minor. None of the HIV-infected patients who received chemotherapy demised of their disease. In total, irrespective of risk category, there were 38 patients (93%) who were cured of their disease by chemotherapy including 10 HIV-positive patients. All patients were alive and free of disease at their last follow-up visit. Although the numbers are small, it is proposed that HIV-infected patients with choriocarcinoma and a reasonable degree of CD4 counts (>200cells/μl) should receive standard therapy.

scholarly journals Predictors of overall mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil, 2007-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Santos ◽  
R A Ribeiro ◽  
C Protopopescu ◽  
M Nishimwe ◽  
I Yaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
National Database ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Overall Mortality ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background In Brazil there are 926,742 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Despite the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1996 and treatment for all in 2014, mortality has increased in some regions. This study aimed to estimate the factors associated with overall mortality in PLWHA to recommend public health actions. Methods We studied PLWHA aged ≥18 years old, followed-up from 2007 to 2015 in the universal health system in Brazil. We used a national database (disease reporting, laboratory tests, ART and death notifications). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox model were used in survival analysis. The outcome was all-cause deaths. The explanatory variables measured at baseline were sociodemographic characteristics, HIV transmission mode and coinfections by hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV). The time-varying variables were CD4 cell count, viral load (VL) and ART status. Results Study population (n = 411,281) was mainly male (61%), under 40 years old (61%), Caucasian (37%), with basic education (43%), heterosexual HIV-infection mode (41%), resident in Southeast region (48%). The co-infection rate was 2.5% for HCV, and 1.4% for HBV. Median time to ART initiation was 83 days. During the follow-up period (median: 4 years), 61,757 deaths occurred (6% HCV-coinfected and 2% HBV-coinfected). The global mortality rate was 3.44 [95% confidence interval: 3.42-3.47] per 100 person-years (PY) during 1,793,417 PY. The factors associated with increased mortality in multivariable analyses were male gender, age over 40, non-Caucasian race, HIV infection by drug use, resident in North, Northeast and South regions, HCV and HBV coinfection, VL ≥ 200 copies/mL and starting ART with CD4<200 cells/mm3. Conclusions Although PLWHA start ART in less than 3 months after the beginning of follow-up, there is still late treatment (at CD4<200 cells/mm3). Screening should target all populations regardless of risk group. Coinfected individuals should also be early treated for HCV and HBV infections. Key messages The results of our study show that all populations should be target for HIV screening regardless of risk group. PLWHA coinfected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C should be also early treated for hepatitis coinfections.

FDG-PET for Staging and Follow-up of HIV-Infected Patients with Non Hodgkin Lymphoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Single Center Experience.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 5014-5014
Author(s):  
Silvia Cantoni ◽  
Erika Ravelli ◽  
Maria Cristina Moioli ◽  
Chiara Rusconi ◽  
Vittorio Ruggero Zilioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Abstract 5014 Introduction Risk of developing non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) is known to be increased among patients (pts) infected by HIV-1 and sporadic non-HIV related cases of Hodgking lymphomas (HL) are also described. HIV-positive pts also feature a virus-related systemic lymphoadenopathy which makes nodal involvement by lymphoma difficult to evaluate using conventional imaging. The role of positron-emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) in the staging and evaluation of response to treatment of pts with NHL and HL is well established in immunocompetent pts, while only limited information is available on lymphomas arising in the setting of HIV infection. We report on a retrospective analysis of FDG-PET results in a group of HIV pts with lymphoma, both NHL and HL, followed-up at our hospital. Patients and methods Twelve HIV-positive male pts with a diagnosis of lymphoma (7 high grade and 1 follicular NHL, 4 HL) underwent a total of 22 PET scans. PET results were compared with those obtained by computed tomography (CT). Nine PET were performed at staging, 7 at restaging following chemotherapy, and 6 at follow-up. At diagnosis of lymphoma: median CD4 count was 200 cells/mcL (range 98-451); HIV genome was undetectable in 5/9 pts, in the remaining 4 pts for whom the data was available viral loads ranged from 103 to 1,452,720 copies/mL; 10/12 pts were already receiving HAART, while the remaining 2 pts started treatment upon diagnosis of lymphoma. Results In the majority of cases (17/22 = 77%) results of PET, CT scan and clinical status were concordant, being diagnostic of either lymphoma presence (11/17) or absence (6/17). No false positive results were recorded at follow-up. In 5/22 cases (23%) PET and CT scan were discordant. In 4 cases PET yielded a false negative result; in 2 cases at diagnosis (2 pts with HL) and in 2 cases at follow-up (both in the pt with follicular lymphoma). In the remaining case, a PET-negative CT-positive adenopathy was demonstrated which proved to be reactive in nature at biopsy. Discussion Our results suggest that FDG-PET is useful in the evaluation of lymphoma in the setting of HIV infection, similarly to what has been observed among immunocompetent pts. Although the number of patients is limited, in our experience PET proved to be able to discriminate between reactive and lymphomatous involvement of lymphoid tissue as demonstrated by absence of false positive results in pts evaluated at follow-up. These results need to be confirmed by larger clinical trials. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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