MENCEGAH PENULARAN TB PARU DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 BAGI PENGUNJUNG PUSKESMAS LEGOK, TANGERANG, BANTEN

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by TB bacteria (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis), where most of the TB bacteria attack the lungs, but can also affect other body organs. Based on data from WHO in 2020 in Southeast Asia, Tuberculosis sufferers are estimated to reach 4.3 million and around 632,000 people died from this disease. The estimated number of tuberculosis cases in Indonesia in 2020 is 845,000 cases with the number of deaths caused by this disease as many as 13,947 cases. In Tangerang district there were 6,089/100,000 new tuberculosis cases detected. The symptoms such as a persistent cough that lasts more than 3 weeks and usually brings up phlegm, which may be bloody, weight loss, night sweats, high temperature, tiredness and fatigue, loss of appetite, swellings in the neck.The purpose of this devotional activity is to increase the knowledge of tuberculosis and the way to prevent for the community in the working area of Legok Health Center.This method of devotion is done by collecting data through pre-tests before extension activities and workshops and then post test after activities. The data obtained is processed statistically. Counseling is an extension on tuberculosis prevention efforts and workshops on how to ethically cough and the use of good and correct masks to the community in the work area of Legok Health Center.Results data processing results from pre-test, post-test and education about TB prevention efforts obtained post-test values >70 in 95% of respondents with an average value of 85.5. The results of cough ethics workshops and the use of masks 100% participants can be accompanied by the distribution of masks.Conclusion after counseling and workshops there is an increase in knowledge and ability to perform cough ethics and the use of masks that are good and correct. This effort can be done continuously so that the goal of reducing the incidence of tuberculosis can be achieved.Latar belakang tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh kuman TB (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis), dimana sebagian besar kuman TB menyerang paru-paru, tetapi dapat juga mengenai organ tubuh lainnya. Berdasarkan data WHO tahun 2020 di Asia Tenggara penderita tuberkulosis diperkirakan mencapai 4,3 juta dan sekitar 632.000 orang meninggal diakibatkan penyakit ini. Estimasi kasus tuberkulosis di Indonesia pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 845.000 kasus dengan jumlah kematian yang diakibatkan oleh penyakit ini sebanyak 13.947 kasus. Pada kabupaten Tangerang terdapat 6.089/100.000 kasus tuberkulosis baru yang terdeteksi. Penyakit ini menimbulkan berbagai gejala seperti: Batuk >3 minggu terkadang bercampur darah, penurunan berat badan, berkeringat malam hari, demam dan mengigil, lemas, penurunan nafsu makan, pembengkakn di sekitar leher.Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini untuk meningkatkan penegtahuan tentang tuberkulosis dan cara-cara pencegahannya di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Legok.Metode pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data melalui pre test saat sebelum kegiatan penyuluhan dan workshop kemudian post test setelah kegiatan. Data yang diperoleh diolah secara statistik. Penyuluhan yang dilakukan adalah penyuluhan tentang upaya pencegahan tuberkulosis dan workshop cara etikda batuk serta penggunaan masker yang baik dan benar kepada masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Legok.Hasil pengolahan data dari pre-test, post-test dan edukasi mengenai upaya pencegahan TB diperoleh nilai post-test nilainya >70 pada 95% responden dengan nilai rerata 85,5. Hasil workshop etika batuk dan penggunaan masker 100% peserta dapat disertai dengan pembagian masker. Kesimpulan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan dan workshop terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan melakukan etika batuk dan penggunaan masker yang baik dan benar. Upaya ini dapat dilakukan secara berkesinambungan agar tujuan menurunkan angka kejadian tuberkulosis dapat dicapai.

Evaluation of the Tuberculosis Prevention Program in the Discovery of Tuberculosis Cases in Nosara Public Health Center Palu City

BACKGROUNDS: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The case in Indonesia rank third with the highest number of TB case in the world. There were 511,873 cases of tuberculosis of all types in 2018. Based on data from the Palu Health Office, the TB cases in Palu in 2018 were still high numbered 557 cases. In 2019, Nosarara Public Health Center had the lowest case finding among the 13 health centers in Palu with 17 TB case findings. The absence of a laboratory in Nosarara Public Health Center for examining sputum samples affected the output in program implementation. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the Control of Tuberculosis in the Discovery of Tuberculosis Cases in Nosarara Public Health Center Palu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research used qualitative method with a case study approach. The research informants were 6 people selected through purposive sampling technique. RESULTS: The results summarizes the following : the input aspect in terms of human resources in quantity and quality is inadequate because TB program holders have multiple tasks so that they are not maximal in carrying out their duties and have never attended training, sufficient funds, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and methods according to guidelines. CONCLUSION: The process of planning, organizing, implementing and supervising has not been maximal, meanwile the output of TB case detection (22%) has not yet reached the predetermined target (80%).It is expected that the Public Health Center will add more health personnel, complete facilities and infrastructure in order to maximize program implementation to achieve predetermined targets.

Family Attitudes and Behavior toward Tuberculosis Prevention in the Lembang Health Center Area, West Sulawesi, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: People mostly have the perception that tuberculosis is an unexpected disease to occur because it greatly hinders family development. The existence of this disease tends to break social interaction. This perception will affect the attitudes and behavior of those who will prevent this disease from occurring in their families and environment. AIM: This study aimed to determine the correlation between family attitudes and behavior with efforts to prevent infectious tuberculosis disease in the work area of Lembang Public Health, Majene, West Sulawesi. METHODS: This quantitative research was conducted through a cross-sectional approach. Based on total sampling, as many as 31 respondents who were part of families with tuberculosis were involved as samples. RESULTS: The bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test showed that the correlation between attitudes and TB prevention had a p = 0.301 (⍺ = 0.05). Then, the correlation of behavior with TB prevention had a p = 0.413 (⍺ = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thus, no significant correlation was identified between family attitudes and behavior toward tuberculosis prevention.

Sustaining Togetherness; Family Engagement in Tuberculosis Prevention in Children Living in Tuberculosis Households in Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Preventing tuberculosis (TB) in children needs the family to be engaged; however, limited studies about how the family engages in TB prevention. AIM: This aimed of study was to develop the process of family engagement in TB prevention for children with household contact of TB patient. METHODS: Guided by Straussian grounded theory, we developed a substantive theory from 14 primary caregivers in West Java-Indonesia as the key participants of families whose child ≤5 years old received TB screening and preventive therapy, and have had an adult in the household with active TB diagnosis. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and analyzed by coding procedures. RESULTS: Sustaining togetherness aimed to maintain the children’s health, which underpinned three main stages that consisted of “moving from fear to realization,” “making the family’s collective decision,” and “holding on together.” CONCLUSION: Implications for nursing practice in providing optimum care of preventing TB among children through engagement of family.

Perspectives for systems biology in the management of tuberculosis

Standardised management of tuberculosis may soon be replaced by individualised, precision medicine-guided therapies informed with knowledge provided by the field of systems biology. Systems biology is a rapidly expanding field of computational and mathematical analysis and modelling of complex biological systems that can provide insights into mechanisms underlying tuberculosis, identify novel biomarkers, and help to optimise prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. These advances are critically important in the context of the evolving epidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Here, we review the available evidence on the role of systems biology approaches – human and mycobacterial genomics and transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics/metabolomics, immunophenotyping, systems pharmacology and gut microbiomes – in the management of tuberculosis including prediction of risk for disease progression, severity of mycobacterial virulence and drug resistance, adverse events, comorbidities, response to therapy and treatment outcomes. Application of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach demonstrated that at present most of the studies provide “very low” certainty of evidence for answering clinically relevant questions. Further studies in large prospective cohorts of patients, including randomised clinical trials, are necessary to assess the applicability of the findings in tuberculosis prevention and more efficient clinical management of patients.