scholarly journals Effect of the Movement Control Order on the Incidence of Complicated Appendicitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Hamzah Sukiman ◽  
◽  
Abdul Malek Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Nasution Raduan ◽  
Mohd Nur Afiq Mohd Yasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complicated Appendicitis ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prolonged Length ◽  
Control Order

Background: Appendicitis is common and delayed presentation results in complicated appendicitis with increased morbidity. This study investigates the effect of the Movement Control Order (MCO) during the COVID-19 pandemic on the presentation and severity of appendicitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 193 patients diagnosed with appendicitis was conducted at four hospitals in Pahang, Malaysia. Those who presented between 1 February 2020 and 17 March 2020 were included in the pre-MCO group and those between 18 March 2020 and 30 April 2020 in the MCO group. The definitions of simple and complicated appendicitis were based on the Sunshine Appendicitis Grading Score. The primary outcome was the incidence of complicated appendicitis, and the secondary outcomes were length of stay, a composite of surgical morbidities and a composite of organ failure. Results: A total of 105 patients in the pre-MCO group and 88 in the MCO group were analysed. The incidence of complicated appendicitis was 33% and it was higher in the MCO than in the pre-MCO group (44% versus 23%, P = 0.002). The MCO period was independently associated with complicated appendicitis in the logistic regression (P = 0.001). It was also associated with prolonged length of stay (3.5 days versus 2.4 days, P < 0.001) and higher overall surgical morbidity (19% versus 5%, P = 0.002). Conclusion: The MCO imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a higher incidence of complicated appendicitis and surgical morbidity.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Maternal Psychological Wellbeing During the Malaysian Movement Control Order: A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Kalok ◽  
Syarifah Aminah Syed Anwar Aly ◽  
Rahana Abdul Rahman ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
Shalisah Sharip
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Anxiety ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Maternal Wellbeing

Background: COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in nationwide lockdown as a disease control measure. Potential harm to self and baby due to COVID-19 infection as well as uncertainties about delivery are among contributors to maternal anxiety. We aimed to assess the prevalence of psychological distress among pregnant women during the Malaysian Movement Control Order (MCO).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2020 in a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A self-administered electronic questionnaire was distributed which included the following; (1) Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS 21), (2) Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS), (3) MCO effect questionnaire, and (4) newly designed COVID-19 pregnancy-related anxiety. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to determine significant associations whilst mean scores comparison were conducted through Mann-Whitney-U-test.Results: Four hundred and fifteen women were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of psychological distress among our cohort was 14.7%; with a two-fold increase of risk among the non-Malays (AOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.00–3.89) whilst a greater number of social support showed a protective effect (AOR 0.51, 95%CI 0.28–0.92). Malay ethnicity (p &lt; 0.001) alongside greater household income (p = 0.014) were positive predictors of a higher sense of maternal wellbeing. Multiparous women and those of higher economic status experienced the more negative effect of the MCO. Around 88% of our women reported a higher level of COVID-19 pregnancy-related anxiety. Younger (p = 0.017) and first-time mothers (p = 0.039) were more likely to be anxious. Although adequate maternal knowledge on COVID-19 was associated with a greater sense of maternal wellbeing (p = 0.028), it was also linked to a higher level of COVID-19 related anxiety (AOR 3.54, 95% 1.29–9.70).Conclusion: There was a relatively low prevalence of psychological distress among expectant mothers in Malaysia during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Expectant mothers should receive accurate and reliable information on the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy to relieve some maternal anxiety. Maternal health screening is important to identify individuals who would benefit from extra support and mental health intervention, especially in prolonged lockdown.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors, and a cost-effectiveness evaluation of screening and preventive treatment strategies for latent tuberculosis among migrants in Singapore

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e050629
Author(s):  
Vanessa W Lim ◽  
Hwee Lin Wee ◽  
Phoebe Lee ◽  
Yijun Lin ◽  
Yi Roe Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ltbi Prevalence ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesWHO recommends that low burden countries consider systematic screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in migrants from high incidence countries. We aimed to determine LTBI prevalence and risk factors and evaluate cost-effectiveness of screening and treating LTBI in migrants to Singapore from a government payer perspective.DesignCross-sectional study and cost-effectiveness analysis.SettingMigrants in Singapore.Participants3618 migrants who were between 20 and 50 years old, have not worked in Singapore previously and stayed in Singapore for less than a year were recruited.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCosts, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), threshold length of stay, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), cost per active TB case averted.ResultsOf 3584 migrants surveyed, 20.4% had positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results, with the highest positivity in Filipinos (33.2%). Higher LTBI prevalence was significantly associated with age, marital status and past TB exposure. The cost-effectiveness model projected an ICER of S$57 116 per QALY and S$12 422 per active TB case averted for screening and treating LTBI with 3 months once weekly isoniazid and rifapentine combination regimen treatment compared with no screening over a 50-year time horizon. ICER was most sensitive to the cohort’s length of stay in Singapore, yearly disease progression rates from LTBI to active TB, followed by the cost of IGRA testing.ConclusionsFor LTBI screening and treatment of migrants to be cost-effective, migrants from high burden countries would have to stay in Singapore for ~50 years. Risk-stratified approaches based on projected length of stay and country of origin and/or age group can be considered.

scholarly journals Differences in Results and Related Factors between Hospital-At-Home Modalities in Catalonia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Jorge Arias-de la Torre ◽  
Evangelia Anna María Zioga ◽  
Lizza Macorigh ◽  
Laura Muñoz ◽  
Oriol Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Hospital At Home ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
At Home

Hospital-at-home (HaH) is a healthcare modality that provides active treatment by healthcare staff in the patient’s home for a condition that would otherwise require hospitalization. The aims were to describe the characteristics of different types of hospital-at-home (HaH), assess their results, and examine which factors could be related to these results. A cross-sectional study based on data from all 2014 HaH contacts from Catalonia was designed. The following HaH modalities were considered—admission avoidance (n = 7214; 75.1%) and early assisted discharge (n = 2387; 24.9%). The main outcome indicators were readmission, mortality, and length of stay (days). Multivariable models were fitted to assess the association between explanatory factors and outcomes. Hospital admission avoidance is a scheme in which, instead of being admitted to acute care hospitals, patients are directly treated in their own homes. Early assisted discharge is a scheme in which hospital in-care patients continue their treatment at home. In the hospital avoidance modality, there were 8.3% readmissions, 0.9% mortality, and a mean length of stay (SD) of 9.6 (10.6) days. In the early assisted discharge modality, these figures were 7.9%, 0.5%, and 9.8 (11.1), respectively. In both modalities, readmission and mean length of stay were related to comorbidity and type of hospital, and mortality with age. The results of HaH in Catalonia are similar to those observed in other contexts. The factors related to these results identified might help to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the different HaH modalities.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between poverty and length of stay: a repeated cross-sectional study of paediatric hospitalisations in Chile

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e034512
Author(s):  
Florencia Borrescio-Higa ◽  
Dominiquo Santistevan
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo measure poverty-based disparities in inpatient length of stay for paediatric hospitalisations. In particular, this paper examines the relationship between municipality level poverty rates and length of stay, accounting for individual level characteristics.DesignWe use patient discharge data to conduct a repeated cross-sectional study of the totality of paediatric hospitalisations in 15 regions of Chile, in the years 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017.SettingAll hospital discharges in 15 regions of Chile.Participants1 033 222 discharges for children under the age of 15, between 2011 and 2017.Outcome measuresLength of stay (LOS); LOS by type of insurance and type of hospital; hospitalisation rates; municipality-level average LOS.ResultsWe find that municipality level poverty rates are a significant predictor of LOS, even after controlling for individual and area level characteristics, including type of insurance. Children from municipalities in the poorest quintile have a LOS that is 14% shorter as compared with children from municipalities in the richest quintile. This relationship is stronger for publicly insured children: the decrease in LOS associated with the same poverty change is of 22%.ConclusionsThis paper shows that there is an association between municipality-level poverty rates and length of stay for paediatric hospitalisations in Chile. For the vast majority of the sample, and after controlling for individual level characteristics, an increase in the municipality level poverty rate is associated with a decrease in the length of stay. Further, there is a non-linearity in the relationship, where at the highest poverty rates, poverty and LOS are positively associated. These findings are robust after controlling for type of hospital (public vs private), type of insurance (public vs private), type of diagnosis, as well as year and region fixed effects.

Prevalence of pressure ulcers in hospitalised patients: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Sup3) ◽  
pp. S20-S28
Author(s):  
Stella Olivo ◽  
Cristina Canova ◽  
Angela Peghetti ◽  
Maurilio Rossi ◽  
Renzo Zanotti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Present On Admission

Objective: The main aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) and related risk factors of PU development in hospitalised patients in Italy. Furthermore, the study investigated the association between risk factors for PU present on admission and the development during hospitalisation (hospital-acquired pressure ulcer, HAPU). Methods: A cross-sectional study, using two separate designs at two separate timepoints: 2010 and 2015. The methodology used to measure PU prevalence was that recommended by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP). Results: The total sample was 7681 hospitalised patients (3011 patients in 2010, 4670 in 2015). Prevalence of PU in hospital was 19.5% in 2010 and 17% in 2015. The number of patients with PU present on admission were 9.60% in 2010 and 9.42% in 2015. Patients with HAPU were 5.08% in 2010 and 5.87% in 2015. Older age and comorbidities, and a total Braden score of ≤16 were positively associated with PU present on admission and HAPU in hospitals (p<0.05). A longer length of stay appeared to correlate positively with a better clinical outcome for PU if there were already present on admission. Heterogeneous results emerged for length of stay of >30 days and being admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusion: Our results are comparable with other European and Italian studies. Most of the risk factors associated with PU development have been confirmed. However, further studies are needed to examine the effects of context on PU present on arrival and HAPU, especially regarding hospital length of stay.

scholarly journals Insurance status, inhospital mortality and length of stay in hospitalised patients in Shanxi, China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e015884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Lin ◽  
Miao Cai ◽  
Hongbing Tao ◽  
Echu Liu ◽  
Zhaohui Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Inhospital Mortality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospitalised Patients

scholarly journals Cost of hospitalisation and length of stay due to hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Y. Naser ◽  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Zahra Alsairafi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalisation Cost ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients

Objective: This study aims to estimate the length of stay and hospitalisation cost of hypoglycaemia, and to identify determinants of variation in the length of stay and hospitalisation cost among individual patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using inpatients records for patients with diabetes mellitus who had been hospitalised due to hypoglycaemic events in two private hospitals in Amman, Jordan between January 2009 and May 2017. All hospitalisation costs were inflated to the equivalent costs in 2017. Hospitalisation cost was estimated from the patient’s perspective in Jordanian dinars (JOD). Descriptive analyses and correlation between sociodemographic or clinical characteristics with the cost and length of stay were explored. Predictors of hypoglycaemic hospitalisation cost and length of stay were determined using logistic regression. Results: During the study period a total of 126 patients with diabetes mellitus were hospitalised due to an incident of hypoglycaemia. The mean patient age was 64.2 (SD=19.6) years; half were male. Patients admitted for hypoglycaemia stayed in hospital for a median duration of two days (IQR=2 days). The median cost of hospitalisation for hypoglycaemia was 163.2 JOD (USD 230.1) (IQR=216.3 JOD). We found that the Glasgow coma score was positively associated with length of stay (0.345, p=0.008), and older age was correlated with higher hospitalisation cost (0.207, p=0.02). Patients with a family history of diabetes had higher hospitalisation costs and longer duration of stay (0.306 and 0.275, p<0.05). In addition, being a male patient (0.394, p<0.05) and with an absence of smoking history was associated with longer duration of stay (0.456, p<0.01), but not with higher hospitalisation cost. Conclusions: Costs associated with the incidence of hypoglycaemic events are not low and constitute a large cost component of managing and treating diabetes mellitus. Male patients and patients having a family history of diabetes should receive extra care and education on the prevention of hypoglycaemic events, and a treatment de-intensification approach should be considered if necessary, so we can prevent its associated hospitalisation costs and length of stay.

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