Seed Width to Pod Width Ratio for Identification of Green Soybean Pods that have Attained Maximum Length and Width 1

Crop Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
S. Rodriguez de Cianzio ◽  
S. J. Frank ◽  
W. R. Fehr
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Seed Width

scholarly journals Evaluation of Traits Associated With Seed Characteristics in Arkansas Restorer Lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Azapoglu ◽  
Vibha Srivast ◽  
Xueyan Sha ◽  
Ehsan Shakiba
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Qtl Detection ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Abstract Rice Grain dimension and weight are two critical factors for marketing and increasing yield capacity. Seed shape is measured by its length, width, thickness, and ratio of length-width. In this study, an experiment was conducted in a controlled condition from fall 2017 to 2020 to identify QTL and candidate genes associated with seed dimension and weight using a bi-parental population resulting from two University of Arkansas developed genotypes: a restorer line 367R and an advanced breeding line RU1501139, in Stuttgart, Arkansas. Five seed dimension traits, including seed length, seed width, seed thickness, seed length-width ratio, and 100-seeds weight, were obtained for QTL detection. The study detected a total of 17 QTL. Four QTL associated with seed length were identified, in which two were positioned on chr. 3, one on chr. 7, and one on chr. 11. Two QTL related to seed length-width ratio were detected on chr. 3 and 7. Whereas a total of three QTL were identified for seed thickness, one each on chr. 5, 6, and 8. Eight QTL associated with seed weight were found, of which four QTL were detected on chr. 12, two each on chr. 1 and 10, and one on chr. 3. Of 17 QTL, four QTL originated from RU1501139, while the origin of the other 13 QTL was 367R. Since multiple genes could control the yield and seed physical characteristics, the detected QTL can play a role in introducing superior parental lines for developing conventional and hybrid rice production.

scholarly journals Morphological Seed Characterization of Common (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and Runner (Phaseolus coccineusL.) Bean Germplasm: A Slovenian Gene Bank Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovro Sinkovič ◽  
Barbara Pipan ◽  
Eva Sinkovič ◽  
Vladimir Meglič
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Runner Bean ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Genetic resources comprised of 953 accessions of common (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and 47 accessions of runner (Phaseolus coccineusL.) bean from the national Slovene gene bank were characterized using fourteen morphological seed descriptors. Seeds of each accession were evaluated for six quantitative characteristics: seed length, seed thickness, seed width, seed length/width ratio, seed width/thickness ratio, and 100 or 10 seed weight. Furthermore, seeds were evaluated using eight qualitative characteristics: seed colour; number of seed colours; primary/main seed colour; predominant secondary seed colour; distribution of secondary seed colour; seed veining; seed shape; and seed colour (primary and secondary) and coat pattern. For each, common, and runner bean collection, first four components within principal component analysis explained 75.03% and 80.16% of morphological variability, respectively. Regarding Ward’s method and squared Euclidian distance, three clusters with the most distinct characteristics were established for each species. The results of morphological seed characterization indicate the origin (Andean, Mesoamerican, putative hybrids between gene pools) and domestication pathways of common and runner bean. This is the first study describing morphological seed characteristics of the entire common and runner bean germplasm conserved in one of the Central European bean collections. The results obtained in this study are serving as the useful information on genetic diversity of common and runner bean accessions at the Slovene gene bank, which could be used for development of new bean varieties for studied seed characteristics.

Seed Micromorphology of Eleven Species of Pleione (Orchidaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 528 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
ZHONGXUAN WANG ◽  
HAO ZHANG ◽  
SI QIN ◽  
LE YOU ◽  
JUNWEN ZHAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Seed Width

The micromorphological characteristics of the seeds of 11 species of Pleione have been studied, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to establish whether they are useful for systematic studies of the genus. The quantitative characteristics include seed length (0.237–0.626 μm), seed width (0.053–0.133 μm), seed length/width ratio (2.631–7.279), seed ridge thickness (1.4 E-3–4 E-3μm) and seed volume (1.88 E-4–3.06 E-3 μm3). The cluster analysis result agrees well with the results of previous systematic studies. The cluster analysis shows that: P. coronaria, P. forrestii and P. yunnanensis form a group, while the remaining eight species form a second group, with three subgroups, namely: P. limprichtii, P. pleionoides, P. formosana as group I; P. hookeriana and P. bulbocodioides as group II; and P. praecox, P. scopulorum and P. maculata for group III. All the Pleione species of Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles show the fusion of adjacent seed coat cells into a network. The shape of the seeds of P. praecox and P. maculata are very similar--being oval, and the mesh walls of their adjacent seed coat cells are not fused. Within these sections no clear pattern can be seen between the species, but the addition of further species might clarify the differences between Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles.

A SIMPLIFIED ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF TIMBER LIGHT-FRAME SHEAR WALLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Giorgia Di Gangi ◽  
Giorgio Monti ◽  
Giuseppe Quaranta ◽  
Marco Vailati ◽  
Cristoforo Demartino
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Equivalent Viscous Damping ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Depth Analysis

The seismic performance of timber light-frame shear walls is investigated in this paper with a focus on energy dissipation and ductility ensured by sheathing-to-framing connections. An original parametric finite element model has been developed in order to perform sensitivity analyses. The model considers the design variables affecting the racking load-carrying capacity of the wall. These variables include aspect ratio (height-to-width ratio), fastener spacing, number of vertical studs and framing elements cross-section size. A failure criterion has been defined based on the observation of both the global behaviour of the wall and local behaviour of fasteners in order to identify the ultimate displacement of the wall. The equivalent viscous damping has been numerically assessed by estimating the damping factor which is in use in the capacity spectrum method. Finally, an in-depth analysis of the results obtained from the sensitivity analyses led to the development of a simplified analytical procedure which is able to predict the capacity curve of a timber light-frame shear wall.

Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Pultruded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Angle Beams under Eccentric Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 982 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Jaksada Thumrongvut ◽  
Natthawat Pakwan ◽  
Samaporn Krathumklang
Keyword(s):  
Buckling Load ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Torsional Buckling ◽  
Eccentric Load ◽  
Buckling Loads ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Cross Sectional Dimension ◽  
Flexural Torsional Buckling

In this paper, the experimental study on the pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (pultruded FRP) angle beams subjected to transversely eccentric load are presented. A summary of critical buckling load and buckling behavior for full-scale flexure tests with various span-to-width ratios (L/b) and eccentricities are investigated, and typical failure mode are identified. Three-point flexure tests of 50 pultruded FRP angle beams are performed. The E-glass fibre/polyester resin angle specimens are tested to examine the effect of span-to-width ratio of the beams on the buckling responses and critical buckling loads. The angle specimens have the cross-sectional dimension of 76x6.4 mm with span-to-width ratios, ranging from 20 to 40. Also, four different eccentricities are investigated, ranging from 0 to ±2e. Eccentric loads are applied below the horizontal flange in increments until beam buckling occurred. Based upon the results of this study, it is found that the load and mid-span vertical deflection relationships of the angle beams are linear up to the failure. In contrast, the load and mid-span lateral deflection relationships are geometrically nonlinear. The general mode of failure is the flexural-torsional buckling. The eccentrically loaded specimens are failed at critical buckling loads lower than their concentric counterparts. Also, the quantity of eccentricity increases as buckling load decreases. In addition, it is noticed that span-to-width ratio increases, the buckling load is decreased. The eccentric location proved to have considerable influence over the buckling load of the pultruded FRP angle beams.

A 73dB-A Audio VCO-ADC based on a Maximum Length Sequence Generator in 130nm CMOS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Carlos Perez ◽  
Andres Quintero ◽  
Pedro Amaral ◽  
Andreas Wiesbauer ◽  
L. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Length ◽  
Sequence Generator

scholarly journals Utilisation of distally based sural fasciocutaneous flaps in lower extremity reconstruction: a single-centre experience with 88 paediatric patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaobiao Luo ◽  
Jiangdong Ni ◽  
Guohua Lv ◽  
Jianwei Wei ◽  
Lihong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Partial Necrosis ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Skin Island ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Extremity Reconstruction ◽  
Distally Based

Abstract Background No large series have analysed distally based sural fasciocutaneous (DBSF) flaps in paediatric patients. The aims of this study were to assess the reliability and analyse the potential risk factors for these flaps and to describe complications in the donor site and the functional follow-up results. Methods Between June 2002 and November 2017, 88 DBSF flaps were used to reconstruct soft tissue defects in paediatric patients. Potential risk factors, reconstruction outcomes, and complications in the donor site of the flaps were analysed. Results Among the 88 flaps, partial necrosis developed in 8 flaps (9.1%). The partial necrosis rate was significantly higher in flaps with the top edge located in the 9th zone (26.1%), with a length-width ratio (LWR) ≥ 5:1 (28.6%), and with a dimension of the skin island ≥ 100 cm2 (22.7%). Partial necrosis did not occur in flaps with a dimension of the skin island < 80.0 cm2 or with a skin-island width < 7.0 cm. The reconstruction outcomes in most paediatric patients were evaluated as “excellent” or “good”. The incidence of obvious scarring was higher in the donor site. Conclusions Partial necrosis of DBSF flaps will significantly increase when the top edge of the flap is located in the 9th zone, when the LWR of the flap is ≥ 5:1, or when the dimension of the skin island is ≥ 100.0 cm2. Flaps with a skin-island width < 7.0 cm or with a dimension of the skin island < 80 cm2 are relatively safe and reliable.

scholarly journals Diversity of Pod Shape in Pisum

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Thomas Henry Noel Ellis ◽  
Julie M. I. Hofer ◽  
Eleni Vikeli ◽  
Michael J. Ambrose ◽  
Paola Higuera-Poveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Determination ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Length Width ◽  
End Use ◽  
Pod Length

The seed-containing pod is the defining structure of plants in the legume family, yet pods exhibit a wide range of morphological variation. Within a species pod characters are likely to be correlated with reproductive strategy, and within cultivated forms will correspond to aspects of yield determination and/or end use. Here variation in pod size, described as pod length: pod width ratio, has been analyzed in pea germplasm represented by 597 accessions. This pod size variation is discussed with respect to population structure and to known classical pod morphology mutants. Variability of the pod length: width ratio can be explained by allelic variation at two genetic loci that may correspond to organ-specific negative regulators of growth.

Influences of Recess Geometry and Restrictor Dimension on Flow Patterns and Pressure Distribution of Hydrostatic Bearings

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hsien Chen ◽  
Yuan Kang ◽  
Yeon-Pun Chang ◽  
De-Xing Peng ◽  
Ding-Wen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Lubricant Film ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Hydrostatic Bearing ◽  
Lubricant Flow ◽  
Land Width

This paper studies the influences of recess geometry and restrictor dimensions on the flow patterns and pressure distribution of lubricant film, which are coupled effects of hybrid characteristics of a hydrostatic bearing. The lubricant flow is described by using the Navier-Stokes equations. The Galerkin weighted residual finite element method is applied to determine the lubricant velocities and pressure in the bearing clearance. The numerical simulations will evaluate the effects of the land-width ratio and restriction parameter as well as the influence of modified Reynolds number and the jet-strength coefficient on the flow patterns in the recess and pressure distribution in lubricant film. On the basis of the simulation drawn from this study, the simulated results are expected to help engineers make better use of the design of hydrostatic bearing and its restrictors.

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