Evaluation of Traits Associated With Seed Characteristics in Arkansas Restorer Lines

Abstract Rice Grain dimension and weight are two critical factors for marketing and increasing yield capacity. Seed shape is measured by its length, width, thickness, and ratio of length-width. In this study, an experiment was conducted in a controlled condition from fall 2017 to 2020 to identify QTL and candidate genes associated with seed dimension and weight using a bi-parental population resulting from two University of Arkansas developed genotypes: a restorer line 367R and an advanced breeding line RU1501139, in Stuttgart, Arkansas. Five seed dimension traits, including seed length, seed width, seed thickness, seed length-width ratio, and 100-seeds weight, were obtained for QTL detection. The study detected a total of 17 QTL. Four QTL associated with seed length were identified, in which two were positioned on chr. 3, one on chr. 7, and one on chr. 11. Two QTL related to seed length-width ratio were detected on chr. 3 and 7. Whereas a total of three QTL were identified for seed thickness, one each on chr. 5, 6, and 8. Eight QTL associated with seed weight were found, of which four QTL were detected on chr. 12, two each on chr. 1 and 10, and one on chr. 3. Of 17 QTL, four QTL originated from RU1501139, while the origin of the other 13 QTL was 367R. Since multiple genes could control the yield and seed physical characteristics, the detected QTL can play a role in introducing superior parental lines for developing conventional and hybrid rice production.

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Morphological Seed Characterization of Common (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and Runner (Phaseolus coccineusL.) Bean Germplasm: A Slovenian Gene Bank Example

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/6376948 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lovro Sinkovič ◽

Barbara Pipan ◽

Eva Sinkovič ◽

Vladimir Meglič

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variability ◽

Gene Bank ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Seed Colour ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Seed Length ◽

Runner Bean ◽

Seed Width ◽

Seed Characteristics

Genetic resources comprised of 953 accessions of common (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and 47 accessions of runner (Phaseolus coccineusL.) bean from the national Slovene gene bank were characterized using fourteen morphological seed descriptors. Seeds of each accession were evaluated for six quantitative characteristics: seed length, seed thickness, seed width, seed length/width ratio, seed width/thickness ratio, and 100 or 10 seed weight. Furthermore, seeds were evaluated using eight qualitative characteristics: seed colour; number of seed colours; primary/main seed colour; predominant secondary seed colour; distribution of secondary seed colour; seed veining; seed shape; and seed colour (primary and secondary) and coat pattern. For each, common, and runner bean collection, first four components within principal component analysis explained 75.03% and 80.16% of morphological variability, respectively. Regarding Ward’s method and squared Euclidian distance, three clusters with the most distinct characteristics were established for each species. The results of morphological seed characterization indicate the origin (Andean, Mesoamerican, putative hybrids between gene pools) and domestication pathways of common and runner bean. This is the first study describing morphological seed characteristics of the entire common and runner bean germplasm conserved in one of the Central European bean collections. The results obtained in this study are serving as the useful information on genetic diversity of common and runner bean accessions at the Slovene gene bank, which could be used for development of new bean varieties for studied seed characteristics.

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Seed Characteristics Diversity in Sponge Gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.) Germplasms from Hatay Region in Turkey

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Horticulture ◽

10.15835/buasmvcn-hort:000118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Kazım MAVİ ◽

Kazim GÜNDÜZ ◽

Dilek YILDIRIM ◽

Fulya UZUNOĞLU

Keyword(s):

Core Collection ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Seed Traits ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Seed Length ◽

Mini Core Collection ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sponge Gourd ◽

Length Width ◽

Seed Characteristics

The objective of this study was to evaluate seed characteristics of sponge gourd, to establish a core collection of sponge gourd with the germplasm collected throughout the Hatay region. A mini-core collection was assessed for morphological performance and some seed traits. Substantial variations of seed characteristics: seed length, seed width, seed thickness (mm), seed index (length/width), seed size (length × width, mm2), seed colour, seed-coat surface, seed shape, seed wing, and 100-seed weight were investigated. Seed length, width and thickness were varied as 15.12-8.97 mm, 9.71-6.25 mm and 2.86-2.16 mm respectively. The seed sizes were determined from small (31 DÖ 06) to big (31 DE 04). Seed colours were ranged from black to white, even a brown colour like 07 MA 01. A hundred seed weights were observed as 16.43 g (31 AL 02) and 7.41 (31 DÖ 06). The results of dendrogram indicated that seed traits of the sponge gourd genotypes were separating in five groups. This collection of sponge gourds will be useful for the gene pools and a wide range of phenotypic variations to provide a good source of diversity for developing of sponge gourd cultivars in breeding programs.

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Genetic editing of GS3 via CRISPR/Cas9 Accelerates the Breeding of Three-line Hybrid Rice With Superior Yield and Grain Quality

10.21203/rs.3.rs-807286/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Huang ◽

Lijun Gao ◽

Shuming Luo ◽

Kaiqiang Liu ◽

Dongjin Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Gene Editing ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Grain Length ◽

Cms Line ◽

Length Width

Abstract Grain size is one of the major traits that control rice grain yield and quality. The GS3 gene, a major QTL regulating grain length and weight, is the first one been identified. A mutation occurred in its N-terminal organ size regulating domain (OSR)results in a loss of function of the mutant allele gs3 and rice varieties carry this gs3 allele often produce longer grains. In this study, we exploited the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to introduce an edited gs3 allele, two guide RNAs(gRNA) targeted at the OSR of the GS3 gene were transformed into one of our indica maintainer lines, GM1B, for its grain yield and quality improvement. Through molecular analysis and sequencing, in T1 generation, a homologous edited-gs3 mutant line without tansgene was obtained and name as GM2B, then converted to CMS line GM1A by backcrossing to obtain another superior male sterile line GM2A for further tests. GM2B showed improved grain quality and yield compared to the WT GM1B, with grain length increased by 7.9%, length/width ratio increased from 3.89 to 4.19, TGW increased by 6.7%, and grain yield per plant increased by 14.9%. Meanwhile, genetic improvement of other quality traits including rice length (6.83mm), rice grain length/width ratio (3.61), matched the appearance standards set for traditional Simiao (silk seedling) type cultivars. Two restorer lines were outcrossed to both GM1A and GM2A to produce hybrid rice. Compared to GM1A’s two hybrids, the hybrids of GM2A had longer grains, higher length/width ratio, higher TGW and yield per plant. In addition, hybrids of GM2A showed better performance on grain appearance including better translucency, lower chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree than hybrids of GM1A.These data strongly demonstrate that the introduction of an elite gs3 allele into GM1A via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology leads to significant genetic improvement. The resultant CMS line GM2A(gs3) performs much better than the original GM1A on grain quality and yield. Thus, our study proves that targeted genetic improvement using gene editing technology can expedite rice breeding, especially the breeding of three-line hybrid rice.

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Seed Micromorphology of Eleven Species of Pleione (Orchidaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.528.4.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 528 (4) ◽

pp. 229-239

Author(s):

ZHONGXUAN WANG ◽

HAO ZHANG ◽

SI QIN ◽

LE YOU ◽

JUNWEN ZHAI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Seed Length ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Quantitative Characteristics ◽

Length Width ◽

Seed Micromorphology ◽

Seed Width

The micromorphological characteristics of the seeds of 11 species of Pleione have been studied, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to establish whether they are useful for systematic studies of the genus. The quantitative characteristics include seed length (0.237–0.626 μm), seed width (0.053–0.133 μm), seed length/width ratio (2.631–7.279), seed ridge thickness (1.4 E-3–4 E-3μm) and seed volume (1.88 E-4–3.06 E-3 μm3). The cluster analysis result agrees well with the results of previous systematic studies. The cluster analysis shows that: P. coronaria, P. forrestii and P. yunnanensis form a group, while the remaining eight species form a second group, with three subgroups, namely: P. limprichtii, P. pleionoides, P. formosana as group I; P. hookeriana and P. bulbocodioides as group II; and P. praecox, P. scopulorum and P. maculata for group III. All the Pleione species of Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles show the fusion of adjacent seed coat cells into a network. The shape of the seeds of P. praecox and P. maculata are very similar--being oval, and the mesh walls of their adjacent seed coat cells are not fused. Within these sections no clear pattern can be seen between the species, but the addition of further species might clarify the differences between Sect. Pleione and Sect. Humiles.

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Characterization and evaluation of exotic groundnut (Arachis hypogea .L) genotypes

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v4i2.7781 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

YP J. AMARASINGHE ◽

HRI UDAYANGANIE ◽

BW WICKRAMASINGHE ◽

G. WIJESINGHE ◽

R.W. PUSHPAKUMARA

Keyword(s):

Grain Legumes ◽

Seed Length ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Arachis Hypogea ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Seed Width ◽

Genetic Pool ◽

Development Center ◽

Seed Characteristics ◽

100 Seed Weight

Groundnut being one of most important oil crops, exotic genotypes is very important in broadening the genetic pool of and it is the basis for successful breeding program. A study was conducted to characterize and evaluate three exotic groundnut genotypes with two recommended varieties at Grain Legumes and Oil Crops Research and Development Center, Angunakolapelessa, Sri Lanka during yala season. All phenotypic data were collected according to the Descriptor for grain legumes and oil crops. Growth habit, pod characters and pod sizes were shown significant amount of morphological variation, while the maturity of Line No.201 was similar to check varieties, where can be included in short duration group. Line No. 202 can be considered as important, in which most of the yield parameters were high in that line. According to the seed characteristics such as 100 seed weight, seed length and seed width, all genotypes can be categorize in to medium sized category. Pod yield was varied between 800-1400 kg/ha among the genotypes. These findings would broaden the understanding of the genetic background of exotic genotypes, can be exploited through hybridization.

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VARIABILITY OF SOME BROOMRAPE POPULATIONS FROM CHINA. MORPHOMETRY AND RACE IDENTIFICATION (I)

Akademos ◽

10.52673/18570461.21.1-60.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 42-50

Author(s):

Maria Duca ◽

◽

Ana Mutu ◽

Ina Bivol ◽

Steliana Clapco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inner Mongolia ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Seed Length ◽

Interpopulation Variability ◽

Pearson Coefficient ◽

Variability Level ◽

Length Width ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Biometric Indices

The article is a synthesis of some studies on the identification of broomrape races originating from China and the determination of the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds. The racial status of the analyzed populations was established, also two races of broomrape were identified: race G (Ch1 from Inner Mongolia and Ch3 from HeBei) and race H (Ch2 from Inner Mongolia) using internationally recognized differential Or homosygous lines set. Comparative analyses on the morphometric characteristics of broomrape revealed significant differences in seed Length (Ch1 and Ch3 populations, race G) and Length/width ratio (Ch3 and Ch4), which is an indication of the moderate level of interpopulation variability. In the case of assess of the intrapopulation variability level, the relatively homogeneous (Ch2, Ch3 and Ch4) and relatively heterogeneous (Ch1) populations were identified. According to the coefficient of variation, the population Ch2 identified as H broomrape race has distinguished as the most homogeneous for the investigated biometric indices of the seeds. The moderate positive correlations (between Length and width seed, between seed length and L/w ratio), the strong positive correlations (between Length and L/w ratio) and also the strong negative correlations (between width and L/w ratio) were established. The results obtained through Pearson coefficient revealed the discrimination of populations by region.

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Combined Linkage Mapping and Genome-Wide Association Study Identified QTLs Associated with Grain Shape and Weight in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1532

Author(s):

Ju-Won Kang ◽

Nkulu Rolly Kabange ◽

Zarchi Phyo ◽

So-Yeon Park ◽

So-Myeong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linkage Mapping ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Grain Shape ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Grain Length ◽

Transplanted Rice ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Length Width

In the current study, we used a linkage mapping–Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) joint strategy to investigate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing rice grain shape and weight in a doubled haploid (DH) population, using Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers. Results revealed the co-detection of the QTLs, qGLE-12-1 and qGLE-12-2 (Chromosome 12), qGTE-3-1 (Chromosome 3), and qGWL-5-1 and qLWRL-5-1 (Chromosome 5), associated with grain length, width, and length–width ratio, by both linkage mapping and GWAS. In addition, qGLL-7-1 (logarithm of the odds (LOD): 18.0, late-transplanted rice) and qGLE-3-1 (LOD: 8.1, early-transplanted rice), and qLWRL-7-1 (LOD: 34.5), detected only by linkage mapping, recorded a high phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 32.5%, 19.3%, and 37.7% for grain length, and grain length–width ratio, respectively, contributed by the allele from 93-11. Meanwhile, qGWL-5-1 (LOD: 17.2) recorded a high PVE (31.7%) for grain width, and the allele from Milyang352 contributed to the observed phenotypic variation. Furthermore, qGTL-5-1 (LOD: 21.9) had a high PVE (23.3%) for grain thickness. Similarly, qTGWE-5-1 (LOD: 8.6) showed a high contribution to the PVE for grain weight (23.4%). Moreover, QTLs, qGW-5-1, qGT-5-1, qLWR-5-1, and qTGW-5-1 coincided on chromosome 5, flanked with KJ05_17 and KJ05_13 markers. Therefore, these QTLs are suggested to govern rice grain shape and weight. Additionally, the identified candidate genes could play active roles in the regulation of rice grain shape and weight, regarding their predicted functions, and similarity with previously reported genes. Downstream breeding and functional studies are required to elucidate the roles of these candidate genes in the regulation of grain shape and weight in rice.

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Effects of Cultivar, Nitrogen Rate, and Planting Density on Rice-Grain Quality

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8110246 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 246 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chanchan Zhou ◽

Yuancai Huang ◽

Baoyan Jia ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Yun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Amylose Content ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Planting Density ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Apparent Amylose Content ◽

Length Width ◽

Cooking And Eating Quality

To achieve superior rice-grain quality, more emphasis has been placed on the genetic diversity of breeding programs, although this improvement could be seriously restricted in the absence of comparable agricultural management practices. Nitrogen (N) application and planting density are two important agronomic practices influencing rice growth, yield, and grain quality. This study investigated the four main aspects of rice-grain quality, namely, milling (brown-rice, milled-rice, and head-rice percentage), appearance (length/width ratio, chalky-kernel percentage, and chalkiness), nutrition (protein content), and cooking and eating quality (apparent amylose content, gel consistency, and pasting viscosities) of two rice cultivars (Shendao 47 and Jingyou 586) under four N rates (0, 140, 180, and 220 kg ha−1), and three planting densities (25 × 104, 16.7 × 104, and 12.5 × 104 hills ha−1) in a field trial from 2015 to 2016. The four main aspects of rice-grain quality were significantly influenced by cultivar. Several aspects were affected by the interactions of N rate and cultivar. No significant interaction between N rate and plating density was detected for all grain-quality parameters. A higher N rate increased the percentages of brown rice and head rice, chalky-kernel percentage, and setback and peak time values, but reduced the length/width ratio, chalkiness, apparent amylose content, gel consistency, and peak-, trough-, and final-viscosity values. These results indicate that the N rate has a beneficial effect on milling and nutritional quality, but a detrimental effect on appearance and cooking and eating quality. Jingyou 586 and Shendao 47 had different responses to planting density in terms of grain quality. Our study indicates that low planting density for Jingyou 586, but a medium one for Shendao 47, is favorable for grain quality.

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Variasi Karakter Biji dan Korelasinya dengan Kadar Minyak pada Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annus L.)

Buletin Tanaman Tembakau Serat & Minyak Industri ◽

10.21082/bultas.v6n2.2014.91-98 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Anik Herwati ◽

Tantri Dyah Ayu Anggraeni

Keyword(s):

Oil Content ◽

Selection Process ◽

Breeding Programme ◽

Seed Colour ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Seed Length ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Helianthus Annus ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Seed Width

Tanaman bunga matahari (Helianthus annus L.) adalah salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak nabati yang sehat dan bermutu. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produksi minyak adalah dengan program pemuliaan ta-naman melalui perakitan varietas unggul yang mempunyai produktivitas dan kandungan minyak tinggi. Pro-ses pemuliaan tanaman memerlukan keragaman genetik dan proses seleksi. Oleh karena itu evaluasi sumber daya genetik yang ada perlu dilaksanakan, salah satunya pada karakter biji. Sedangkan untuk memudahkan proses seleksi perlu diketahui karakter yang berkorelasi positif dengan produksi minyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi karakter biji dan korelasinya dengan kadar minyak. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tahun 2011 di Laboratorium Benih Balittas dan Laboratorium Kimia Universitas Brawijaya untuk uji ka-dar minyak. Jumlah aksesi bunga matahari yang diuji ada 19 aksesi bunga matahari hasil rejuvenasi tahun 2011. Dari tiap aksesi, diambil 300 gram benih hasil panen yang belum disortir, yang diambil secara acak dan diulang 3 kali. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakter kualitatif yaitu warna biji, garis pada biji, dan ben-tuk biji, dan karakter kuantitatif yaitu bobot 100 biji, panjang, dan lebar biji, serta kadar minyak. Hasil pe-ngamatan pada karakter kualitatif menunjukkan variasi pada warna biji, garis (stripes), dan bentuk biji. Pada karakter kuantitatif, nilai koefisien keragaman (KK) pada semua karakter yang diamati mencapai lebih dari 20%. Karakter yang paling bervariasi adalah kadar minyak biji. Hasil pengujian korelasi menunjukkan karak-ter bobot 100 biji berkorelasi positif dengan karakter panjang, lebar, dan bentuk biji, dan berkorelasi negatif dengan karakter kandungan minyak. Sedangkan ukuran biji dan kadar minyak tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang nyata. Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is one of vegetable oil crops that produce healthy and high quality oil. In-creasing oil content could be reached by breeding programme to obtain new variety with high productivity and oil content. Breeding programme needs genetic diversity and selection process. So, germplasm evalu-ation, especially for seed characteristic must be done. To make selection process easier determination cha-racters that correlate with oil content needs to be conducted. This experiment aimed to evaluate variation in seed characteristics and to determine correlation between seed characters and oil content on sunflowers. Experiment was done in 2011 on Seed Laboratory ISFCRI and Brawijaya University Laboratory (oil content extraction). Plant materials are 19 s unflower accesions. For each accesion, 300 grams seed were taken ran-domly and replicated 3 times. Observation was done on qualitative characters i.e. seed colour, seed stripes, and seed shape and quantitative characters i.e. 100 seeds weight, seed length, and seed width, also oil con-tent. Result showed that there were variations among seed colour, seed stripes, and seed shape (qualitative characters). Coefficient variation (CV) was more than 20% for all quantitative characters and the highest was being reached by oil content. Correlation evaluation resulted that 100 seeds weight had positive corre-lations with seed length, seed width, and seed shape, but had a negative correlation with oil content. How-ever, seed size wasn’t correlate with oil content.

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Seed flora of La Pérouse Bay, Manitoba, Canada: a DELTA database of morphological and ecological characters

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b00-021 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 481-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E R Chang ◽

T A Dickinson ◽

R L Jefferies

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Hudson Bay ◽

Soil Cores ◽

James Bay ◽

Seed Shape ◽

Seed Length ◽

Ecological Information ◽

The World ◽

Seed Width

An identification database for seeds in coastal habitats at La Pérouse Bay, Manitoba, Canada, was developed using the DELTA (DEscriptive Language for Taxonomy) format and the program INTKEY. The database should be applicable throughout the coastal lowlands of the Hudson Bay and James Bay regions as similar plant assemblages are present. The database, based upon morphological characteristics and also incorporating ecological information, was used to identify seed specimens found in soil cores and seed traps. The most useful characters for identifying seeds were seed length, seed width, and seed shape. The database is available on the World Wide Web at http://prod.library.utoronto.ca/polyclave/. The seed flora is also documented in the form of a checklist, the first one published for the La Pérouse Bay region; this checklist is also applicable to other coastal areas in the Hudson Bay lowlands.Key words: Arctic, DELTA, floristics, identification, seed morphology.

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