Corn Root Growth in Soil Columns with Artificially Constructed Aggregates

Root distribution and water uptake patterns of individual chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ’Long Slim Cayenne’) plants growth in 1-m-high soil columns in plastic cylinders were examined under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Roots were able to grow through the soil profile and consequently extract water from a soil which was conducive to root growth. Water uptake occurred both in the irrigated and in the nonirrigated treatment throughout the soil profile. Uptake was highest in the top 0.50 m of the former and was a result of greater water availability rather than lack of root growth at greater depths. Chilli pepper plants can, under droughty conditions, extract subsoil moisture.Key words: Chilli pepper, soil moisture, water uptake, root growth

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Effect of soil temperature on direction of corn root growth

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/bf00018055 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 177-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J. J. Onderdonk ◽

J. W. Ketcheson

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Corn Root

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Leaching of Trifluralin, Benefin, and Nitralin in Soil Columns

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500046816 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

W. Powell Anderson ◽

Anna Beth Richards ◽

J. Wayne Whitworth

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Breakdown Product ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Moist Soil ◽

Soil Columns ◽

Clay Loam Soil ◽

Untreated Soil ◽

Loam Soil

As determined by bioassay of segmented soil columns, a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), N-butyl-N-ethyl-a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin), and 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin) varied in their leachability in a clay loam soil, even though their water solubility is the same. Nitralin was by far the more easily leached, benefin was least leached, and trifluralin slightly more so than benefin. Four A-in or more of water readily leached nitralin deep enough into the soil in amounts great enough to adversely affect the root growth of sensitive crop plants. Trifluralin and benefin were leached into the soil in relatively minute amounts, and these amounts were not great enough to affect root growth of sensitive crop plants when at least 0.5-in of untreated soil separated the seed from the layer of soil in which the herbicides had been mixed. The apparent breakdown product of nitralin present in moist soil was leached as readily as nitralin.

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EFFECTS OF SUBSOIL BULK DENSITY, NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND SOIL MOISTURE ON CORN ROOT GROWTH IN THE FIELD

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss87-026 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 293-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. STYPA ◽

A. NUNEZ-BARRIOS ◽

D. A. BARRY ◽

M. H. MILLER ◽

W. A. MITCHELL

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Water Potential ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Corn Root ◽

Penetrometer Resistance ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Distribution Of Roots

In a 4-yr study, root growth in the upper 50 cm of a silt loam soil (Gleyed Melanic Brunisol) was equal to or greater than that in a low-density artificial medium (soil:peat:perlite) in spite of a high bulk density in the soil (1.5 Mg m−3 in the 15-to 45-cm depth). We suggest that, due to the natural structure of the Bm horizon, the resistance to root growth is much less than would be expected from bulk density or penetrometer resistance measurements. Marked increases in P and K fertility in the surface soil had only minor effects on either the total length or distribution of roots although the shoot growth was markedly increased. Neither total root length nor root distribution were altered by irrigation during 1981, the only year a moisture variable was included. During a 2-wk dry period in July, prior to anthesis, soil water potential on the nonirrigated plots decreased to −1.5 MPa in the upper 15 cm and to −0.5 MPa in the 15- to 30-cm layer. Leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and rate of growth during the period were lower on the nonirrigated treatment although final dry matter production was not. The results indicate that corn root growth and distribution in the field are not as sensitive to environmental factors as one would expect from short-term laboratory studies. Key words: Corn, root growth, soil bulk density, fertility, soil water

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Physiological Responses to Sethoxydim in Tissues of Corn (Zea mays) and Pea (Pisum sativum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500060653 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 604-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hideo Hosaka ◽

Masae (Kubota) Takagi

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Cell Division ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Root Growth ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Inhibition Mechanism ◽

Root Tips ◽

Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽

Corn Root

The physiological responses of corn (Zea maysL. ‘Goldencrossbantam′) and pea (Pisum sativumL. ‘Alaska′) to sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} were investigated. Sethoxydim did not affect excised pea root growth at 1 × 10−4M but inhibited excised corn root growth at concentrations of 1 × 10−8M and above. Treating corn impeded root growth with 1 × 10−7M sethoxydim within 4 h after treatment; however, little histological change of the roots was observed at 48 h. At 1 × 10−6M, growth nearly stopped within 4 h after treatment, and clear cytological changes of the roots were observed at 24 and 48 h. Sethoxydim inhibited both mitosis and DNA synthesis of excised corn root tips between 4 and 48 h after treatment. Respiration of corn roots measured by oxygen uptake and the TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) test was not affected by the herbicide directly. Sethoxydim (1 × 10−4M) inhibited IAA-induced cell elongation of corn coleoptile and pea epicotyl by 37 and 12%, respectively. Sethoxydim selectively inhibited the growth of excised root tips of susceptible corn by affecting cell division rather than cell enlargement, and the inhibition mechanism of cell division (inhibition of mitosis) by the herbicide was not by direct inhibition of DNA synthesis or by effects on respiration.

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Comparison of Bioassay Techniques for Detecting Imazaquin in Soil

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00038653 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 203-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Keith A. O'Bryan ◽

Barry J. Brecke ◽

Donn G. Shilling ◽

Daniel L. Colvin

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Root Length ◽

Glass Plate ◽

Petri Dish ◽

The Other ◽

Plate Method ◽

Corn Root ◽

Shaped Tube ◽

Plate Apparatus

Three corn root bioassays were evaluated for detecting imazaquin in soil. Two techniques, one which utilized a cone-shaped tube as the growth container and another, a petri dish, were compared to a method that utilized a thin layer of soil between two 20 by 20 cm glass plates. Corn root growth responded logarithmically to imazaquin regardless of bioassay method. Corn was most sensitive to low imazaquin concentrations when grown using the glass plate apparatus. At a low concentration (0.5 ng/g) of imazaquin, corn root length was reduced 6% using the cone-tube, 2% using the petri dish, and 24% using the glass plate method. In contrast, the cone-tube method provided a better measure of high imazaquin concentration (200 ng/g) than the other methods.

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