Soil Phosphorus Supplying Capacity Evaluated by Plant Removal and Available Phosphorus Extraction

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Aquino ◽  
R. G. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Extraction ◽  
Plant Removal

A comparison of 5 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to different soils of South of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (18) ◽  
pp. 2284-2290
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Shahriaripour ◽  
Ahmad Tajabadipour ◽  
Isa Esfandiarpoor ◽  
Vahid Mozafary
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Phosphorus Extraction ◽  
Different Soils

Response by sugar beet to superphosphate, particularly in relation to soils containing little available phosphorus

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARYTwenty experiments between 1970 and 1974 tested the effect of five amounts of triple superphosphate (0–110 kg P/ha) on sugar-beet yield in fields where soil contained little sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus. The average yield without phosphorus fertilizer was 6·69 t/ha sugar and the increase from the optimum dressing 0·46 t/ha; the average soil concentration was 12 mg P/l. The fertilizer increased yield by 0·77 t/ha sugar on fields with 0–9 mg/l soil phosphorus, by 0·31 t/ha when soil phosphorus was 10–15 mg/l and had little effect on soils containing larger amounts.The concentration of phosphorus in plants harvested in mid-summer contained on average 0·29% P in dried tops and 0·13% in roots when given no phosphorus fertilizer, representing a total of 19·3 kg/ha P uptake. Giving superphosphate increased the phosphorus in both dried tops and roots by up to 0·03% and there was 3·7 and 1·7 kg/ha more phosphorus in tops and roots respectively. On the most responsive fields (0–9 mg/l soil P), the fertilizer increased the phosphorus in tops and roots by 0·05% and total uptake by 7 kg P/ha. The increase in uptake (or recovery) of fertilizer varied from 15% when 14 kg P/ha was given to less than 5% when 110 kg P/ha was used.A dressing of 27 kg P/ha was adequate for maximum yield on 19 of the 20 fields. When fields were grouped, 0–9, 10–15, 16–25 and > 26 mg/l NaHCO3-soluble soil phosphorus, and taking into account the value of the increased sugar yield, the cost of the fertilizer and its residual value, 60, 30, 20 and 10 kg P/ha respectively were the most profitable dressings. These experiments provide evidence, however, that the fertilizer would be used more efficiently if fields containing 0–9 mg soil phosphorus were subdivided into those with 0–4·5 and those with 4·6–9·0 mg/l and the groups given 80 and 40 kg P/ha respectively. These recommendations are substantially less than those used at present; they are adequate for sugar beet but other crops in the rotation would need similar close examination to ensure maximum yield and maintain adequate soil reserves of phosphorus.

Phosphorus and Carbon Economies of Ectomycorrhizal Seedlings of Eucalyptus pilularis Smith

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Mulligan ◽  
JW Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Species Being

The distribution patterns of phosphorus and carbon in Eucalyptus pilularis Smith seedlings raised in phosphorus-deficient conditions for at least 4 months have been examined. These seedlings possessed well developed ectomycorrhizas and there was significant retention of phosphorus by the mycorrhizal roots at low levels of phosphorus supply. A high proportion of residue phosphorus (possibly polyphosphate) was found in mycorrhizal roots and also in foliage at a level of deficiency at which very little storage phosphorus would be expected to remain. There was evidence of a control mechanism, perhaps operating via this 'storage' pool, which guarded against any overstimulation of growth rate in response to periodic increases in soil phosphorus. This control acted by regulating the amount of phosphorus available for photosynthesis, especially in those leaves with the highest potential to export carbon for growth. It is proposed that the E. pilularis seedlings combine strategies which characterize fast-growing and slow-growing species, namely a responsiveness of photosynthesis to available phosphorus in the foliage and foliar storage of phosphorus when supply persists. Such flexibility may contribute to this species being able to compete successfully in a range of habitats of varying nutritional status.

Comparison of Mehlich 3, AL and artificial root exudates containing extractants for soil phosphorus analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonu Tonutare ◽  
Gert Kaldmae ◽  
Tiina Köster ◽  
Kadri Krebstein ◽  
Ako Rodima
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations

<p>Due to increase of fertilizers prices and tightening of environmental protection requirements the need for efficient use of fertilizers has increased. At moment over the word huge number of different methods for determination of soil plant available phosphorus (PAP) are in use. Due to unequal extraction ability of extractants have each method own specific gradation to evaluate the soil P class. Allmost all widely used PAP extraction methods are developed in last century, mostly more than fifty years ago and often there is not possible to found information how the P status classes and fertilizer recommendations are determined for each method is determined.</p><p>The content of PAP in soil is difficult to estimate because soil pH has a strong effect to soil  - solution chemistry. Therefore extracting  soils with higly buffered solutions as for example Mehlich 3 can give overestimated results. The acidic Mehlich  3 extactant can solubilize relatively insoluble Ca- Fe- and Al phosphates. Also the AL (acetate-lactate) method uses the buffered extraction solution and may influence the amount of extracted PAP. The most realistic conditions for PAP extraction can give the extraction solution which mimic the soil environment that has actively growing roots. </p><p>The aim of our research was to investigate the extraction of PAP with extragent similar by chemical composition to soil solution with root exudates proposed by Haney et al (2010).  The obtained results were compared with Mehlich 3 and AL methods results.    </p><p>Ref.: Haney, R.L., Haney, E.B., Hossner, L.R., Arnold, J,G. 2010. Modification to the New Soil Extractant H3A-1: A Multinutrient Extractant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41:1513-1523.</p>

Responses of herbage yield and soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus fertilisation on a degraded arid steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dangjun Wang ◽  
Zhibin He ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Du ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation

Low plant-available phosphorus (P) in degraded arid steppes greatly limits plant yields. However, whether exterior P addition will improve the soil P availability and thus increase plant yield in these degraded arid steppes is still not certain. In the current study, a severely degraded arid steppe in Inner Mongolia, China, with soil-available P <5 mg/kg, was fertilised annually with chemical or manure P for two years (2014, dry year; 2015, wet year). There were six fertilisation treatments: 0, 30 kg P/ha, 60 kg P/ha, 90 kg P/ha, 4000 kg sheep manure/ha (equalling 16.4 kg P/ha) and 8000 kg sheep manure/ha (32.8 kg P/ha). A pot experiment with Stipa krylovii (the dominant plant species in the tested steppe) and five P application rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg P/ha) was also conducted, under well-watered and nitrogen-fertilised conditions, using surface soils from unfertilised plots in the field. Results indicated that the tested soils had strong P adsorption capacity and weaker desorption capacity, and that the labile P fractions were quickly transformed into less labile fractions, reducing P availabilities. Overall, chemical P fertiliser resulted in the accumulation of Ca10-P and occluded P, whereas sheep manure resulted in the accumulation of moderately resistant organic P and highly resistant organic P. Phosphorus fertilisation was associated with an increase in plant P concentrations in both 2014 and 2015, and a low P rate (30 kg P/ha in the current study) was able to improve the aboveground biomass in both the field experiment in the wet year and the pot experiment under well-watered conditions. Thus, in degraded arid steppes, P fertilisation may be unnecessary in dry years. A low rate of P fertilisation is recommended in wet years to improve soil P status and steppe plant productivity.

Environmental risk indicators for soil phosphorus status

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Optimum Productivity ◽  
Highly Correlated

Biologically available phosphorus (P) is divided operationally into two sources, dissolved reactive P (DRP) and bioavailable particulate P (BPP). Dilute CaCl2-extractable soil P (CaCl2-P) is considered to be the benchmark method for estimating DRP in soils, whereas P desorbed to iron-oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) is the benchmark method for BPP in soils and sediments. Neither of these methods is in routine use in Australia. Selected soil P analyses were carried out on 31 diverse surface soils to develop relationships between the environmental benchmark methods and the routine soil P tests of Colwell-P, Olsen-P, and the single-point P buffer index (PBI). The index (Colwell-P/PBI) was highly correlated with CaCl2-P (r = 0.925, P < 0.001), and both Olsen-P and Colwell-P were highly correlated with FeO-P (r = 0.955 and 0.828, respectively; P < 0.001). It is suggested that these measures can be used as environmental risk indicators for soil P status. The critical values of these measures for optimum productivity were compared to the values of these measures corresponding to threshold values of currently used environmental risk indicators.

Yield reduction of direct-seeded rice under returned straw can be mitigated by appropriate water management improving soil phosphorus availability

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Haishui Yang ◽  
Jinxia Feng ◽  
Martin Weih ◽  
Yi Meng ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Straw Incorporation

The yield of direct-seeded rice has been shown to decrease after straw amendment. However, the reasons for the yield decrease, and any measures to alleviate it, are currently unknown. We hypothesised that straw return exerts negative effects on soil fertility and on root growth of direct-seeded rice, which subsequently reduces the remobilisation of reserves to grains under continuous flooding (CF); and that alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation can alleviate these negative impacts. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses, by comparing CF and AWD in combination with two wheat-straw treatments (incorporation and mulching). Under CF, wheat-straw incorporation decreased soil available phosphorus by 23–79%, root biomass by 10%, leaf biomass by 13%, and leaf area by 15% compared with the control with no straw incorporation; negative effects on these characteristics were lessened if the straw was mulched. The AWD treatment alleviated the negative effects of straw incorporation compared with CF, and straw mulching with AWD had no negative effects or resulted in positive effects. The results suggest that CF along with straw incorporation limits soil phosphorus availability, root growth and grain yield by affecting photosynthate accumulation and remobilisation. AWD irrigation mitigates these undesirable effects by decreasing soil total reductants, which subsequently increases soil pH and plant-available phosphorus. The proposed AWD treatment could be a promising strategy for the sustainable production of direct-seeded rice.

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