scholarly journals Use of secondary somatic embryos promotes genetic fidelity in cryopreservation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-Y. FANG ◽  
A. WETTEN ◽  
R. ADU-GYAMFI

The inability to conserve cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) germplasm via seed storage and the vulnerability of field collections make the establishment of cryopreserved genebanks for the crop a priority. An effective encapsulation-dehydration based cryopreservation system has been developed for cocoa but because the somatic embryos used for freezing arise after a protracted period of callus culture there is concern about maintenance of genetic fidelity during the process. Microsatellite markers for seven of the 10 cocoa linkage groups were used to screen a population of 189 primary somatic embryo-derived emblings and the 43 secondary somatic embryos they gave rise to. Of the primary somatic embryos, 38.1% exhibited polymorphic microsatellite profiles while for secondary somatic embryos the frequency was 23.3%. The same microsatellite markers used to screen another population of 44 secondary somatic embryos cryopreserved through encapsulation-dehydration revealed no polymorphisms. Scanning electron microscopy showed the secondary somatic embryos were derived from cotyledonary epidermal cells rather than callus. The influence of embryo ontogeny on somaclonal variation is discussed.;


Cryobiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Jong-Yi Fang ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez ◽  
Andy Wetten


Plant Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Yi Fang ◽  
Andrew Wetten ◽  
Paul Hadley


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
NUR AJIJAH

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Embriogenesis somatik kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) telah banyak<br />dilaporkan  dengan  penggunaan  zat  pengatur  tumbuh  (ZPT)  yang<br />bervariasi. Penggunaan thidiazuron untuk menginduksi embriogenesis<br />somatik kakao telah dilaporkan melalui dua tahap induksi kalus. Penelitian<br />ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas thidiazuron menginduksi<br />embriogenesis somatik kakao melalui satu tahap induksi kalus. Penelitian<br />dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Unit Pengembangan Benih<br />Unggul, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Bogor. Empat taraf thidiazuron (0; 2,5;<br />5,0; dan 10 µg/l) dikombinasikan dengan 2,4-D 2 mg/l<br />digunakan untuk<br />menginduksi kalus dan embrio somatik 3 klon kakao (TSH858, Sca6, dan<br />ICS13) menggunakan eksplan mahkota bunga dan staminoid. Media dasar<br />DKW tanpa ZPT digunakan sebagai kontrol. Penelitian disusun dalam<br />rancangan lingkungan acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Setiap unit<br />percobaan terdiri dari sepuluh eksplan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi<br />persentase pembentukan kalus umur 2 dan 4 minggu, penampakan visual<br />kalus, persentase eksplan membentuk embrio somatik, dan jumlah embrio<br />somatik per eksplan umur 10 dan 14 minggu. Kalus terbentuk pada media<br />dengan penambahan hanya 2,4-D atau 2,4-D + thidiazuron, namun embrio<br />somatik hanya terbentuk pada media dengan penambahan 2,4-D +<br />thidiazuron. Pembentukan kalus dan embrio somatik sangat dipengaruhi<br />oleh tipe eksplan dan genotipe. Klon Sca6 lebih responsif dibandingkan<br />TSH858 dan ICS13 dan eksplan staminoid lebih responsif dibandingkan<br />mahkota bunga. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh interaksi<br />yang kuat antara ZPT, genotipe, dan tipe eksplan terhadap pembentukan<br />kalus dan embrio somatik kakao serta tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil yang<br />nyata antara pembentukan embrio somatik melalui satu dan dua tahap<br />induksi kalus.<br />Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., genotipe, eksplan, zat pengatur tumbuh</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />Somatic embryogenesis of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) has been<br />widely reported with varied of plant growth regulators (PGR) used. The<br />use of thidiazuron in inducing somatic embryogenesis of cacao has been<br />reported through a two-step callus induction. The study aimed to evaluate<br />the effectiveness of thidiazuron in inducing somatic embryogenesis of<br />cacao through a one-step of callus induction. The study was conducted at<br />the tissue culture laboratory of Agricultural Seed Development Unit,<br />Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Bogor.<br />Four levels of thidiazuron (0; 2.5; 5.0; and 10 µg/l) in combination with 2<br />mg/l  2,4-D  were  used  for  inducing  callogenesis  and  somatic<br />embryogenesis of three cacao clones (TSH858, Sca6, and ICS13) using<br />petals and staminoids explants. DKW basal medium without PGR was<br />used as a control. The result showed that callus were formed on medium<br />containing only 2,4-D or 2,4-D + thidiazuron, while embryos were only<br />formed on medium containing 2,4-D + thidiazuron. The formation of<br />callus and somatic embryos were highly affected by explant types and<br />genotypes. Sca6 clone was more responsive than TSH858 and ICS13 and<br />staminoids were more responsive than petals. The results of this study<br />revealed that there was a strong interaction between the PGRs, genotypes,<br />and explant types on the formation of cacao callus and somatic embryos.<br />Results of this study also showed no significant difference between the<br />formation of somatic embryos through one and two steps of callus<br />induction.<br />Keywords: Theobroma cacao L., genotypes, explants, plant growth<br />regulators</p>



2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Alexandra Pila Quinga ◽  
Angelo Schuabb Heringer ◽  
Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga ◽  
Leila do Nascimento Vieira ◽  
Vanildo Silveira ◽  
...  


2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Yi Fang ◽  
Andrew Wetten ◽  
Jason Johnston


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Yulistiati Nengsih

Cocoa seeds are included in recalcitrant seeds that have the characteristic of aging and regrowth of seeds during storage, viability of seeds decreases when their water content is decreased (12-31%) and can not stand to be stored at low temperature and humidity. For the provision of quality seeds need to be mastered technology seed storage properly. The aim of this research is to get the proper packing technique in maintaining viability of cocoa seed (Theobroma cacao L) during storage. The research will be conducted from Pebruari to Juni 2018, at Batanghari University Basic Laboratory. The design used is the Randomized Complete environment with the treatment of cardboard packaging with several ventilation holes: P0 = cardboard without ventilation, P1 = 2% ventilation box, P2 = 4% ventilation box, P3 = 6% ventilation box and P4 = cardboard box 8 %. The observed variables were: percentage of moisture content, percentage of seeds germinated in storage, percentage of sprout gain after storage, germination rate after storage, percentage of moldy seeds in storage and identification mushrooms. To see the effect, F test was done at 5% level, then continued with Duncan test at ? 5%. The result of the research showed that the treatment of the packing ventilation had an effect on the percentage parameter of moldy and germinated seed in storage and seed viability and vigor. In the treatment between ventilation, did not show any difference, but economically recommended the use of ventilation by 8%. Until storage on day 12 of the treatment of packaging vents can withstand the fungus attack 17.19% compared to control. The amount of ventilation does not show ability to withstand viability and vigor after storage. The fungus identified in seed storage is Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus sppKeywords: Recalcitrant, viability, moisture content of seedsAbstrakBenih kakao termasuk benih rekalsitran yang mempunyai sifat mengalami penuaan dan kemunduran benih selama penyimpanan, viabilitas benih menurun apabila diturunkan kadar airnya (12-31%) dan tidak tahan disimpan pada suhu dan kelembaban rendah. Untuk pengadaan benih berkualitas perlu dikuasai teknologi penyimpanan benih secara tepat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknik pengemasan yang tepat dalam mempertahankan viabilitas benih kakao (Theobroma cacao. L) selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Pebruari sampai Juni 2018, di Laboratorium Dasar Universitas Batanghari. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan lingkungan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan kemasan kardus dengan beberapa lubang ventilasi yaitu : P0= kardus tanpa ventilasi, P1= kardus ventilasi 2%, P2= kardus ventilasi 4%, P3= kardus ventilasi 6 % dan P4= kardus ventilasi 8%. Peubah yang diamati adalah: Kadar air benih, persentase benih yang berkecambah dalam penyimpanan, persentase daya kecambah setelah penyimpanan, kecepatan berkecambah setelah penyimpanan, persentase benih berjamur dalam penyimpanan dan identifikasi jamur. Untuk melihat pengaruh perlakuan, dilakukan uji F pada taraf 5%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf ? 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ventilasi pengemasan berpengaruh terhadap peubah persentase benih berjamur dan berkecambah dalam penyimpanan serta viabilitas dan vigor benih. Pada perlakuan antar ventilasi, tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan, akan tetapi secara ekonomis dianjurkan penggunaan ventilasi sebesar 8%. Sampai penyimpanan pada hari ke-12 perlakuan ventilasi kemasan dapat menahan serangan jamur 17,19% dibandingkan kontrol. Jumlah ventilasi tidak menunjukkan mampu menahan viabilitas dan vigor setelah penyimpanan. Jamur yang teridentifikasi dalam penyimpanan benih adalah Fusarium spp. dan Aspergillus spp.Kata kunci : Rekalsitran, viabilitas, kadar air benih





2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Niemenak ◽  
Katja Saare-Surminski ◽  
Christina Rohsius ◽  
Denis Omokolo Ndoumou ◽  
Reinhard Lieberei


2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 13552
Author(s):  
Koné Daouda ◽  
Kouassi Kan Modeste ◽  
N’Nan Alla Oulo ◽  
Koffi Kouablan Edmond


2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Édson Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Luciana Cardoso Cidade ◽  
Fátima Cerqueira Alvim ◽  
Júlio Cézar de Mattos Cascardo ◽  
Marcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa

The objective of this work was to evaluated a procedure for somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) elite clones. Petal explants from cacao clones TSH 565 and TSH 1188 were cultured on PCG and SCG-2 media, for calli growth. Somatic embryos were formed on the surface of embryogenic calli after transfer to embryo development (ED) medium. Clone TSH 565 showed a higher embryogenic potential than TSH 1188. The best combination of carbon source for embryo induction in ED medium was genotype-specific. Embryogenic callus formations increased in micropore tape-sealed Petri dishes, irrespective of cacao genotype. Mature somatic embryos were successfully converted into plantlets.



Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document