Centralization Versus Decentralization of Legislative Production and the Effect of Each on the Duration of Disputes

Author(s):  
Giuseppe Di Vita
2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
Viviane Cristina dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Bosi Ferraz

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: The Federal Constitution of 1988 allowed the National Congress to contribute towards formulation of new public policies. The objective of this study was to analyze the legislative production that dealt with health issues that was in passage in the National Congress between January 2007 and December 2008. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive-exploratory cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative approaches, conducted in a federal university. METHODS: The analysis material for the study comprised 144 draft bills that were classified and subsequently randomly evaluated by 155 professionals working within the healthcare system. RESULTS: The analysis showed that the Workers' Party (PT) and Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) were the parties that presented the largest proportions of the draft bills (12.5% and 11.1%); 25.4% of the draft bills were presented by congress members with academic qualifications within healthcare and only 1.4% of the draft bills became transformed into legal regulations. In questionnaire responses, 51.5% of the evaluators did not consider the draft bills to be viable, 40.6% did not consider them to be relevant and 52.5% said that if the draft bills were not approved it would not be harmful to Brazilian society. CONCLUSION: In analyzing the data from this study, it was noted that the legislative production relating to healthcare was low and the transformation rate from draft bill to legal regulation was negligible. The results from the evaluation showed that the quality of legislative production was impaired.


Public Choice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Facchini ◽  
Elena Seghezza

AbstractThe aim of this article is to help explain the history of the public spending-to-GDP ratio in France by examining the production of laws and regulations. It empirically finds a positive and significant relationship between the number of pages in the Official Gazette of the French Republic and the development of the public expenditure-to-GDP ratio. We rely on the number of pages in the Official Gazette as a proxy for the cost of implementing laws and regulations. If unchecked, a proliferation of laws and regulations expands public spending. Over the period 1905–2015, a 10% increase in pages caused a 1.14% increase in the public expenditure-to-GDP ratio.


2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENTARO FUKUMOTO

AbstractLegislative scholars have debated what factors (e.g. divided government) account for the number of important laws a legislative body passes per year. This paper presents a monopoly model for explaining legislative production. It assumes that a legislature adjusts its law production so as to maximize its utility. The model predicts that socio-economic and political changes increase the marginal benefit of law production, whereas low negotiation costs and ample legislative resources decrease the marginal cost of law production. The model is tested in two ways. The first approach compares the legislatures of 42 developed and developing countries. The second analyzes Japanese lawmaking from 1949 to 1990, using an appropriate method for event count time series data. Both empirical investigations support the model's predictions for legislative production.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Carlos María López Espadafor

Abstract: International Tax Law has grown significantly and this has caused a considerable in­crease in the importance of the legislative production affecting it, through both national and internatio­nal rules. Within those rules of international origin, conventions intended to avoid international double taxation stand out, essentially those following the OECD model. Along with this and also within Eu­ropean Union law, there has been a significant structuring of the rules involving international taxation. That said, we can never lose sight -upon the basis of the dogmatic structuring of international taxation- of the General International Law rules affecting it. These may occasionally be overshadowed by the rules of the countless international conventions on the matter, but the former rules cannot cease to be taken as the basis. Therefore, the globalized structuring of international taxation cannot ignore the gene­ral principles upon which it will be based, either as direct sources in matters of international tax law, or as a sub-discipline within tax law proper. Indeed, the national structuring of international tax law cannot be carried out just by taking into consideration the legislative results of globalization, but also by never losing sight of the principles that lead to general international law tax matters. Even though globaliza­tion as a process begins to play a greater role in tax law issues, the country’s national examination of international tax law cannot divert from the general basis of this tax law sub-discipline.Keywords: International taxation, Financial and Tax Law, International Tax Law, General International Law, sources of Law.Resumen: La fiscalidad internacional ha experimentado un gran crecimiento, aumentando con­siderablemente el volumen de producción normativa que le afecta, ya se trate de normas de origen internacional o de normas de origen interno. Dentro de las fuentes de origen internacional que le afec­tan, destacan especialmente los convenios para evitar la doble imposición internacional, esencialmente siguiendo el Modelo de la OCDE. Junto a ello, también dentro de la disciplina jurídica de la Unión Eu­ropea se ha producido un importante desarrollo de las normas que afectan a la fiscalidad internacional. Ahora bien, en la base de la construcción dogmática de la fiscalidad internacional no se deben perder de vista las normas de Derecho Internacional General que le afectan, ensombrecidas a veces por las normas de los numerosísimos convenios internacionales en la materia, pero que éstos no pueden dejar de tomar como base. Así pues, el desarrollo globalizado de la fiscalidad internacional no puede desconocer los principios generales que le deben servir de base, ya sea como fuentes directas en materia de fiscalidad internacional, ya sea como bases esenciales sobre las que conformar la fiscalidad internacional, como subdisciplina dentro de la disciplina tributaria. Incluso el desarrollo a nivel interno de la fiscalidad inter­nacional no se puede hacer sólo tomando en consideración los resultados normativos del fenómeno de la globalización, sino que debe hacerse también sin perder nunca de vista los principios que derivan en materia tributaria del Derecho Internacional General. Aunque el fenómeno globalizador cobre un espe­cial protagonismo en materia tributaria, la contemplación interna de la fiscalidad internacional no puede alejarse de las bases generales de esta subdisciplina tributaria.Palabras clave: Fiscalidad internacional, Derecho Financiero y Tributario, Derecho Internacional Tri­butario, Derecho Internacional General, fuentes del derecho.


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Di Vita

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical investigation into the effects on the duration of disputes of the coordination externalities that arise from the decentralization of laws and regulatory power from the state to the regions. To this aim we consider Italy, whose territory is divided into twenty regions, using a dataset derived from 800 judgements pronounced by the Italian regional administrative courts over eight years, from 2000 to 2007. The most important result of our research is that in sectors where European legislation prevails, and lower coordination externalities are observed, we find a shorter duration of disputes, whilst in economic sectors more exposed to decentralized legislation, with greater coordination externalities, disputes tend to have a longer duration.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Hosana Larissa Guimarães Oliveira ◽  
Augusto Cesar Rios Leiro

O presente estudo é parte de pesquisa de mestrado sobre políticas de formação de professores da Educação Básica, a partir da produção legislativa instituída e instituinte do Congresso Nacional brasileiro, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação e Contemporaneidade, da Universidade do Estado da Bahia. Objetivou analisar as propostas de políticas para formação de professores da Educação Básica presentes na produção legislativa instituinte das 53ª e 54ª Legislatura do Congresso Nacional. Foi realizada pesquisa documental junto à base de dados do Senado Federal e da Câmara dos Deputados, que mapeou 41 proposições de autoria do poder legislativo. Os dados foram analisados a partir de sete categorias temáticas: nível superior como lócus da formação de professores, formação específi ca na área em que atua, inclusão de conteúdos nos currículos dos cursos de formação, formação continuada, formação continuada por iniciativa individual investimento pessoal, formação e valorização profi ssional e avaliação docente. Os resultados sugerem a fragilidade deste poder na regulamentação da formação de professores no país, tanto por não terem nenhuma proposição aprovada, quanto pela superfi cialidade ou generalidade das proposições apresentadas.Palavras-chave: Poder legislativo. Política pública. Formação de professores. Educação básica.Legislative production and constitution of policies for the training of teachers in BrazilAbstracThe present study is part of a master’s research on policies for the training of Basic Education teachers, based on the legislative production instituted and instituting the Brazilian National Congress, linked to the Postgraduate Program in Education and Contemporaneity of the State University of Bahia. Aims to analyze the proposals of policies for the training of teachers present in the legislative production of basic education in the 53rd and 54th Legislatures of the National Congress. Document research was conducted with the database of the Senate and the Parliament, identified the 41 propositions authored by the legislature. The data were analyzed from seven thematic categories: higher level as locus of teacher training, specific training in the area in which it act, inclusion of content in the curricula of training courses, continuing training, continuing training by individual initiative personal investment, training and professional appreciation and teacher evaluation. The results suggest the fragility of this power in the regulation of teacher training in the country, both because they have no approved proposition and because of the superficiality or generality of the proposals presented.Keywords: Legislative power. Public policy. Teacher training. Basic education.Producción legislativa y constitución de políticas para la formación de profesores en BrasilResumenEl presente estudio es parte de una investigación de maestría sobre políticas de formación de profesores de la Educación Básica, a partir de la producción legislativa instituida e instituyente del Congreso Nacional brasileño, vinculada al Programa de Postgrado en Educación y Contemporaneidad de la Universidad del Estado de Bahía. Objetivó analizar las propuestas de políticas para la formación de profesores de la Educación Básica presentes en la producción legislativa instituyente de la 53ª y 54ª Legislatura del Congreso Nacional. Se realizó una investigación documental junto a la base de datos del Senado Federal y de la Cámara de Diputados, que asignó 41 proposiciones de autoría del poder legislativo. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de siete categorias temáticas: nivel superior como locus de la formación de profesores, formación específica en el área en que actúa, inclusión de contenidos en los currículos de los cursos de formación, formación continuada, formación continuada por iniciativa individual inversión personal, formación y valorización profesional y evaluación docente. Los resultados sugieren la fragilidad de este poder en la regulación de la formación de profesores en el país, tanto por no tener ninguna proposición aprobada, como por la superficialidad o generalidad de las proposiciones presentadas.Palabras clave: Poder legislativo. Política pública. Formación de profesores. Educación básica. 


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