DMDD, Isolated from the Root of <i> Averrhoa carambola</i> L., Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting TLR4/TGFβ Signaling Pathway

IntroductionAs a key event leading to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has drawn increasing attention from researchers. The antiaging protein Klotho attenuates renal fibrosis in part by inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling in DKD. Early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1), which is activated mainly by ERK1/2, has been shown to play an important role in EMT. However, whether Klotho prevents EMT by inhibiting ERK1/2-dependent Egr-1 expression in DKD is unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate whether Klotho prevents EMT through Egr-1 downregulation by inhibiting the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in DKD.Research design and methodsMale C57BL/6J mice fed an high-fat diet for 4 weeks received 120 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), which was injected intraperitoneally. Klotho and Egr-1 expression was detected in the renal cortices of these mice on their sacrifice at 6 and 12 weeks after STZ treatment. In In vitro studies, we incubated HK2 cells under high-glucose (HG) or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) conditions to mimic DKD. We then transfected the cells with an Klotho-containing plasmid, Klotho small interfering RNA.ResultsKlotho expression was significantly decreased in the renal cortices of mice with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with the renal cortices of control mice at 6 weeks after treatment and even more significantly decreased at 12 weeks. In contrast, Egr-1 expression was significantly increased in mice with DM compared with control mice only at 12 weeks. We also found that Klotho overexpression downregulated Egr-1 expression and the (p-ERK1/2):(ERK1/2) ratio in HG-treated or TGF-β1-treated HK2 cells. Conversely, Klotho silencing upregulated Egr-1 expression and the (p-ERK1/2):(ERK1/2) ratio in HG-treated or TGF-β1-treated HK2 cells. Moreover, the effects of si-Klotho were abolished by the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059.ConclusionsKlotho prevents EMT during DKD progression, an effect that has been partially attributed to Egr-1 downregulation mediated by ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibition.

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C3a and C5a receptor antagonists ameliorate endothelial-myofibroblast transition via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2015.01.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 597-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Ling Li ◽

Lijia Chen ◽

Jing Zang ◽

Xi Tang ◽

Yan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Disease ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Receptor Antagonists ◽

C5a Receptor ◽

Diabetic Kidney

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A Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Predicting Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Shuilu Erxian Dan in Treating Diabetic Kidney Disease

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54579/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tingchao Wu ◽

Rensong Yue ◽

Mingmin He

Keyword(s):

Kidney Disease ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Fluid Shear Stress ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Network Pharmacology ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Active Components ◽

Diabetic Kidney

Abstract Background and objective: Recent years, some Chinese scholars have applied Shuilu Erxian Dan (SED) to the treatment of treating diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and achieved well curative effect. However, these studies are mostly limited to clinical observation. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of SED in treating DKD. Methods The active components of SED were retrieved in TCMSP database and BATMAN-TCM database, and the herbal targets were obtained by drugbank database and SwissTargetPrediction platform. The gene expression data of DKD patients were downloaded from GEO database and analyzed to obtain DKD-related targets. The ingredient-target network and the PPI network were constructed by Cytoscape software. The clusterProfiler package of R software is used for bioinformatic analysis. Molecular docking was further applied to verify the interaction between compounds and targets by Autodock Vina software. Results 610 differential expressed genes of DKD patients were obtained, and 29 potential targets of SED against DKD were screened out (including PPTGS2, FABP3, HSD17B2, FABP1, HSD11B2, CYP27B1, JUN, UGT2B7, VCAM1, CA2, MAOA, MMP2, CXCR1, SLC22A6, EPHX2, SLC47A1, FOS, EGF, CCL2, COL3A1, GSTA1, GSTA2, HSPA1A, DAO, ALDH2, ALB, GPR18, FPR2, and LPL). All the active ingredients in SED can act on the DKD-related targets, among which quercetin, Ellagic acid, and kaempferol may be the key active compounds. SED may play a therapeutic role in DKD by regulating pathways including “Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis”, “AGE − RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications” and “IL-17 signaling pathway”. Conclusion This study suggests that the mechanism of SED treating DKD is a complex network with multi-target and multi-pathway, which provides a reference for future experimental studies.

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