Determinants of Vitamin A Deficiency of Under-5 Children in Rural and Urban Areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
Md. Moyazzem Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Assessment of immunization Status of Children between 12-23 months in Bareilly District

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari S Joshi ◽  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
Arun Singh ◽  
Vipul Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Rural And Urban

Objectives: To assess the immunization status of children in the age group 12-23 months and to know the reasons for non-immunization of children. Method: -  A cross-sectional survey was conducted using WHO’s thirty cluster sampling technique in rural and urban areas of Bareilly district from August 2008 to January 2009. Rural areas were divided into blocks and blocks were divided into villages. Urban areas were divided into wards. Villages and wards were taken as clusters. During the house-to-house survey, a total of 240 children of age 12-23 months were included in the present study. Result:  only around 50% of children were fully immunized while 27.5% were partially and 22.5 % were not immunized at all. Immunization coverage was highest for BCG (62.5%) and lowest for measles (39.2%). Dropout rates were 37.3%, 19.7% and 18.2% for BCG to measles, DPT1 to DPT3 and OPV1 to OPV3 respectively. Vitamin A prophylaxis showed a decline from 38.3 % to 16.7%. Amongst the various reasons for not immunizing the child, the most common in both rural (78.7%) and urban areas (28.6%) was lack of awareness for the need of vaccination. However in rural areas lack of availability of services (87.2%) was the major cause for not immunizing the child. Conclusion: The present study shows a low coverage of immunization and Vitamin A prophylaxis in both rural and urban areas. Important reasons for non-immunization were lack of awareness about vaccination and availability of immunization services in rural areas and urban areas.Key Words: Immunization coverage; Children between 12-23 months; Vitamin A Prophylaxis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i2.5091 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1 (2):47-50

scholarly journals Vitamin A status and body composition in Mexican lactating women from rural and urban areas using the stable isotope “dose to the mother” technique (645.11)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Lopez‐Teros ◽  
Ana Teresa Limón‐Miró ◽  
Rosa Consuelo Villegas‐Valle ◽  
Lesley Evelyn Antúnez‐Román ◽  
Orlando Tortoledo‐Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals Morbidity Profile of School Children in Rural and Urban Areas of Visakhapatnam – A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 1835-1840
Author(s):  
Errayya Dowrula ◽  
Venkata Durga Prasad Vithanala ◽  
Sunita Sreegiri ◽  
Phani Madhavi Kajana ◽  
Devi Madhavi Bhimarasetty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

BACKGROUND Children from rural areas and urban slums suffer from poor quality of life. In spite of several health programmes in existence, conditions such as infections, malnutrition etc. continue to be major threats leading to morbidities among school children. This study was conducted to evaluate the various morbid conditions prevailing among school going children and compare the urban and rural scenarios in Visakhapatnam district. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted between November 2018 and October 2019 (1 year) among secondary school children studying in classes 6 th to 10th (age between 11 and 15 years) of three randomly selected government schools in urban and rural areas. A total of 800 school going children was considered (400 from three rural and 400 from three urban schools) for the study. Prior approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee was taken for the study. Data was collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire. Clinical examination was conducted to detect any morbidity. RESULTS The most common morbid condition was found to be anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was 47.12 %, followed by nose, throat, and eye conditions (33.87 %, 22.5 % and 30.75 % respectively) and morbidity of oral cavity (30.62 %). The prevalence of skin infections such as pediculosis and tinea and other fungal infections was 24.87 %. CONCLUSIONS Children in urban schools were found to be suffering more from skin, nose and throat abnormalities and anaemia as compared to children from rural schools who had ocular problems especially signs of Vitamin A deficiency along with anaemia. KEYWORDS Morbidity, School Children, Rural and Urban Areas

scholarly journals Situation of Iron Deficiency and Its Management Prioritizing Dietary Intervention in Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
B K Adhikari ◽  
U Koirala ◽  
STA Lama ◽  
P Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Nutrition Policies

Background Control of iron deficiency disorders is prioritized in the nutrition policies of Nepal. The situation is still threatening the public health in both rural and urban areas. Objective There are limited reviews on the iron deficiency situation in Nepal. This study was undertaken to find out the extent of iron deficiency anemia and intake of dietary iron among the general population in Nepal. Materials and methods Published research articles, books, bulletins, and online materials regarding iron deficiency were studied in both national and international scenarios. Results Nearly 46 percent of children (6–59 months) and 35 percent of women (15–49 years) were still suffering from anemia though the trend has been decreasing for the last 15 years. Mostly, young children (6–23 months) and pregnant women were the victims due to their high iron requirements and lower intake of dietary iron. The most common risk factors related to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) found in different studies were low intake of dietary iron, vitamin A deficiency, hookworm infection, malaria, heavy menstrual blood loss, and multiparity. Iron deficiency situation in the Nepalese population is triggered by Illiteracy, lack of awareness, negligence, poor economy, food insecurity, lack of food diversity, changes in dietary behavior, cultural behaviors, poor health and sanitation, and patriarchal structure of the society. Conclusion The main risk factor of IDA is low intake of dietary iron. There is a need of multiple approaches to address IDA with more focus on dietary iron to reduce anemia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v2i2.6573 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2012;2(2):182-190 

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

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