Birth Weight: Earliest, Non-Modifiable, Risk Factor for Non-Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). Among various risk factors, poor nutrition quality has been identified as a leading determinant of NCD. Methods The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study provided a comprehensive comparative risk assessment (CRA) of risk factor for NCD, quantifying the impact of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. Special focus on nutritional risk factors will be dedicated, discussing the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Results In 2017, over 30 million deaths were attributable to risk factors. When ranked, high systolic blood pressure was the leading risk factor, accounting for more than 10 million deaths, followed by, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. A total of 11 million deaths were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium, low intake of whole grains, and low intake of fruits were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths globally. However, important differences between regions and outcome (i.e., cardiovascular disease vs. cancer) have been registered. Besides the major aforementioned factors, underrated dietary risk factors, such as low calcium intake, have been found important contributors to cancer burden in certain developed countries. Interpretation The combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in NCD at the global level. These data provide a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations.

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Characterization of smoking as a risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases from the data of an analysis of the activities of Tomsk health centers

Profilakticheskaya meditsina ◽

10.17116/profmed201518121-24 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. S. Kobyakova ◽

E. S. Kulikov ◽

I. A. Deev ◽

E. A. Starovoitova ◽

N. V. Selivanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Health Centers ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

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Metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e049565

Author(s):

Tilahun Tewabe Alamnia ◽

Wubshet Tesfaye ◽

Solomon Abrha ◽

Matthew Kelly

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Age Variations

ObjectivesNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are causing a new and yetsignificant health challenge in low-income countries. In Ethiopia, although 39% of deaths are NCD related, the health system remains underprepared, highlighting the clear need for evidence on risk factor distributions to inform resource planning and the health response. Therefore, this review investigates prevalence distributions and sex and age variations of metabolic risk factors among Ethiopian adults.Research design and methodsThis systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies published until 6 January 2021 were searched from PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Web of Science databases, reference lists of selected studies and grey literature. Studies reporting prevalence of metabolic risk factors: overweight/obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose homoeostasis and metabolic syndrome among Ethiopian adults were eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Two authors independently extracted data and used the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for quality appraisal. The random effects model was used to conduct meta-analysis using Stata V.16. Subgroup analyses examined prevalence differences by region, study year, sample size and settings.ResultsFrom 6087 records, 74 studies including 104 382 participants were included. Most showed high prevalence of metabolic risk factors. Meta-analysis revealed pooled prevalence of metabolic risk factors from 12% to 24% with the highest prevalence observed for overweight/obesity (23.9%, 95% CI 19.9% to 28.0%) and hypertension (21.1%, 95% CI 18.7% to 23.5%), followed by metabolic syndrome (14.7%, 95% CI 9.8% to 19.6%) and impaired glucose tolerance (12.4%, 95% CI 8.7% to 16.1%). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in women. All metabolic risk factors were higher among people aged above 45 years.ConclusionsA signficant proportion of Ethiopian adults have at least one metabolic risk factor for NCDs. Despite heterogeneity of studies limiting the certainty of evidence, the result suggests the need for coordinated effort among policymakers, healthcare providers, non-governmental stakeholders and the community to implement appropriate preventive measures to reduce these factors.

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OBESITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Russian Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.15829/1560-4071-2016-6-73-79 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

O. M. Drapkina ◽

S. O. Eliashevich ◽

R. N. Shepel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

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Alcohol consumption, obesity and hypertension: Relationship patterns along different age groups in Uganda

10.1101/654251 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye ◽

Gerald Mutungi ◽

Silver Bahendeka ◽

Ronald Wesonga ◽

Monica H. Swahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Age Groups ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Age Group ◽

Relationship Patterns ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Prevalence Ratios

AbstractIntroductionUganda is experiencing a significant increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases including hypertension and obesity. Frequent alcohol use is also highly prevalent in Uganda and is a key risk factor for both hypertension and obesity. This study determines the trends of frequent alcohol consumption, hypertension and obesity across different age groups, and the extent to which alcohol consumption affects the two.MethodsThe data were extracted from the 2014 National Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factor Survey (N=3,987) conducted among adults aged 18 to 69 years. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHG or diastolic blood pressure ≥90. Obesity was defined as body mass index >30 kg/m2. Frequent alcohol consumption was defined as alcohol use 3 or more times a week. Multivariable log binomial regression analysis was carried out for each of the two outcome variables against age group and controlled for frequency of alcohol consumption and few other independent factors. Non-parametric tests were used to compare trends of prevalence ratios across age groups. Modified Poisson regression was use in few instances when the model failed to converge.ResultsThe results showed increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension and frequent alcohol consumption but a declining trend for obesity along different age groups (p<0.01). Frequency of alcohol consumption did not significantly modify the age group-hypertension and age group-obesity relationships although the effect was significant with ungrouped age. There was significance in difference of fitted lines for hypertension prevalence ratios between frequent drinkers and mild drinkers and between abstainers and frequent drinkers. Alcohol consumption did not have any significant effect on obesity-age group relationship.ConclusionThe results call for more research to understand the effect of alcohol on the hypertension-age relationship, and the obesity-age relationship. Why prevalence ratios for hypertension decline among those who take alcohol most frequently is another issue that needs further research.

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Study of mortality and morbidity patterns and various emerging non communicable diseases in the elderly

Medpusle International Journal of Medicine ◽

10.26611/102119314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 150-154

Author(s):

Sanjay B Jagtap ◽

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

The Elderly ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Age Group ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

Background: The geriatric population is defined as population aged 60 years and above. The mixed profile of communicable and non-communicable diseases among the elderly population in developing countries places a huge burden on the existing health care delivery system. Present hospital based cross-sectional study was focused on the morbidity profile of the elderly and improve the health care services so as to enable them to lead a productive life. Material and Methods: Present study was single centre, descriptive observational study, conducted in subjects above 60 years and both gender, visiting to OPD and IPD, willing to participate in study after written consent. Results: We included total 200 geriatric population in our study. Majority of them were from 60-70 years age group (50 %) followed by 71-80 years (37%) and 81-90 years age group (13%). Mean age was 70.75±7.25 years. Males were 56.5% and females were 43.5%. Males were predominant in our study with male to female ratio 1.29:1. Most common addiction seen among the patients are tobacco chewing (49.5%) followed by smoking (27%), followed by pan (24.5%), nut (21.5%) and alcohol (10.5%). Family history of diabetes and hypertension was present in 63.5% and 72% cases respectively. Prevalence of cataract as commonest observed morbidity in our study was 60%, DM 37%, hypertension 34%, IHD 33.5%, anemia 21%, hearing loss 11.5% and cancer was 4%. Out of 45 deaths, 44.4% deaths occurred in patients with IHD as risk factor, 26.6% deaths occurred in patients with COPD as risk factor, 22.2% deaths occurred in patients with CVA/stroke as risk factor and 17.8% deaths occurred in patients with AKI as risk factor. So IHD, COPD, CVA and AKI were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusion: Commonly observed morbidities were cataract (60%), diabetes mellitus (37%), hypertension (34%), ischemic heart disease (33.5%) Significant association of mortality was seen with ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular accident and acute kidney injury.

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