Policy Changes to Strengthen the Protection of Media Freedom and Media Pluralism in the EU

European Union – Common Foreign and Security Policy – Changes with the abolition of the pillar structure by the Lisbon Treaty – Common Security and Defence Policy – Executive order of the EU – Between supranationalism and intergovernmentalism – The role of the High Representative – Joint political leadership – The European External Action Service as an administrative infrastructure – Constitutionalisation of foreign affairs

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Political Will and Media Law: A Poland Case Analysis

East European Politics and Societies and Cultures ◽

10.1177/08883254211049514 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088832542110495

Author(s):

Damian Guzek ◽

Agnieszka Grzesiok-Horosz

Keyword(s):

Case Analysis ◽

Legal Order ◽

Media Law ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Political Will ◽

Media Freedom ◽

Media Companies ◽

Public Media ◽

The Media ◽

Legal Pressure

A significant element of Central and Eastern Europe’s democracies backsliding process turns out to be changes in the media law. These changes are now leading to a decline in media freedom. The article attempts to understand this phenomenon by analyzing the process of legal and policy changes in Poland. In the course of the analysis, the reader’s attention is drawn to three elements that form the mainline of events related to the weakening of media freedom. These are, in turn, (a) the takeover of public media by influencing the staffing of media companies, (b) introducing a new, completely politicized body into the legal order, which duplicates the already existing and partially politicized media authority, and (c) exerting economic and legal pressure on the media independent of the authorities, so that they can be taken over by state-owned companies or businessmen favoring the authorities. As a whole, this decline in media freedom can be viewed as a strategy that antagonizes society.

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Effects of Serbian accession to the European Union

Panoeconomicus ◽

10.2298/pan1203355h ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 355-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mario Holzner ◽

Valentina Ivanic

Keyword(s):

Trade Liberalization ◽

Consumer Surplus ◽

The European Union ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Eu Accession ◽

Consumer Prices ◽

The World ◽

Producer Surplus ◽

The One ◽

The Eu

In this article, the global simulation model (GSIM) of Joseph F. Francois and Keith H. Hall (2009) for analyzing global, regional, and unilateral trade policy changes was applied to Serbia. This was to measure the effects of full trade liberalization with the EU after Serbian accession to the EU. As anticipated, most of the changes in welfare after full liberalization of trade between Serbia and EU can be expected in sectors where Serbia has specialized; protection against imports from the EU is strong. However, losses could also occur in sectors that currently face strong protection against the rest of the world and this protection is lost after EU accession. Trade liberalization will lead to a substantial loss of tariff revenues. Reduced consumer prices might, on the one hand increase consumer surplus but on the other hand decrease producer surplus and output in certain industries.

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GSIM Measurement of the Effects of the EU accession of the Balkans and Turkey on Agricultural Trade

South East European Journal of Economics and Business ◽

10.2478/v10033-008-0001-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mario Holzner

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Trade ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Eu Accession ◽

The Balkans ◽

Accession Countries ◽

The One ◽

A Minor ◽

Very High ◽

Minor Extent ◽

The Eu

GSIM Measurement of the Effects of the EU accession of the Balkans and Turkey on Agricultural Trade In this paper, the global simulation model (GSIM) for the analysis of global, regional, and unilateral trade policy changes by Francois and Hall (2003) was applied to the agricultural trade between the EU, the Balkans and Turkey. This was done in order to measure the effects of an EU accession of the Balkans and Turkey. Most of the changes in welfare after a full liberalisation of agricultural trade between the Balkans and Turkey on the one hand and the EU on the other hand can be expected in the accession countries themselves. It is estimated that incumbent EU members will be affected only to a minor extent. It was also estimated that the exchange rate risk is not very high.

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Media diversity in Portugal: political framework and current challenges

Media & Jornalismo ◽

10.14195/2183-5462_31_1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (31) ◽

pp. 11-28

Author(s):

Carla Baptista ◽

Marisa Torres da Silva

Keyword(s):

Media Literacy ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Public Television ◽

Media Access ◽

Literacy Environment ◽

Media Freedom ◽

Media Diversity ◽

Media Pluralism ◽

The Media ◽

Considerable Work

This article addresses the current “state of the art” in Portuguese media diversity policy, focusing on the social inclusiveness domain within public service media. The indicators assess regulatory and policy safeguards for community media, access to media by minorities, local and regional communities, women and people with disabilities, as well as the country’s media literacy environment. Although the majority of these in dicators have legal safeguards or benefit from specific policies, we concluded there is still considerable work to be done, particularly in the realms of media literacy and the representation of minority groups and women in the media. This article results from an on-going research, gathering data and literature review from the following projects: Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM) project, implemented by the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) at the European University Institute and funded by the European Commission; and DIVinTV - Public Television and Cultural Diversity in Portugal, funded by FCT.

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Measuring Media Literacy in the EU: Results from the Media Pluralism Monitor 2015

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2906216 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Matteo Cernison ◽

Alina Ostling

Keyword(s):

Media Literacy ◽

Media Pluralism ◽

The Media ◽

The Eu

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A Vital Report on Trends in Media Freedom and Its Link with the Future of Democracy

Journal of Creative Communications ◽

10.1177/0973258619852004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 160-170

Author(s):

Vipul Mudgal

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Good Governance ◽

Freedom Of Expression ◽

Freedom Of Speech ◽

Public Access ◽

Access To Information ◽

Media Freedom ◽

Communication Environment ◽

Media Pluralism ◽

Development Goals

UNESCO’s report World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development is aimed at creating a heightened awareness about human development, media freedom and public access to information for which an enabling environment hinges on peoples’ awareness and participation. The report is like a tool for implementing UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which have a deadline of 2030. It reaffirms that an impartial and responsible media will thrive only in a just and sensible society with good governance, strong democratic institutions, and a healthy media landscape. It calls for media pluralism, diverse, transparent and non-monopolistic ownership, and a healthy communication environment. The report warns of authoritarianism of governments and goes on to show that the issue of media independence matters for both protecting freedom of speech and democracy.

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