Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Urban Poor in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD RASEL
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Ecological impact evaluation of urban heat island in Dhaka city; a spatio-temporal approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi Jihadur Rashid ◽  
Sumaia Islam ◽  
Mohammad Atiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Urban heat island (UHI) is one of the major causes for deteriorating ecology of the rapidly expanding Dhaka city in the changing climatic conditions. Although researchers have identified, characterized and modeled UHI in the study area, the ecological evaluation of UHI effect has not yet been focused. This study uses land surface normalization techniques such as urban thermal field variance (UTFVI) to quantify the impact of UHI and also identifies vulnerable UHI areas compared to land cover types. Landsat imageries from 1990 to 2020 were used at decadal intervals. Results of the study primarily show that intensified UHI areas have increased spatially from 33.1–40.9% in response to urban growth throughout the period of 1990 to 2020. Extreme surface temperature values above 31°C have also been shown in open soils in under-construction sites for future developmental purposes. UTFVI is categorized into six categories representing UHI intensity in relation to ecological conditions. Finally, comparative analysis between land use/land cover (LULC) with UTFVI shows that the ecological conditions deteriorate as the intensity of UHI increases in the area. The developed areas facing ecological threat have increased from 9.3–19.8% throughout the period. Effective mitigating measures such as increasing green surfaces and planned urbanization practices are crucial in this regard. This study would help policymakers to concentrate on controlling thermal exposure and on preserving sustainable urban life.

Impact of Urban Basic Services on Immunization Coverage In a Slum Area of Northern India

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chandra ◽  
V K Srivastava ◽  
S Nirupam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Impact

The Urban Basic Services (UBS) programme was launched in some of the urban slums in the major cities of India in the year 1986. The main objective of the Urban Basic Services (UBS) Program is to improve and upgrade the quality of life of the urban poor, particularly the women and children. The major thrust area under the UBS programme includes child survival and development, learning opportunities for women and children, water and sanitation, and community organization. The present study attempts to find out the impact of the UBS Program in terms of the immunization coverage carried out in slums covered by UBS and comparing it with non-UBS slums using the 30-cIuster sampling technique as suggested by WHO. The percentage of fully immunized children was higher (16.2%) in the UBS slums compared to 10.9% in non-UBS slums. The immunization coverage of children was slightly better in the UBS slums for BCG, DPT and Oral Polio Vaccines, while for measles it was 18.6% in UBS slums and 11.9% in non-UBS slums. The dropout rates for I to III doses of DPT was much higher (36.4%) in non-UBS slums as compared to 28% in UBS slums. The availability of immunization cards was found to be higher in both mothers (16.7%) and children (22.4%) in UBS slums compared to the non-UBS ones (5.2% and 8.6% respectively). The slums thus covered under the UBS program have done marginally better in immunization but it appears that to assess the overall impact of UBS, all the components of services and not merely immunization should be assessed.

Gambling with the State: Land Titles and Personhood Rights among the Urban Poor in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilis MULYANI
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
The State ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Land Titling ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Land Titles ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDue to the pressures of urbanization, the urban poor often find themselves trapped in illegal settlements and informal employment. As housing is not affordable and formal employment is inaccessible to them because of their lack of education and skills, they live a precarious existence with insecure land tenure and employment. Discriminated against by the state on the grounds of their illegal status, the urban poor are unable to establish their identity and personhood rights as urban citizens, and so cannot access basic rights such as health care and social security. This article is based on fieldwork in Surakarta in Indonesia which studied the impact of a land-titling programme in an area previously characterized by informal tenure. It finds that the legitimation provided by land titles had a significant impact upon the lives of the residents, enabling them to access other personhood rights.

scholarly journals UNSETTLING THE GEOGRAPHY OF OAKLAND'S WAR ON POVERTY

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Local Level ◽  
War On Poverty ◽  
The Political ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractHistorical studies of the War on Poverty have overwhelmingly focused on its consequences in African American communities. Many studies have grappled with how War on Poverty innovations co-opted a thriving African American social movement. This paper explores the impact of War on Poverty programs on the development of a political cadre of Mexican American grassroots leaders in Oakland, California. It investigates how coordinated 1960s protests by Mexican American organizations reveal Oakland's changing racial/ethnic conditions and shifting trends in the state's relationship to the urban poor. It demonstrates how a national shift to place-based solutions to poverty devolved the “problem of poverty” from the national to the local level and empowered a new set of actors—community-based organizations—in the fight against poverty. This essay argues that the devolution of federal responsibility for welfare provided the political and institutional opening for the rise of powerful Mexican American organizations whose goal was the recognition of a “Mexican American community” meriting government intervention. This essay also demonstrates how Mexican American organizations mobilized in relation to African American social movements and to geographies of poverty that were deemed exclusively Black.

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN WEST AFRICA: THE COWPEA STREET FOOD SECTOR IN NIGER AND GHANA

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIRIAM OTOO ◽  
JOAN FULTON ◽  
GERMAINE IBRO ◽  
JAMES LOWENBERG-DEBOER
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Women entrepreneurship in the informal sector, such as street food vending, is important for poverty alleviation in West Africa. The street food sector provides employment for women and inexpensive and nutritious food for the urban poor. In this paper, we determine the importance of the cowpea street food sector, evaluate the determinants of successful enterprises and ascertain the impact of economic, cultural, religious and geographic differentials between enterprises in Niamey, Niger and Kumasi, Ghana. Data were collected through in-person interviews with 114 and 122 women street food entrepreneurs in both countries in 2009. Results revealed that women entrepreneurs engaged in the cowpea street food sector can earn incomes 4 times and 16 times higher than the minimum legal wage in Niamey and Kumasi, respectively. Incomes earned from these entrepreneurial activities contribute directly to health, education and needs of their families. OLS regression results indicate that lack of financial resources, stable business locations and religious beliefs are important entrepreneurial success factors. Cross-country comparisons revealed enterprises in Kumasi are larger and more successful than those in Niamey.

scholarly journals Are urban informal communities capable of co-production? The influence of community–public partnerships on water access in Lilongwe, Malawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis Adjei Adams ◽  
Godfred Odei Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Water Access ◽  
The Impact

The failure of the conventional public and private (market-based) water policies to improve urban water access in the global South has prompted growing interest in alternative models such as community–state co-production. However, there is little evidence of whether co-production can improve water service delivery in the informal settlements of sub-Saharan Africa where a disproportionately high percentage of the urban poor lives. This paper uses household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus groups to examine the impact of co-production on household water access and service delivery in the informal settlements of Lilongwe, Malawi. Co-production increased water accessibility, reduced the cost of water, increased the number of community water kiosks, and resulted in more effective financial management and accountability. However, challenges related to poor infrastructure and limited community capacity threaten the long-term sustainability of the co-production model. Urban informal residents lamented worsening water-supply interruptions and longer waiting times after co-production, challenges that require state intervention.

scholarly journals An assessment of mental health status of physicians working in medical college hospitals of Dhaka city

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Kazi Mahbubul Haque ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Saida Sharmin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Impact

Mental health status is often ignored in our country. Even many health care professionals commonly ignore the impact of mental illness on both daily and professional lives, which may lead to dire consequences. The purpose of this study was to find the mental health status of physicians working in medical college hospitals of Dhaka city. A cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2015 for this purpose among 215 number of respondents selected conveniently. Data were collected from 210 physicians by face-to face interview using a semi structured questionnaire containing 4DSQ (Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire), socio economic and other variables. The prevalence of mental illness was calculated according to the scoring system of the scale. Mental illness prevalence was as follows: distress 20%, Anxiety 15.7%, Depression 15.2% and Somatization 8.6%. Majority of the respondents were interns and below 30 years of age. However, in light of current pandemic situation, regular assessment of health personnel’s mental health is needed more than ever. Bang J Psychiatry 2018;32(2): 37-39

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