scholarly journals Common Ownership in the US Pharmaceutical Industry: A Network Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Banal-Estañol ◽  
Melissa Newham ◽  
Jo Seldeslachts
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Common Ownership ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Common Ownership in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry: A Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-99
Author(s):  
Albert Banal-Estañol ◽  
Melissa Newham ◽  
Jo Seldeslachts
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Common Ownership ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

We investigate patterns in common ownership networks between firms that are active in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry for the period 2004–2014. Our main findings are that “brand firms”—that is, firms that have research and development capabilities and launch new drugs—exhibit relatively dense common ownership networks with each other that further increase significantly in density over time, whereas the network of “generic firms”—that is, firms that primarily specialize in developing and launching generic drugs—is much sparser and stays that way over the span of our sample. Finally, when considering the common ownership links between brands firms, on the one hand, and generic firms, on the other, we find that brand firms have become more connected to generic firms over time. We discuss the potential antitrust implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Adolescent Depression Screening: Not So Fast

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Edmund C. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
The Uk

Background: Screening adolescents for depression has recently been advocated by two major national organizations. However, this practice is not without controversy. Objective: To review diagnostic, clinical, and conflict of interest issues associated with the calls for routine depression screening in adolescents. Method: The evaluation of depression screening by the US Preventive Services Task Force is compared and contrasted with those of comparable agencies in the UK and Canada, and articles arguing for and against screening are reviewed. Internal pharmaceutical industry documents declassified through litigation are examined for conflicts of interest. A case is presented that illustrates the substantial diagnostic limitations of self-administered mental health screening tools. Discussion: The value of screening adolescents for psychiatric illness is questionable, as is the validity of the screening tools that have been developed for this purpose. Furthermore, many of those advocating depression screening are key opinion leaders, who are in effect acting as third-party advocates for the pharmaceutical industry. The evidence suggests that a commitment to marketing rather than to science is behind their recommendations, although their conflicts of interest are hidden in what seem to be impartial third-party recommendations.

scholarly journals The Pharmaceutical Industry in 2019. An Analysis of FDA Drug Approvals from the Perspective of Molecules

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz G. de la Torre ◽  
Fernando Albericio
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Antibody Drug Conjugates ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
Antibody Drug

During 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 48 new drugs (38 New Chemical Entities and 10 Biologics). Although this figure is slightly lower than that registered in 2018 (59 divided between 42 New Chemical Entities and 17 Biologics), a year that broke a record with respect to new drugs approved by this agency, it builds on the trend initiated in 2017, when 46 drugs were approved. Of note, three antibody drug conjugates, three peptides, and two oligonucleotides were approved in 2019. This report analyzes the 48 new drugs of the class of 2019 from a strictly chemical perspective. The classification, which was carried out on the basis of chemical structure, includes the following: Biologics (antibody drug conjugates, antibodies, and proteins); TIDES (peptide and oligonucleotides); drug combinations; natural products; and small molecules.

The Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry

2011 ◽  
pp. 519-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Danzon
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Insurance Reimbursement ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Differential Pricing

This article summarizes the literature, and considers the issue of paying for research and development. It reviews research and development costs, regulation, productivity and incentives for innovation. It discusses market demand and pricing, effects of insurance, reimbursement regulation, alternatives to patents, and generics. Further, it reviews trends in promotion, regulation of promotion and its effects. It discusses global issues, including differential pricing and R&D for neglected diseases. The focus is on the US, as the home of the largest number of multinational pharmaceutical and smaller biotech companies. This article notes the important differences in regulatory and reimbursement systems in other countries. Finally it suggests that although there is large and growing literature on the pharmaceutical industry that has produced valuable information, important issues remain for future research.

scholarly journals Graph theory-based network analysis of regional uncertainties of the US Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 123064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangan Gupta ◽  
Chi-Keung (Marco) Lau ◽  
Xin Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Russian Twitter Accounts and the Partisan Polarization of Vaccine Discourse, 2015–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dror Walter ◽  
Yotam Ophir ◽  
Kathleen Hall Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Internet Research ◽  
Unsupervised Machine Learning ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
The Us

Objectives. To understand how Twitter accounts operated by the Russian Internet Research Agency (IRA) discussed vaccines to increase the credibility of their manufactured personas. Methods. We analyzed 2.82 million tweets published by 2689 IRA accounts between 2015 and 2017. Combining unsupervised machine learning and network analysis to identify “thematic personas” (i.e., accounts that consistently share the same topics), we analyzed the ways in which each discussed vaccines. Results. We found differences in volume and valence of vaccine-related tweets among 9 thematic personas. Pro-Trump personas were more likely to express antivaccine sentiment. Anti-Trump personas expressed support for vaccination. Others offered a balanced valence, talked about vaccines neutrally, or did not tweet about vaccines. Conclusions. IRA-operated accounts discussed vaccines in manners consistent with fabricated US identities. Public Health Implications. IRA accounts discussed vaccines online in ways that evoked political identities. This could exacerbate recently emerging partisan gaps relating to vaccine misinformation, as differently valenced messages were targeted at different segments of the US public. These sophisticated targeting efforts, if repeated and increased in reach, could reduce vaccination rates and magnify health disparities.

Mapping User-Centric Internet Geographies: How Similar are Countries in Their Web Use Patterns?

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Man Margaret Ng ◽  
Harsh Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Web Use ◽  
User Centric ◽  
Internet Market ◽  
Media Globalization

Abstract With half the world now online, a handful of websites dominate globally. Yet little is known about the homogeneity or geographical distinctness of global web use patterns. Focusing beyond popular sites, we inquired into how and why countries are similar in their web use patterns, developing a framework drawing on the literatures on media globalization, as well as Internet geographies. To compute similarities in web use between countries, we utilized an algorithm that considered both ranking positions and overlap counts on ranked lists of the 100 most popular websites for 174 countries, totaling 6,252 unique websites. Findings from a network analysis and from regressions suggest that countries with similar languages and shared borders, as well as those vastly different in their Internet market sizes, tend to have similar web use patterns. Neither are countries particularly similar to the US in web use nor does the prevalence of English speakers have an influence.

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