Ageing of Copper, Zinc and Synthetic Pesticides in Particle-Size and Chemical Fractions of Agricultural Soils

Porous pavements infiltrated with stormwater are faced with clogging problems: runoff particles seep and clog the pervious surface layer of these structures. Clogging material samples (in the form of sludge) have been collected in cleaning operations on the pervious asphalt. This study aims at characterizing these materials, particle size distribution, heavy metal contents by particle size, and studying interactions between metals and particles. A sequential extraction procedure proposed by the experts of the Community Bureau of Reference (B.C.R.) was applied to provide information about heavy metal distribution on particles and to evaluate interaction strength, and consequently potential metal mobility when chemical variations occurred in the environment. Mainly made up of sand, the materials are polluted with lead, copper, zinc and cadmium. The concentrations appeared to be linked with road traffic intensity. The heavy metal contents by particle size showed that the finer are the particles, the higher are the heavy metal concentrations. Heavy metals were found potentially labile; metals contents in the residual fraction (mineral fraction) represented less than 20 % of the total concentration. Cadmium and zinc were apparently more labile than lead and copper.

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The use of Agrochemicals for inc BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS Pb AND Cd IN LAND FOR CULTIVATYING CABBAGE IN KINTAMANI AREA BANGLI

ECOTROPHIC Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) ◽

10.24843/ejes.2018.v12.i01.p06 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Regi Mahendra ◽

I Made Siaka ◽

Iryanti Eka Suprihatin

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Digestion Method ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

Single Extraction ◽

Intensive Use ◽

Synthetic Pesticides ◽

Bioavailable Metals

The use of Agrochemicals for increasing the agricultural products are commonly applied on agricultural soils, especially the soil used for cultivatif cabbage in the area of Kintamani-Bangli, Province of Bali. Agricultural soils used for cultivatif cabbage in Kintamani area commonly apply inorganic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides for increasing the products. However the use of these agrochemicals tends to uncontrol and causes the soils polluted. One factor of contamination of soil is the presence of heavy metals in the soil. Intensive use of inorganic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides can lead to high levels of bioavailability of heavy metals in plants. This study intend to determine the total contents of heavy metals Pb and Cd in the agricultural soils and analyse bioavilability of those metals. The total metals was determined by the use of digestion method involving reverse aquaregia (HNO3:HCl, 3:1) and the bioavailability of the metals was determined by applying single extraction including HCl and EDTA extractions. The results show that the total contents of Pb and Cd in the soils were 4,1261 ± 0,1113 – 14,5923 ± 0,3790 mg/kg and 0,8803 ± 0,0259 - 0,9425 ± 0,0195 mg/kg respectively. The bioavailable metals of Pb and Cd in the soils was 31,14% - 42,53% and 78,70% - 80,73%, respectively.

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Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation of Fe (hydr)oxides in particle-size soil organic matter fractions from amended agricultural soils

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-14873 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Beatrice Giannetta ◽

Ramona Balint ◽

Daniel Said-Pullicino ◽

César Plaza ◽

Maria Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Organic C ◽

Amended Soils ◽

Mineral Transformations

Redox-driven changes in Fe crystallinity and speciation may affect soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization and carbon (C) turnover, with consequent influence on global terrestrial soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling.&#160;Under reducing conditions, increasing concentrations of Fe(II) released in solution from the reductive dissolution of Fe (hydr)oxides may accelerate ferrihydrite transformation, although our understanding of the influence of SOM on these transformations is still lacking.&#160;Here, we evaluated abiotic Fe(II)-catalyzed mineralogical changes in Fe (hydr)oxides in bulk soils and size-fractionated SOM pools (for comparison, fine silt plus clay, FSi+Cl, and fine sand, FSa) of an agricultural soil, unamended or amended with biochar, municipal solid waste compost, and a combination of both.&#160;FSa fractions showed the most significant Fe(II)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformations with the consequent production of well-ordered Fe oxides irrespective of soil amendment, with the only exception being the compost-amended soils. In contrast, poorly crystalline ferrihydrite still constituted ca. 45% of the FSi+Cl fractions of amended soils, confirming the that the higher SOM content in this fraction inhibits atom exchange between aqueous Fe(II) and the solid phase. Building on our knowledge of Fe(II)-catalyzed mineralogical changes in simple systems, our results evidenced that the mechanisms of abiotic Fe mineral transformations in bulk soils depend on Fe mineralogy, organic C content and quality, and organo-mineral associations that exist across particle-size SOM pools. Our results underline that in the fine fractions the increase in SOM due to organic amendments can contribute to limiting abiotic Fe(II)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformation, while coarser particle-size fractions represent an understudied pool of SOM subjected to Fe mineral transformations.&#160;

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Particle retention in compact constructed wetlands treating highway stormwater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1440-1446 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yaoping Chen ◽

Kisoo Park ◽

Youngchul Kim

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

High Porosity ◽

Treatment Tank ◽

Micro Particles ◽

Sedimentation Tank ◽

Operational Lifetime ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Positive Effect

Three pilot-scale compact constructed wetland systems were constructed to treat stormwater from a highway. They each comprised a sedimentation tank, and a vertical flow (VF) wetland bed equipped with a recirculation device. The VF wetland beds were filled with woodchip, pumice and volcanic gravel, respectively. According to the analysis of the particle size distributions (0.52–500 μm), the predominant particles in stormwater ranged in size from 0.52–30 μm. In the sedimentation tank, with a 24 h settling time, the settling efficiencies of the particles increased with increasing particle size. In the VF wetland beds, further capture of the particles was achieved; however, the woodchip and volcanic gravel wetlands displayed relatively low trapping of micro-particles, due to the natural properties of the substrates. Recirculation caused a positive effect on the retention of particles in the woodchip wetland. Due to the employment of a pre-treatment tank and the high porosity of materials, the accumulated solids occupied very low proportions of the pore volume in the wetland substrates. The results also showed that the accumulation of copper, zinc and lead do not pose a problem for the disposal of the substrates when the wetlands reach the end of their operational lifetime.

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Carbon distribution between density and particle size classes of differently managed soils in a 40-year agronomic long-term trial

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9801 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marius Mayer ◽

Andreas Fliessbach ◽

Paul Mäder ◽

Markus Steffens

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Management Systems ◽

Central Component ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

C Cycle ◽

Sequestration Potential

Soils contain more carbon (C) in the form of organic matter (soil organic matter = SOM) than the entire atmosphere and global vegetation combined. They are a central component of the global C cycle and its largest dynamic reservoir. Smart agricultural practices are discussed, on the one hand, as a way to mitigate climate change because they can increase the amount of SOM and thus actively remove C from the atmosphere. On the other hand, all intensively used soils lose C in the long term. The scientific key questions in this context revolve around the extent and dynamics of C storage, as well as the associated stabilization mechanisms involved and effects of agricultural use on the C budget.The DOK experiment is a long-term agronomic field trial near Basel (Switzerland) that compares biodynamic, organic and conventional management systems since 40 years. Within the "DynaCarb" project, we investigate how the management systems affect SOM fractions during the 40-year experimental period. We compare the unfertilized control to a purely mineral, a purely organic, and a combined fertilized, mineral-organic variant (four field replicates each) during six crop rotation cycles. By using a combined density and particle size fractionation, the SOM is separated into particulate and mineral-associated fractions and their development is quantitatively investigated in archived samples from 1982, 1989, 1996, 2003, 2010, and 2017."DynaCarb" investigates the medium- and long-term effects of different agricultural systems on SOM. These results are of great importance for the evaluation of the C sequestration potential of agricultural soils and for the identification of suitable management and fertilization strategies.

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Biological activity in metal-contaminated calcareous agricultural soils: the role of the organic matter composition and the particle size distribution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-014-2561-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 6176-6187 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Luisa Martin Calvarro ◽

Ana de Santiago-Martín ◽

Javier Quirós Gómez ◽

Concepción González-Huecas ◽

Jose R. Quintana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Organic Matter Composition

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Influence of Boron Carbide Addition on Particle Size of Copper Zinc Alloys Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/954/1/012008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 954 ◽

pp. 012008

Author(s):

L. Rajeshkumar ◽

R. Suriyanarayanan ◽

K. Shree Hari ◽

S. Venkatesh Babu ◽

V. Bhuvaneswari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Powder Metallurgy ◽

Boron Carbide ◽

Zinc Alloys ◽

Copper Zinc

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Impact of particle size, temperature and humic acid on sorption of uranium in agricultural soils of Punjab

SpringerPlus ◽

10.1186/s40064-015-1051-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ajay Kumar ◽

Sabyasachi Rout ◽

Manish Kumar Mishra ◽

Rupali Karpe ◽

Pazhayath Mana Ravi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Agricultural Soils

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Environmental impact of landfill on groundwater quality and agricultural soils in Nigeria

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/4/2011-swr ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 18-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

C.O. Akinbile

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

World Health ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Iron Nitrate ◽

Sanitary Landfills ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Health Organization

Physical, chemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out of water samples from three boreholes located near a landfill, and or soil samples at Akure, Nigeria, to ascertain the effect of the dumpsite on the groundwater and soil quality. The samples from borehole locations with radial distances of 50, 80, and 100 m, respectively, away from the landfill and twelve soil samples collected at distances 0 (dump centre), 10, 20, and 30 m away from the refuse dump were analysed. The parameters determined were the turbidity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total iron, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, calcium and heavy metals like copper, zinc, and lead. Most of these parameters indicated pollution but were below the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for consumption. The pH ranged from 5.7 to 6.8 indicating toxic pollution, the turbidity values were between 1.6 and 6.6 NTU, and the temperature ranged from 26.5°C to 27.5°C. The concentrations of iron, nitrate, nitrite and calcium ranged from 0.9 to 1.4, 30 to 61, 0.7 to 0.9, and 17 to 122 mg/l, respectively. Out of heavy metals, zinc ranged between 3.3 and 5.4 mg/l and lead ranged from 1.1 to 1.2 mg/l. Soil water holding capacity, porosity, pH, organic matter, organic carbon and organic nitrogen ranged from 38 to 54, 44 to 48, 6.9–7.5, 2.44–4.27, 1.42–2.48, and 0.12–0.21%, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences at 95% level. The results showed that all the boreholes were not strongly polluted but require treatment before use while the soil is absolutely unsuitable for the crop production. Re-designing of sanitary landfills to prevent leachate from getting to the water table, adoption of clean technology for recycling greenhouse gases and a sustainable land management programme for reclamation are recommended.

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Comparative Evaluation of Colemanite and Sodium Pentaborate as Boron Sources for Rice Grown in Flooded Calcareous Soil

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v2n2p134 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Muhammad Saleem Sarki ◽

Khanif Y. M. ◽

Fauziah C. I. ◽

Samsuri A. W. ◽

Hafeez B.

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Calcareous Soil ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Rice Crop ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Wide Spread ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Yield Difference ◽

Crushed Ore

Boron insufficiency in the agricultural soils is common and wide spread problem in many regions of the world. The effectiveness of crushed ore colemanite as B sources for rice crop under flooded calcareous soil were evaluated in a glass house study. We studied the effects of powder colemanite (PC) and granular colemanite (GC) in comparison with the refined sodium pentaborate fertilizer at the rates of 0, 1, 2, and 3 kg B ha-1 on growth and yield parameters of rice crop as well as the true control (0 kg B ha-1). Sodium pentaborate (SP) and (PC) application of 2 and 3 kg B ha-1 significantly increased the plant height, number of tillers and panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle, weight of 1000 grains and B concentration in grain compared the 0 and 1 kg B ha-1. Rice crop with SP and PC applied at 3 kg B ha-1 produced significantly (18% over the control) higher grain yield than the 0 kg B ha-1 treatment. Pots fertilized with SP and PC produced similar results as grain yield difference between them was not significant so these B fertilizers were very effective in supplying B to rice crop, but GC applied pots produced significantly low yield because of its bigger particle size, due to which B was not released from fertilizer. This study proved that colemanite with smaller particle size is an effective B source and it is cheaper than refined products so it should be applied for harvesting higher yields.

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