Determination of Energy Correction Coefficient for Neutron Albedo Dosimeter: Three Approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Romanyukha ◽  
Keith Consani ◽  
Jacob LaManna ◽  
Alan Thompson ◽  
Jessica Mintz
Keyword(s):  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Energy Correction

Poiseuille flow in jet viscometer orifices

1968 ◽  
Vol 303 (1475) ◽  
pp. 429-451 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Energy Correction ◽  
Constant Diameter ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Parabolic Velocity Profile

A photomicrographic technique is described for determining the geometrical shape of glass jet viscometer orifices. These orifices are composed of a radiused entrance, a short constant diameter section, and a ‘diffuser type’ exit in which pressure recovery takes place. The length/diameter ratio of the constant diameter section of these orifices governs the highest Reynolds number for attaining 95% parabolic velocity profile, as calculated on the basis of Sparrow, Lin & Lundgren’s (1964) theoretical analysis of the development of parabolic velocity profile in the entrance region of tubes. Thirteen orifices were examined, and for these the highest admissible diameter Reynolds numbers were between 12 and 81. Thus, rates of shear, which can be calculated from the Poiseuille equation with an error of less than 1.5%, can amount to 6 x 10 5 s -1 without the liquid passing through the orifice suffering a temperature rise by viscous heating of more than 0.05°C. No kinetic energy correction is required for Reynolds numbers less than 10. For larger Reynolds numbers a correction should be made. The kinetic energy correction coefficient increases steeply with the Reynolds number, but the rate of increase depends upon the shape of the orifice profile. The largest kinetic energy correction coefficients of the thirteen orifices have values between 0.55 and 0.84. Within the range of Reynolds numbers admissible for 95% development of parabolic velocity profile, substantial temporary viscosity reductions were found. Neither surface tension nor elastic properties of the liquid affect the flow behaviour under the described experimental conditions.

Determination of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-One in Paper for Food Packaging by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
Jia Yue Sun ◽  
Qiu Mei Di ◽  
Qi Guang Xu ◽  
Liu Han
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Method Detection Limit ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Limit Detection ◽  
Hydrothermal Extraction

A novel method has been developed to detect 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) in paper for food packaging by hydrothermal extraction coupled with fluorescence spectroscopy in paper for food package. Parameters affecting fluorescence intensity have been evaluated, including the pH of solvents and the effect of surfactants. It turned out to be that fluorescent spectroscopy was a sensitive and easy method to determine BIT in paper package. The regression equation obtained was liner, and the correction coefficient was 99.9%, the limit detection (LOD) was 25.3μg/L, method detection limit (MDL) was 0.25mg/kg, which turned out that this method was sensitive and precise to determine BIT in food package.

scholarly journals Analytical Method for Correction Coefficient Determination for Applying Comparative Method for Real Estate Valuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Valentas Gružauskas ◽  
Andrius Kriščiūnas ◽  
Dalia Čalnerytė ◽  
Valentinas Navickas
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Real Estate Valuation ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Price Estimation ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Alternative Research

AbstractReal estate valuation uses 3 main approaches: income, cost and comparative. When applying the comparative method, correction coefficients based on similar real estate transactions are determined. In practice, the coefficients and similar real estate objects are usually determined by using qualitative approach based on the valuators’ experience. The paper provides an analytical method for the determination of correction coefficient, which limits subjectivity when using the comparative method for valuation. The provided analytical approach also integrates macroeconomic indicators in the calculation process. It also addresses issues when available historical real estate transaction data is limited. A machine learning approach was applied to determine the average price of real estate in the region, with the possibility of using this information to obtain correction coefficients where historical data was unavailable. Alternative research usually focuses on final price estimation of the selected real estate object; however, the valuation standard of Tegova released in 2018 does not allow for applying analytically based approaches for individual real estate object evaluation; these approaches can be used only as a supportive tool for valuators.

Determination of mean inner potential and thickness in wedge shaped specimens by interferometry and electron holography

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring ◽  
T. Tanji ◽  
A. Tonomura
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Relativistic Energy ◽  
Fringe Shift ◽  
Holographic Image ◽  
Energy Correction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position

Knowlege of a specimens' mean innner potential and thickness is important for many purposes including holography, analytical (AEM) and microstructural analysis. This paper shows that both electron interferometry and holography can easily be used to determine the mean inner potential, as well as, the thickness at every point within a TEM specimen. The relative fringe shift, Δs/s , in a hologram by an object is linearly proportional to the object's mean inner potential, V, and thickness, d, and is given by,where C is considered a constant and described by the relativistic energy correction divided by the acceleration energy, E, and wavelength, λ, i.e. [(1 + eE/mc2)/(l + eE/2mc2)/2Eλ]. Inorder to separate d and V another holographic image is required to provide another image equation. This image equation is easily provided by rotating the specimen a known angle, Δθ, such that d becomes a function of Δθ.

Study on On-Site Calibration Method of Stationary Neutron Dosimeter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxu Lv ◽  
Ning Lv ◽  
Huiping Guo ◽  
Mingyan Sun ◽  
Kuo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Field ◽  
Neutron Fluence ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Calibration Coefficient ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Energy Correction ◽  
Ambient Dose Equivalent ◽  
Ambient Dose

Abstract The on-site calibration system of stationary neutron ambient dose equivalent instrument is mainly comprised of a small controllable neutron source and a reference neutron ambient dose equivalent instrument. According to the principle of “relative calibration method”, a small controllable neutron source continuously emits neutrons at the calibration site to construct a neutron radiation field. The calibration factor (NB) can be obtained by comparing the response numbers from two instrument, the instrument to be calibrated and the reference instrument, which are symmetrically placed in the neutron radiation field. In order to complete the transfer of the ambient dose equivalent calibration coefficient of the reference instrument from National Metrology Center (252CfStandard radiation field) to nuclear facility site, the calibration coefficient needs to be corrected, that is, multiplied by the “energy correction coefficient”. Energy correction coefficient includes: (1) “Instrument Energy Response Correction Coefficient” kε for neutron fluence to neutron counting of the instrument, (2) “Conversion Correction Coefficient” kΦ for neutron fluence to neutron ambient dose equivalent. Tests have shown that the ambient dose equivalent rate measurement error of the instrument which have been calibrated but without energy correction was 16.5%, by contrast the measurement error was 2.9% with energy correction. It can be seen that the energy correction is necessary and effective for the measuring instrument of neutron ambient dose equivalent during the on-site calibration process.

SU-FF-T-315: Determination of the Energy Correction Factor for TLD-100 in Electron Beams Relative to 60Co

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Part13) ◽  
pp. 2594-2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Junell ◽  
K Kunugi ◽  
L DeWerd
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Energy Correction

Simplified Analytical Determination of Bending Moments in a Two-Way Slab Using a Web-Based Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Jakub Holan ◽  
Radek Štefan
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Web Based ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Analytical Approaches

In the last decade, the computing power of computers has significantly increased, which enabled very detailed and accurate numerical static non-linear analyses of reinforced concrete structures to be carried out using sophisticated commercial software. However, higher risk of errors, both in the calculation inputs and algorithm, is linked with the increased detail and accuracy of numerical modelling. For this reason, it is convenient to verify the results provided by sophisticated software using simplified analytical approaches. In order to provide a tool for quick and easy verification of results provided by sophisticated software, a novel web-based application employing simplified analytical methods has been developed by the authors of this paper. This web-based application is capable of quick and easy calculations of bending moments in reinforced concrete two-way slabs. For the calculation of bending moments, the Marcus Method is employed. This method introduces a correction coefficient to the Rankine-Grashoff Theory of Equal Deflections in order to account for the torsional restraints at the corners of the slab. These analytical methods are algorithmized and implemented using the JavaScript programming language. A graphical user interface for the input of data and for the interpretation of results is created using the HTML markup language. The novel web-based application is freely available and works on all common devices and operating systems. From the presented results, it is clear that the novel web-based application is quick, easily available, user-friendly, and intuitive. The web-based application can be used for the verification of the calculated bending moments during the design of a reinforced concrete two-way slab.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the methods for the determination of organic carbon and organic matter in soils, compost and sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Angelova ◽  
V. I. Akova ◽  
K. I. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Organic Content ◽  
Very High

The aim of this study was to compare the most commonly used methods for the determination of organic carbon (OC) and organic matter (SOM), and evaluate the capability of LOI (loss on ignition method) to estimate OC, using reference soils, compost and sludge as standards. The use of a titrimetric endpoint (adding phosphoric acid prior to titration) is more suitable for assessing the level of organic carbon in soils with low, medium, high and very high content. The use of a photometric endpoint is more appropriate for samples of medium and high carbon content. LOI 400 and LOI 450 may also be used for the determination of samples with a high organic content whereas LOI 450 - in the determination of samples with an average organic content. LOI 450 can be used to evaluate SOC in a wide range of organic matter concentrations (3-55%). Indirect assessment of the organic carbon content or organic matter using a correction coefficient is not very accurate for samples with average organic carbon content. Keywords: methods, organic carbon, organic matter, certified samples

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