Global Burden of Vitamin A Deficiency in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990-2019

Abstract Background: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study provides estimates of death and disability from 87 risk factors, including some micronutrient deficiencies. Objectives: To review methodological changes that led to large differences in the disease burden estimates for vitamin A and zinc deficiencies between the GBD 2017 and 2019 Studies. Methods: GBD publications were reviewed; additional information was provided by GBD researchers. Results: Vitamin A deficiency prevalence is based on plasma retinol concentration, whereas the estimate for zinc deficiency prevalence uses dietary adequacy as a proxy. The estimated global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency for children aged 1-4 years in the year 2017 decreased from 0.20 (95%CI 0.17-0.24) in GBD 2017 to 0.16 (95%CI 0.15-0.19) in GBD 2019, while the global prevalence of zinc deficiency did not change between the two studies (0.09 (95%CI 0.04-0.17) and 0.09 (95%CI 0.03-0.18)). New to 2019 was that meta-analyses were performed using Meta Regression – Bayesian, Regularized, Trimmed (MR-BRT), a method developed for GBD. Due to this and multiple other methodological changes the estimated number of deaths due to vitamin A deficiency dropped from 233,000 (179,000–294,000) to 24,000 (3,000–50,000) from GBD 2017 to 2019, and for zinc deficiency from 29,000 (1,000–77,000) to 2,800 (700–6,500), respectively. Conclusion: The changes in the estimated disease burdens due to vitamin A and zinc deficiencies in the GBD reports from 2017 to 2019 are due primarily to changes in the analytical methods employed, so may not represent true changes in disease burden. Additional effort is needed to validate these results.

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Burden of disease attributable to vitamin A deficiency in Iranian population aged less than five years: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.1186/s40200-017-0313-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maryam Bahreynian ◽

Mostafa Qorbani ◽

Shohreh Naderimagham ◽

Sara Nejatinamini ◽

Asal Ataie- Jafari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Iranian Population ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Disease Study

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Quantification of Vitamin A in Fortified Rapeseed, Groundnut and Soya Oils Using a Simple Portable Device: Comparison to High Performance Liquid Chromatography

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000154 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cécile Renaud ◽

Jacques Berger ◽

Arnaud Laillou ◽

Sylvie Avallone

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Vitamin A ◽

High Performance ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Portable Device ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Control Food ◽

Assay Precision

Vitamin A deficiency is still one of the major public health problems in least developed countries. Fortification of vegetable oils is a strategy implemented worldwide to prevent this deficiency. For a fortification program to be effective, regular monitoring is necessary to control food quality in the producing units. The reference methods for vitamin A quantification are expensive and time-consuming. A rapid method should be useful for regular assessment of vitamin A in the oil industry. A portable device was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for three plant oils (rapeseed, groundnut, and soya). The device presented a good linearity from 3 to 30 mg retinol equivalents per kg (mg RE.kg- 1). Its limits of detection and quantification were 3 mg RE.kg- 1 for groundnut and rapeseed oils and 4 mg RE.kg- 1 for soya oil. The intra-assay precision ranged from 1.48 % to 3.98 %, considered satisfactory. Accuracy estimated by the root mean squares error ranged from 3.99 to 5.49 and revealed a lower precision than HPLC (0.4 to 2.25). Although it offers less precision than HPLC, the device estimates quickly the vitamin A content of the tested oils from 3 or 4 to 15 mg RE.kg- 1.

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Research Recommendations for Applying Vitamin A-Labelled Isotope Dilution Techniques to Improve Human Vitamin A Nutrition

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000185 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 52-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sherry A. Tanumihardjo ◽

Anura V. Kurpad ◽

Janet R. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Human Subjects ◽

The Body ◽

Pool Size ◽

Serum Retinol ◽

Vitamin A Status ◽

Status Assessment ◽

Total Body

The current use of serum retinol concentrations as a measurement of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is unsatisfactory for many reasons. The best technique available for vitamin A status assessment in humans is the measurement of total body pool size. Pool size is measured by the administration of retinol labelled with stable isotopes of carbon or hydrogen that are safe for human subjects, with subsequent measurement of the dilution of the labelled retinol within the body pool. However, the isotope techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging, and relatively expensive. There is also a need to assess different types of tracers and doses, and to establish clear guidelines for the use and interpretation of this method in different populations. Field-friendly improvements are desirable to encourage the application of this technique in developing countries where the need is greatest for monitoring the risk of vitamin A deficiency, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the potential of hypervitaminosis due to combined supplement and fortification programs. These techniques should be applied to validate other less technical methods of assessing vitamin A deficiency. Another area of public health relevance for this technique is to understand the bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, and its relation to existing vitamin A status, for future dietary diversification programs.

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Vitamin A deficiency is associated with disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis

10.1055/s-0039-3402154 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M Nagel ◽

C Labenz ◽

M Nguyen-Tat ◽

N Cabezas Wallscheid ◽

C Czauderna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency

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Mitral Valve Replacement in an Adult with Left Pulmonary Agenesis

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf.1311 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Huseyin Saskin ◽

Mustafa Idiz ◽

Cagri Duzyol ◽

Huseyin Macika ◽

Rezan Aksoy

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Valve Replacement ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Pulmonary Agenesis ◽

Pulmonary Vessels ◽

Live Births ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Female Predominance

Pulmonary agenesis is associated with the absence of pulmonary vessels, bronchi, or parenchyma. This condition usually occurs between the 4th and 5th week of gestation during the embryonic phase. Etiopathogenic factors associated with pulmonary agenesis are not fully understood. In the literature, genetic and teratogenic factors, viral infections, and vitamin-A deficiency are shown to be associated with pulmonary agenesis [Malcon 2012]. This condition may be seen unilaterally or bilaterally. Although the precise rate of incidence is unknown, it is estimated to occur in one of every 10,000 to 12,000 live births [Yetim 2011]. There is a 1.3:1 female predominance with unilateral agenesis [Halilbasic 2013]

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Retinol, α-Tocopherol and Vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 6029-2018

Author(s):

HANDAN MERT ◽

SERKAN YİLDİRİM ◽

IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK ◽

KİVANC IRAK ◽

BAHAT COMBA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

White Muscle ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Early Stage ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Muscle Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

White Muscle Disease ◽

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .

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