scholarly journals Automobile Demand and Supply in Brazil: Effects of Tax Rebates and Trade Liberalization on Price-Marginal Cost Markups in the 1990s

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo P.S. Fiuza
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Automobile Demand

scholarly journals Ganancias de la liberalización comercial en mercados globales con competenciaimperfecta. Una Nota

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Giovanni Anania
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Market ◽  
Tariff Reduction ◽  
Private Firm ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Supply Functions ◽  
The Impact

<p>The paper shows how analyses assuming perfect competition can yield a distorted estimation of the expected effects of a trade liberalization when market imperfections exist. The analytical framework adopted is very simple and three extreme imperfect market structures are considered. In the first case, the exporting country maximizes its producer and consumer surplus by intervening in the world market. The second market imperfection considered is the existence of a private firm playing the role of «pure middleman» in the world market. Then the case of a producer-owned marketing board which is granted exclusive export authority is addressed. It is shown that estimates of the impact of a tariff reduction in terms of prices and volume traded obtained assuming perfect competition when this postulate does not hold, are distorted. When domestic demand and supply functions are assumed to be linear, the impact is overestimated; a ranking of the size of such distortions in the three cases analyzed is provided. When no restriction is imposed on the demand and supply functions, the error in the estimated impact of a tariff reduction involves the magnitude as well as the sign of the expected changes in prices and volume traded. Finally, it is proved that when a private firm exerts monopoly and monopsony power in the world market, both the importing and the exporting countries may well be better off if, rather than making a move towards trade liberalization, the importing country «compensates» the exporting country by means of a direct transfer.</p>

scholarly journals Marginal Cost Pricing Analysis on Tradable Credits in Traffic Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Gao ◽  
Xinmin Liu ◽  
Huijun Sun ◽  
Jianjun Wu ◽  
Haiqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Network Mobility ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Marginal Cost Pricing ◽  
Linear Demand ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tradable Credits ◽  
Car Travel ◽  
Tradable Credit

This paper tries to explore a more applicable tradable credit scheme for managing network mobility from the angle of marginal cost pricing. The classic mathematical model-Cobweb model is used to analyze the stability of credit price. It is found that credit price is not always convergent in the trading market. It will show convergence, divergence, two-period simple behaviors, and even more complex dynamic behaviors, such as cycle movements and chaos. Considering the applicability and public goods character of tradable credits scheme, one public pricing mechanism- marginal cost pricing is explored. Analytical investigations and the numerical simulation of a particular case with linear demand and supply indicate that marginal cost pricing is an effective, sustainable, and socially feasible manner in managing the demand for car travel.

Illicit Drugs: Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rhodes ◽  
Patrick Johnston ◽  
Song Han ◽  
Quentin McMullen ◽  
Lynne Hozik
Keyword(s):  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Price Elasticity Of Demand

A Study on the Countermeasures for Demand and Supply Control in Case of High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tsujii ◽  
Takao Tsuji ◽  
Tsutomu Oyama ◽  
Yoshiki Nakachi ◽  
Suresh Chand Verma
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
High Penetration

Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
South Sulawesi

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    

On strategy for the development of multifunctional social infrastructure complexes in the ‘Smart City’ paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469-1495
Author(s):  
A.L. Sabinina ◽  
V.V. Sokolovskii ◽  
N.A. Shul'zhenko ◽  
N.A. Sychova
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Subject. The article describes the findings of the authors of fundamental strategic decisions on the formation of multifunctional urban complexes, using the housing demand and supply criterion. Objectives. We undertake a comprehensive study aimed at perfecting the methodology for evaluating the options for city infrastructure development at two stages, i.e. strategic, when general targets of feasible commissioning are determined, and current, when parameters of demand for facilities are taken into account. Methods. The study employs methods of expert survey, statistical data processing, predictive and investigative analysis. Results. We explored factors of creating amenities and comfort in residential construction areas, developed an algorithm to calculate the volume of new living space commissioning on the basis of evaluating demands in the Smart City paradigm. Conclusions. The study shows the cost increase depending on the built-up area, number of floors, and the balance between the type of capacity and the number of residents in the quarter (linear relationship).

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