Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
South Sulawesi

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    

MINIMALISASI BIAYA SIMPAN DAN BIAYA SETUP PADA MULTIPLE PRODUK: SIMULASI DENGAN CAPACITATED LOT SIZING PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Erika Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Product Cycle ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
Lot Sizing Problem ◽  
Capacitated Lot Sizing

Lot sizing problem in production planning aims to optimize production costs (processing, setup and holding cost) by fulfilling demand and resources capacity costraint. The Capacitated Lot sizing Problem (CLSP) model aims to balance the setup costs and inventory costs to obtain optimal total costs. The object of this study was a plastic component manufacturing company. This study use CLSP model, considering process costs, holding costs and setup costs, by calculating product cycle and setup time. The constraint of this model is the production time capacity and the storage capacity of the finished product. CLSP can reduce the total production cost by 4.05% and can reduce setup time by 46.75%.  Keyword: Lot size, CLSP, Total production cost.

scholarly journals Analisis Perhitungan Dan Penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi Pada PT. Mutifa Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
John Fisher Gulo ◽  
Kamil Mustafa ◽  
Ninny Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

<p>The cost of production is needed to determine the cost of production of a product. Costs incurred to produce the product must be clear, so that the determination of the cost of production would be appropriate. Imprecision in calculating the cost of production will be misleading in making management decisions. Data collection methods used in this study include: Documentation, Interview, Observation. This study analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis comparing the theory with actual results of the company. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production using the full costing method. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production, all costs incurred are treated as production costs, both the cost of major raw materials, cost of auxiliary materials, packaging materials costs and production overhead. Classification of production costs in accordance with the theory that exists is composed of material costs, labor costs and production overhead costs. Total production cost per month of each element calculation the average monthly cost is Rp. 73.111.118,260,- and the average number of finished products Paracetamol tablet 500 mg tablet is as much 566,666.67 per month. Based on data on average production costs in 2009, then the production cost per tablet is .Rp. 129,019.</p>

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Immune-Commensal-Evolutionary Programming for Total Production Cost and Total System Loss Minimization via Integrated Economic Dispatch and Distributed Generation Installation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7733
Author(s):  
Mohd Helmi Mansor ◽  
Ismail Musirin ◽  
Muhammad Murtadha Othman
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Economic Dispatch ◽  
Evolutionary Programming ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total System ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective

Economic Dispatch (ED) problems have been solved using single-objective optimization for so long, as Grid System Operators (GSOs) previously only focused on minimizing the total production cost. In modern power systems, GSOs require not only optimizing the total production cost but also, at the same time, optimizing other important objectives, such as the total emissions of the greenhouse gasses, total system loss and voltage stability. This requires a suitable multi-objective optimization approach in ensuring the ED solution produced is satisfying all the objectives. This paper presents a new multi-objective optimization technique termed Multi-Objective Immune-Commensal-Evolutionary Programming (MOICEP) for minimizing the total production cost and total system loss via integrated Economic Dispatch and Distributed Generation installation (ED-DG). This involved the application of a weighted-sum multi-objective approach that combined with an optimization technique called Immune-Commensal-Evolutionary Programming (ICEP). The proposed MOICEP has been compared with other multi-objective techniques, which are Multi-Objective-Evolutionary Programming (MOEP) and Multi-Objective-Artificial Immune System (MOAIS). It was found that MOICEP performs very well in producing better optimization results for all the three types of Economic Dispatch (ED) problems compared to MOEP and MOAIS in terms of cheap total production costs and low total system loss.

scholarly journals PSXI-13 Effect of performance indicators, food expenses and interest rate on lamb production cost

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 393-393
Author(s):  
Vanessa Rezende ◽  
Gustavo L Sartorello ◽  
Beatriz Q Reis ◽  
Guilherme Boldrin ◽  
Laya Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Lamb Survival

Abstract This study aimed at comparing the influence of zootechnical performance and main cost items over the total production cost of lambs. A representative production system of São José do Rio Preto region, Brazil, designed in a panel meeting, was used as a study basis. We calculated lamb production costs, including variable costs, fixed costs, and income of factors, using the data from December 2019. We then estimated elasticities for the variables: feed expense, interest rate, carcass yield, lamb survival rate, and fertility rate. This way we compared the variation in total cost per year and per carcass caused by increases of 1% in each of the considered variables. In the base scenario, production costs per year and unit were, respectively, US$ 33,367.34 and US$ 4.81. Feed expenses, annual interest rate, mean carcass yield, lamb survival rate, and fertility rate were, respectively, US$ 22,316.74, 4.50%, 48.00%, 88.00%, and 85.00%. Regarding annual cost, changing each variable caused variations of +0.67%, +0.05%, 0.00%, +0.33% and +0.33%. Concerning cost per unit, the variations were +0.76%, +0.07%, -0.98%, -0.61% and -0.64%, respectively. Increasing lamb survival and fertility rates were also effective strategies to lower unitary cost. The cost component with feed represented 66.88% of the total production cost, but measures to reduce feed costs must be well conducted to not affect the zootechnical performance of the animals. Farmers must consider cost per unit when thinking about lowering production costs, instead of the annual cost. Increasing lamb carcass yield had a greater impact on reducing unitary cost than cutting feed expenses. Improving performance indicators demand good nutritional status for lambs and ewes, and cutting off feed expenses may have deleterious effects on animal performance, therefore increasing cost. Elasticity analysis is a useful tool to calculate such trade-offs at the farm level.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik Plus Herbal pada Pakan Komersil terhadap Retensi Protein dan Retensi Lemak Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis niloticus) [The Effect of Addition Probiotic Plus Herbal on Commercial Feed to Protein Retention and Fat Retention Red Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arief ◽  
Diatra Faradiba ◽  
Muhammad Anam Al-Arief
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Directorate General

Abstract Red tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the mainstays of the freshwater fishery which is growing rapidly in Indonesia. The production of red tilapia fish fishery experiences a significant increase from year after year which amounting from 567.078 tons in 2011 to become 695.063 tons in 2012 and 909.016 tons in 2013 ( Directorate General of Aquaculture – Ministry of Marine and Fishery, 2014). The development of red tilapia fish farming were not experiences many issues, but there is one problem that needs to be concern which is about feed problem, the feed that used in aquaculture activities is determine the production costs up to 60-70% of the total production cost incurred (Jusadi et al., 2004). Fish farming business are strongly influenced by the availability of sufficient fodder in numbers and quality to support the growth and life sustainability of fish cultivation. Feed plays an important part for the growth of the fish (Wahyudi, 2010). The feed can increase the quality of fish weight with addition of a feed additive. One of the alternatives that can be take is by adding probiotic (Anggraeni, 2012) and herbal ingredients in feed (Ariyanto et al., 2013). Research results show that the addition of probiotics plus herbs affect the digestibility of protein retention and fat retention red tilapia. Based on the research that has been done, the addition of probiotics plus herbs with a dose of 2 ml / kg of feed can be used as artificial feed supplement and as an alternative to reduce the production cost of cultivation of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Sistem Informasi Pengalokasian Biaya Bahan Baku dengan Metode Harga Pokok Pesanan pada PT. Dian Karya Estate

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Nining Rahaningsih ◽  
Raditya Danar Dana ◽  
Nana Suarna ◽  
Sri Muflikah Kurniarti
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Material Cost

Raw material costs are an important part of company operations, so we need a system that can accurately present raw material cost data which will be used as consideration for the company in making decisions. The system that is currently running at Kinaya Residence still uses a manual system so it is difficult to find accurate information. Based on the results of preliminary research, it can be concluded that in processing raw material costs using the cost of order method with the following characteristics 1) The nature of production is intermittent depending on on orders received, 2) The shape of the product depends on the specifications of the customer, 3) Collection of production costs is done on the order cost card, 4) the total production cost is calculated after the order is completed, 5) The production cost per unit is calculated, by dividing the total production cost by the total units ordered, 6) Accumulated costs generally use normal costs, 7) Products that have been completed are immediately handed over to the customer. Then to design a raw material cost allocation system that uses traditional methods with the programming language used is Hypertext Preprocessor. With this information system for allocating raw material costs, it is hoped that the presentation of financial reports about raw materials in companies can be done easily, quickly and accurately.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIAN BIAYA PRODUKSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI BIAYA PRODUKSI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Abilio De Jesus Martin ◽  
Sri Rahayuningsih ◽  
Imam Safi'i
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Extent ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Control Production ◽  
And Control ◽  
Production Prices

Efforts to maximize the optimization of production costs in a plan and control production costs is to reduce costs to the maximum extent possible to provide maximum profits, so the sugar factory must manage its production activities effectively and efficiently. This activity has the intention to describe the planning and management of production costs as a goal that intends to increase the efficiency of production prices at PT. PG Pesantren Baru Keiri. The research method used in this research is to explain with a case approach to PT. New PG Pesantren, sampling with interviews and taking pictures or recordings. From the results of research or thoughts that have been carried out it can be concluded that the production cost budget is still inefficient. The contributing factor to this is the weak protection of global production costs, so that it cannot minimize the elimination of production costs organized by irresponsible elements. Keywords: Planning, Control, Production Costs Usaha untuk yang digunakan pada proses produksi akan berkaitan dengan perencanaan yang berasumsi pada pengendalian bahan baku yang berguna mengurangi biaya produksi untuk menambah laba pada produksi di pabrik PT. PG Pesantren Baru Kediri. Pada penelitian yang saat ini sudah mencapai hasil dengan asumsi bahwa aktivitas produksi harus bias dilakukan agar efektif serta dapat mencapai efisiensi.Metode penelitian yang dipakai pada riset ini yaitu menjelaskan dengan pendekatan kasus pada PT. PG Pesantren baru, pengambilan sampel dengan interview dan pengambilan gambar atau rekaman. Dari hasil riset atau pemikiran yang telah dilaksanakan dapat di ambil kesimpulan bahwa budget biaya produksi masih tidak efisien. Yang terjadi pada sarana kelemahan pengamanan pada biaya produksi harus diglobalkan supaya terjadi kehilangan biaya prduksi yang minimal. Kata kunci : Perencanaan, Pengendalian, Biaya Produksi

scholarly journals Financial Feasibility Study of Hydroponic Vegetables Business (A Case Study on Serua Farm, Kota Depok)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Farida Nursahib, Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Break Even Point

Hydroponic, an agricultural cultivation technology, enabling farmers to plant more plants in a limited area. Therefore, it can be used to increase production, then gaining more profit. This study aimed to analyse production costs, incomes, break-even point , business efficiency, and financial feasibility of a hydroponic vegetable business. The method used in this study is direct interviews with the business owner, the head of the garden, the person in charge of the greenhouse and production and the person in charge of seeding. Serua Farm produces red spinach, green spinach, gai lan, and bok choy. The results show that the total production cost was Rp319,420,734 per hectare. Its profit was Rp. 688,579,266 or 68,31% from gross incomes. R/C  was 3.16 meant that the business efficiency was good. B/C  was 2.16 meant that the business is profitable and financially feasible. NPV was Rp552,162,558 and IRR 107,5%. PP value is five months six days.

scholarly journals Analisis Finansial Usaha Peternakan Ayam Ras Petelur Jantan pada Kepadatan Kandang yang Berbeda

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Muhammad Daud ◽  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Zahrul Fuadi
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Layer Chickens

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa secara finansial tentang biaya produksi dan tingkat keuntungan usaha peternakan ayam ras petelur jantan pada kepadatan kandang yang berbeda. Materi penelitian yang digunakan adalah ayam ras petelur jantan strain Isa Brown, berjumlah 208 ekor umur 1 hari (DOC). Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, terdiri atas 4 perlakuan kepadatan kandang dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan kepadatan kandang antara lain K1: 10 ekor/m2, K2: 12 ekor/m2, K3: 14 ekor/m2, dan K4: 16 ekor/m2. Variabel yang diamati: biaya produksi, penerimaan usaha, pendapatan usaha, dan kelayakan usaha. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung rata-rata pendapatan usaha peternakan dan kelayakan usaha ayam ras petelur jantan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya produksi tertinggi terdapat pada biaya variabel, dimana pada biaya variabel biaya pakan adalah biaya yang mendominasi dalam usaha peternakan ayam ras petelur jantan. Total biaya produksi terendah terdapat pada perlakuan K1 yaitu Rp. 15.909,-/ekor dan tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan K2 yaitu Rp. 16.824,-/ekor. Penerimaan usaha tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan K1 Rp. 26.136,-/ekor dan penerimaan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan K4 Rp. 24.550,-/ekor. Keuntungan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan K1 Rp. 10.227,-/ekor dan terendah pada perlakuan K4 Rp. 7.998,-/ekor. Hasil analisis R/C ratio pada kepadatan kandang 10, 12, 14, dan 16 ekor/m2 memperoleh nilai lebih besar dari 1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha ayam ras petelur jantan menguntungkan dan layak diusahakan. Disimpulkan bahwa secara finansial usaha peternakan ayam ras petelur jantan pada kepadatan kandang 10-16 ekor/m2 menguntungkan dan layak diusahakan/diteruskan.  (Financial Analysis of Male Chicken Layers with Different Cage Density) ABSTRACT. This study aims to analyze financially the production costs and the profitability of male laying chicken farms at different cage densities. Animals used for research amounting to 208 birds male layer DOC strain Isa Brown. The study was designed into Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications; K1:10 birds/m2, K2:12 birds/m2, K3:14 birds/m2 and K4:16 birds/m2. Observed variables were: production cost, business revenue, operating revenues, and business feasibility. The data analysis was to calculate the financial analysis of male layer chickens. The results showed that the highest production cost was found in variable cost, and feed cost was the dominant cost in the male layer chickens. The lowest total production cost is in K1 treatment which was Rp. 15.909,- /birds and the highest was in K2 treatment is Rp. 16.824,-/birds. The highest business acceptance was in K1 treatment Rp. 26.136,-/birds and lowest acceptance on K4 treatment Rp. 24.550,-/birds. The highest profit is obtained in the treatment of K1 Rp. 10.227,-/birds and lowest on treatment K4 Rp. 7,998, -/birds. The result of R/C ratio analysis at density of 10, 12 14, and 16 birds / m2 has value greater than 1. This indicates that the business of male layer chickens is profitable and feasible to be continued. It was concluded that financially the farming business of male layer chickens in the density of 10-16 birds/m2 was favorable and feasible.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS EFFICIENCY OF LUWAK COFFEE BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Niken Dwinora ◽  
Eko Sumartono ◽  
Bambang Sumantri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Total Production

The purposes of this study were to 1) Calculate the amount of profit from the civet coffee processing business in Bandung Jaya Village, Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency. 2) To calculate the efficiency of the civet coffee business in Bandung Jaya Village, Kabawetan Subdistrict, Kepahiang Regency, with consideration that in Bandung jaya Village, Kabawetan Subdistrict, Kepahiang Regency has the most sought after sales of civet coffee. Sampling was done by using the Purposive Method. Because the researchers intentionally took the data in the Luwak Coffee business stamp well in Bandung Jaya Village, Kabawetan District, Kepahiang District, the data analysis used the R / C ratio and B / C methods. The results showed that the efficiency analysis of R / C Ratio showed that Luwak coffee business was very efficient because revenues were greater than the total production costs. The results of the B / C Ratio analysis showed that these business ws not feasible because income is lower than the total production cost.

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