scholarly journals Enrolments in Higher Education in West Germany: The Impact of Social Background, Labour Market Returns and Educational Funding

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Background ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Educational Funding ◽  
The Impact

Labour Market Returns to Graduates’ International Experience: Exploring Cross-Country Variation in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Jacob ◽  
Michael Kühhirt ◽  
Margarida Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Studying Abroad ◽  
Early Labour ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Graduate Unemployment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe potential benefits of increased international experience abound, ranging from enriching cultural understanding to an improvement of language skills and intercultural competence. At the same time, empirical evidence is mixed, particularly with regards to how well international experience translates into individual returns on the labour market. This article examines the association between studying abroad and early labour market outcomes in a comparative perspective aiming to shed light on why labour market returns differ across countries. We expect labour market returns to vary with specific country characteristics such as demand for international experience and competition among graduates at labour market entry. In our empirical analyses, we use data from 13 European countries that provide information on graduates’ early labour market outcomes. We find a large variation in the impact of studying abroad on both wages and attaining a higher service class position. Generally, the labour market returns to international experience are larger in countries in Eastern and Southern Europe with poorer university quality, higher graduate unemployment, and fewer students abroad.

The impact of higher education on employment in the labour market: Lithuanian case

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Dalia Bernatonyte ◽  
Jadvyga Ciburiene ◽  
Zaneta Simanaviciene ◽  
Grazina Startiene
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
Impact Of Higher Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This study aims to investigate the employment of higher education in Lithuanian labour market between 2005 and 2014. Today, this problem is relevant to Lithuania, as level of high school graduates employment is changing yearly. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the impact of higher education on employment in Lithuanian labour market. Seeking to define the impact of higher education on employment in Lithuanian labour market, analysis and synthesis of scientific literature about the influence of education on the labour market; systematic statistical data analysis of Lithuanian education and employment and unemployment rate are presented. In order to compare the impact of Lithuanian higher education on employment rate, unemployment rate and real labour productivity with other countries of the EU-28, the correlation analysis are used. Results indicate that education attainment has influence on employment and unemployment level in Lithuanian labour market and relationship between higher education and employment, unemployment and real labour productivity are dominated in all the EU-28 countries.   Keywords: education; higher education; employment;  unemployment; labour productivity.

scholarly journals Higher Education Policies and Employability of University Graduates in the EU-28

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-133
Author(s):  
Elena Pelinescu ◽  
Mihaela Simionescu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
European Countries ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Higher Education Policies ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: The main purpose of this research is to analyze and reveal if the recent policy measures in higher education carried in European Union member countries have had a significant impact on the labour market integration of university graduates. Methodology: We selected a set of indicators that were common in the 2015 and 2016 editions of Structural Indicators for Monitoring Education and Training Systems in Europe and could offer an image of intensity of higher education policies in relation with labour market at European level. We further used these measures to test for any significant effects of the policies on the integration of graduates in the labour market. Findings: We found significant effects of various policy measures in high education in the European countries. We estimate a positive role for factors like monitoring of completion rates, requirements for the staff to have higher education, presence of educational guidelines, and recognition of formal and informal learning for entry in higher education. Value Added: This is the first study to address the impact of high education policies carried in European countries on the integration of college graduates. The study is distinct through both the design of new measures of higher education policy in Europe as well through testing whether the intensity of policies carried for higher education has affected the employability of young graduates or not. Recommendations: The results of this empirical research allow us to make some recommendations for improving the insertion of young graduates on European labour market.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of social background on the wages of Spanish graduates before and during a crisis context

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fachelli ◽  
Dani Torrents
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Relationship

The economic context may have modified the relationship between higher education and the labour market. The rise in university fees, the labour market situation and the behaviour of employers, families and students could activate social background as a differentiating factor in post-higher education occupational status. The objective of the present study is to analyze if the social origin affects the labor insertion of the graduates, measured through their income. The labor insertion of graduates is analyzed in 2011 (crisis period) and compared with 2005 (period of economic expansion).Two Spanish databases are used in this analysis: the 2005 and 2011 Living Conditions Survey. The results presented show no income inequality related to social class of graduates. Between 2005 and 2011 most unskilled occupations suffered job destruction, thus homogenizing to some extent the graduates who were working in 2011 and reducing the internal differences.

Are we ready? Labour market transit to the digital economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 147797142098334
Author(s):  
Nicolás Didier
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Educational Mismatch ◽  
Funding Policies ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Job Polarisation ◽  
Educational Market ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
The Impact

Industrialised countries are currently facing the knowledge-to-digital economy transition. That transition is strictly defined by how the labour market is organised and operates in the national economy. Some old to new phenomena are determinants of those dimensions, such as educational mismatch, credential inflation, and job polarisation. These phenomena affect the relationship between schooling and earnings, carrying consequences for social mobility, household welfare, and an individual's social progression perspective. Those phenomena remain understudied in the context of Latin America. Chile's case has gained relevance in the region due to the highly deregulated organisation of its educational market, the quality increase in its higher education institutions, and its funding policies for higher education. This work attempts to provide an extended diagnosis of the Chilean labour market, considering the impact of these emerging issues on the educational market and policymaking. The results show that 83.6% of Chilean employees experience an educational mismatch (overeducation and undereducation); credential inflation has depreciated the value of education over five of the six occupational categories – besides the polarisation index for industrialised countries such as the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals “It's a very different world”: work transition and employability of higher education graduates

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Monteiro ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Adela García-Aracil
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study addresses the specific topic of transition between higher education and the world of work, taking differences naturally inherent to the individual and to the surrounding micro and macro contexts. With a holistic approach, this paper aimed to provide a deeper understanding about the university-to-work transition process in a period of turbulence and continuous changes in the labour market.Design/methodology/approachThe three research questions that guide this qualitative study are as follows: (1) What are the factors that facilitate the transition to the labour market? (2) What are the factors that constrain the transition to the labour market? (3) What are graduates' perceptions of their employability? To answer these questions, eleven graduates were interviewed about facilitators and barriers of the transition process and perceptions of employability. Data collected from the interviews were then related to categories previously defined from the literature review. Version 12.0 of the NVivo software was used to support the process of data analysis.FindingsOverall, participants' discourse refer to a multidimensional and dynamic perspective of factors related with work transition and employability. The obtained results indicate that the lack of career agency during graduation and professional experiences, together with late career exploration processes, represent possible barriers of transition, especially in study fields with targeted job offers. Likewise, experiences promoting the development of competencies through supportive practice from teachers, mentors and colleagues are referred as facilitators of transition.Practical implicationsOne of the most consistent outcomes of the interviews conducted concerns the importance of a stronger focus on developing practical experiences during higher education studies. This empirical study demonstrated how this type of experience can mitigate the impact of the transition from university to the labour market.Originality/valueThis empirical study demonstrated how work being integrated into learning in curricula can mitigate the impact of the transition from university to the labour market. It offers important insights about possible strategies that could be adopted to promote graduates' employability from a perspective of shared responsibility.

Student Movements and User Fees: Trends in the Effect of Social Background and Family Income on Access to Mexican Higher Education, 1984-1996

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Post
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
User Fees ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Income Quartile

The 1999 strike at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) mobilized students around the demand for free public higher education to promote equality of opportunity. In the wake of that movement, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of user fees and of free tuition in promoting equality of opportunity. For this purpose, I used the Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso-Gasto to gauge the impact of family background and household income on the chances for attending higher education since 1984. Despite the low user fees charged in Mexico's public universities during the period, the data show that selectivity by family income worsened. Private universities, always selective, remained so. More worrisome is the fact that, by the mid 1990s, young people living in the poorest income quartile of households were less than ten times as likely to attend public higher education, as compared with children from the richest quartile of households. Free tuition in itself is unlikely to promote equality of access, because the beneficiaries of free tuition--increasingly--came from upper income families. / La huelga de 1999 en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) mobilizó a los estudiantes en torno a la exigencia de una educación pública gratuita que promoviera una igualdad en la oportunidad a acceder a instituciones de educación superior. En el despertar de ese movimiento, es necesario evaluar los efectos de los pagos del usuario y de la enseñanza gratuita en la promoción de dicha igualdad de oportunidad. Por ende, utilicé la Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso-Gasto para calcular el impacto que han tenido el trasfondo social familiar y los ingresos de la familia en cuanto al acceso a la educación avanzada desde 1984. A pesar que durante el período ya mencionado las universidades públicas de México cobran muy poco al estudiante, las estadisticas ejemplifican que las universidades públicas no aceptan a los estudiantes a base de los ingresos familiares del estudiante. Las universidades privadas, que siempre han sido selectivas, continúan siéndolo. Lo que preocupa más es que, para mediados de la década de los noventa, la juventud que vive en los sectores más pobres ha perdido la oportunidad diez veces más de asistir a universidades públicas que los jóvenes que viven en sectores más adinerados de la ciudad. No es probable que la enseñanza gratuita en sí promueva la igualdad de acceso a universidades públicas, ya que los beneficiarios de la enseñanza gratuita--cada vez más--provienen de familias con altos ingresos.

Social origin and the risks of disadvantage in Denmark and Norway: the early life course of young adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Nicolay Wiborg ◽  
Rasmus Juul Møberg
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Generational Transmission ◽  
Labour Market Regulation ◽  
Absolute Probability ◽  
The Impact

This study uses comparable Danish and Norwegian administrative registers in the period 1992 to 2003 to examine how social origin affects unemployment risks and social assistance reception over the early life course. Denmark and Norway have traditionally been viewed as similar in political, cultural and social aspects. However, labour market regulation in Denmark is more liberal than in Norway. This study therefore serves as a unique comparison of the impact of social origin under varying conditions of labour market regulation. Although the absolute probability of being disadvantaged decreases as individuals progress in age from 20 to 30 and varies between Denmark and Norway, the relative impact of social background is stable and similar. The results offer little support to theories that put a strong emphasis on inter-generational transmission through educational achievements, but rather point toward the importance of ascriptive resources. Generalised estimating equations are used to assess the repeated outcomes.

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