scholarly journals Issues of Concern in Sexology

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
E. Almås ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Sex Therapy ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Sexual Problems ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Market Driven

Objective: This presentation deal with issues of concern in sexology, as they have appeared in sexological publications in the period between 2001 and 2010. Examples are concerns about evidence base; on one side there is concern that there are so few randomized and controlled studies addressing psychological approaches and sex therapy in itself. On the other hand, there is concern that sexual problems are too complex to fit into standardized manuals, and that such simplifications cannot give justice to the complexity of sexual problems as they are embedded in culture and personal relationships. Another issue of concern is the fragmentation of sexology, due to market driven forces that restrict funding to biomedical ways of treatment, leaving more complex, but also more comprehensive treatment methods without funding. It is for example of concern that the number of AASECT certified sex therapists dropped from 928 in 1987 to 392 in 2002. Design and Method: These issues will be addressed based on a systematic literature search for publications on psychological treatment of sexual problems between 2001 and 2010. Results: A total of 261 publications were found, 49 of these concerned therapy as such. Among these, 38 addressed specific treatment methods, and 11 addressed different topics of discussion. This presentation will analyze the 11 articles and the concerns that are discussed. Conclusions: One of the aims is to pinpoint and highlight important issues for the development of better treatment for sexual problems.

scholarly journals Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation in Forensic Psychiatry and Adjacent Clinical Fields: A Review of Current Assessment and Treatment Methods for Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Sygel ◽  
Märta Wallinius
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Background: Research has indicated that interactive, computerized case simulations using immersive virtual reality (VR) technology may be beneficial in the augmentation of conventional methods of assessment and treatment in forensic psychiatry, primarily through providing an engaging and safe environment in which the user can practice and learn skills and behaviors. However, there does not appear to be an overview of current developments available in the field, which may be an obstacle to clinicians considering the use of VR in their clinical practice.Objectives: Current, clinically relevant assessment and treatment methods applying immersive VR in forensic or adjacent clinical settings, were analyzed.Methods: This review surveyed the practical use of immersive VR in forensic psychiatry and relevant adjacent psychiatric and forensic fields from 2016 to 2020 and was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Results: Out of the 1,105 journal articles screened, 14 met criteria for inclusion. Four articles described VR interventions directly addressing forensic psychiatric settings (treatment of general aggression and assessment of sexual offenders against children). The majority of the remaining articles were in the clinical domain of psychosis treatment. Several interventions were designed as part of comprehensive treatment programs, and others were intended as one-off assessments or paired with pre-existing psychological treatment. The degree to which the VR simulations were individualized to the user appeared to be largely dependent upon the extent of provider input. A variety of research methodologies were used in the included articles and the majority had limitations common to small-scale, non-randomized studies. None of the studies reported serious adverse effects.Discussion: There is a lack of large randomized controlled trials of current assessments or treatments using VR simulation in forensic psychiatry, let alone those with long-term follow-up, showing clear advantages of VR over standard practice. The evidence thus far is insufficient to recommend immediate and large-scale implementation of any one VR intervention, however, several have been shown to be feasible and acceptable to the participants and to provide insights and inspiration for future research and development.

Current view of the yesterday's medicine (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9-10 (219-220) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Abay Zhangabylov ◽  
◽  
Bakytzhan Bimbetov ◽  
Nurlan Jainakbayev ◽  
Каramyat Zordinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Current View ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Essential Phospholipids

Phospholipids (PL) – lipids that are not involved in accumulation of fatty deposits play a significant role and serve various functions. Firstly, as a component of cell membranes of all cells in the organism. In clinical practice, for the past decades, phospholipids were primarily used as hepaprotective substances, going by the name of “essential phospholipids (EPL)”. Becoming a popular, demanded, well-promoted remedy for the treatment of liver diseases. However, despite the many years of approbation, the existing and sufficientclinicalexperience, discussions regarding their benefits, effectiveness, safety and reliability are still underway and have brought up diametrically opposed views. From complete rejection of EPL as medicinal means, to full recognition of the advertised properties of EPL drugs based on the given manufacturer’s descriptions. For this reason, to clarify the issuing situation, we have conducted a literature search on the object of investigation. Purpose of the study. Search and critical analysis of modern literature sources on the topic of work using the principles of evidence-based medicine. Material and Methods. A critical online review of the literature sources chosen for the research has been carried out in the Web of Science Thompson Reuters, Springer Link and Pubmed databases, as well as in research works and online articles 10 years deep. Inclusion criteria: research papers with a high index of evidence base. Exclusion criteria: literature sources with no evidence, low quality works. Results and Discussion. The articleoutlines the natural role of proteins, lipids and the function of the cytolemma of intracellularorganoids in the restoration of damaged membranes of hepatocytes - de novo. Substantiating the obvious uselessness of using essential phospholipids in the treatment of liver diseases in general, fatty hepatosis in particular. The inability of penetration into liver cells for phospholipids in their native form and their alignment in thehepacyte membrane is indicated, since they belong to different biological species and have a mutually closed genetic system. In the literature search undertaken by us on this issue, the analytical and critical review of scientific literature have also shown that when ingested, essential phospholipids have low bioavailability, as the phospholipids in the chylomicrons do not directly enter the liver, but first the lymphatic system through which they are transported to the adipose tissue of the organism, where they are accumulated and metabolized. With parenteral administration, EPL spreading through the bloodstream can accumulate in other organs, systems, without reaching the liver tissue. For example, the largest amounts of EPL are usually found in the cell membranes of the nervous tissue and the brain. Conclusion. Essential phospholipids in the form of soy lecithin products cannot replace the endogenous phospholipids of the human body - in principle. Keywords: essentialphospholipids, liver cell membranes, hepaprotectors.

Couples Referred to a Sexual Dysfunction Clinic

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Catalan ◽  
Keith Hawton ◽  
Ann Day
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Sex Therapy ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Careful Assessment ◽  
Motivation For Treatment

Two hundred couples referred to a sexual problems clinic were assessed in a standardised way for their suitability for sex therapy. The assessment focused on the nature of the sexual dysfunction, motivation for treatment, marital and relationship problems, psychiatric status, and physical problems. Approximately one-third of the couples were found to have significant marital and relationship problems, and more than 30% were suffering from psychiatric disorders, although these were usually of mild to moderate intensity. A third of males and 18% of females were suffering from physical disorders likely to contribute to the sexual dysfunction. Patients who were offered sex therapy and who completed their course of treatment were more likely to show high levels of motivation and an absence of physical disorders, marital relationship problems and psychiatric disorder. There should be careful assessment of couples suffering from sexual dysfunction before specific treatment is offered.

Interpersonal psychotherapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Philip Wilkinson ◽  
Ken Laidlaw
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Role Transitions ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

This chapter on interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) describes the theory and practice of this structured psychological treatment. It discusses the implementation of IPT with older people. Next it reviews the applications of IPT with a main focus on the treatment of depression in older adults and distinguishes between the treatment of depression with and without cognitive impairment. It summarizes the structure of IPT and the use of specific techniques, and it then addresses the main therapeutic foci encountered in treatment (grief, interpersonal role disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits). Finally, it briefly reviews the evidence base for IPT with older people.

scholarly journals Children in Need—Diagnostics, Epidemiology, Treatment and Outcome of Early Onset Anorexia Nervosa

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herpertz-Dahlmann ◽  
Dahmen
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Restrictive Eating

Knowledge of anorexia nervosa (AN) in childhood is scarce. This review gives a state-of-the-art overview on the definition, classification, epidemiology and etiology of this serious disorder. The typical features of childhood AN in comparison to adolescent AN and avoidant restrictive eating disorder (ARFID) are described. Other important issues discussed in this article are somatic and psychiatric comorbidity, differential diagnoses and medical and psychological assessment of young patients with AN. Special problems in the medical and psychological treatment of AN in children are listed, although very few studies have investigated age-specific treatment strategies. The physical and mental outcomes of childhood AN appear to be worse than those of adolescent AN, although the causes for these outcomes are unclear. There is an urgent need for ongoing intensive research to reduce the consequences of this debilitating disorder of childhood and to help patients recover.

scholarly journals Do protocols for new randomised trials take previous similar trials into account? Cohort study of contemporary trial protocols

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e026661
Author(s):  
Asger Sand Paludan-Müller ◽  
Michelle C Ogden ◽  
Mikkel Marquardsen ◽  
Jonas Vive ◽  
Karsten Juhl Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Trial Protocols ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Simple Search ◽  
Systematic Literature Searches

ObjectiveTo investigate to what extent evidence from previous similar trials or systematic reviews was considered before conducting new trials.DesignCohort study of contemporary protocols for trials with ethical approval.MethodsAll protocols for randomised trials approved by the five ethical committees in Denmark between January 2012 and March 2013 were screened for eligibility. Included protocols were read in full to determine whether a systematic search had been conducted and references were checked to evaluate whether trial rationale and design could be challenged for not adequately considering previous evidence. To investigate whether protocols cited relevant trials, we used simple search strategies that could easily be conducted by researchers without experience with literature searches.ResultsSixty-seven protocols were included. Only two (3%) of the protocols explicitly stated to have conducted a literature search and only one (1%) provided information that allowed the search to be replicated. Eleven (16%) of the protocols described trials where we found the information insufficient to judge if the trial was ethically justified, either due to a comparator that was not supported by the presented evidence (six protocols), because they did not present a rationale for conducting the trial (two protocols), or for both reasons (three protocols). For eight (12%) of the protocols, our search identified trials that could have been relevant to cite as justification.ConclusionsWhile most protocols seem to adequately consider existing evidence, a substantial minority of trials might lack a sufficient evidence base. Very few trials seemed to have been based on a literature search which makes it impossible to know whether all relevant previous trials had been considered. Rules for ethical approval should include requirements for systematic literature searches to ensure that research participants are not exposed to sub-optimal treatments or unnecessary harms as well as to reduce research waste.

Cognitive behavioural therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Ken Laidlaw ◽  
Philip Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Problem Solving Therapy ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Dementia Caregiver

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a dominant psychological treatment in the management of a range of psychiatric disorders and is increasingly being refined to suit the needs of older adults. This chapter summarizes the theory and practice of CBT, and emphasizes assessment, formulation, and adaptation of treatment with older patients. It describes in detail management of depressive disorder, anxiety disorders and dementia caregiver distress and includes relevant case examples. It also covers problem-solving therapy and behavioural activation. The chapter also describes mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), which has potential benefits in the treatment of older adults, and it reviews applications with older people. It outlines newer applications, including treatment of psychological symptoms associated with physical illness, psychosis, and memory impairment. Finally, it describes how the evidence base for CBT-based interventions with older adults is limited and reviews the extent of the current evidence.

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