Combined ERT and GPR for Laboratory Modelling Experiment

BackgroundOn-pack tobacco warnings can deter smoking initiation and provide powerful cessation cues. However, these warnings typically feature graphic health images, which many young adults dismiss as irrelevant. We estimated responses to more diverse warnings and examined how these performed relative to each other.MethodsWe conducted a behavioural likelihood experiment and a choice modelling experiment in which 474 smokers and 476 susceptible non-smokers aged between 16 and 30 years evaluated 12 warnings featuring health, social, financial and cosmetic themes. The choice data were analysed by estimating Sequential-Best-Worst Choice and Scale-Adjusted Latent Class Models.ResultsSmokers found all test warnings aversive, particularly warnings featuring the effect of smoking on vulnerable third parties, including babies and animals, and showing a dying smoker. Susceptible non-smokers found graphic health warnings and a warning that combined graphic health with loss of physical attractiveness, significantly more aversive than other images tested.ConclusionsIllustrating the harms smoking causes to vulnerable groups may reduce the temporal distance and perceived control over smoking that young adults use to rationalise health warnings. Introducing more diverse warnings could recognise heterogeneity within smoker and susceptible non-smoker populations, and complement warnings featuring long-term health harms.

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Freezing of the Subballast Layers of the Railway Formation – High Embankment and Double Track

Civil and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.2478/cee-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Stanislav Hodás ◽

Alžbeta Pultznerová

Keyword(s):

Numerical Modelling ◽

Winter Period ◽

Temperature Transition ◽

Temperature Behaviour ◽

The Core ◽

Modelling Experiment ◽

The Individual ◽

Double Track

AbstractIn the paper, a numerical modelling experiment is presented in order to detect the temperature transition through the individual layers of the railway formation during the winter period that is their undesirable freezing. In the experiment, the temperature behaviour and the zero isotherm (0 °C) are investigated. We want to prove that the temperatures are also affected by the volume of mass in the railway formation. The modelling of new experiment has been carried out done on a low and also high embankment of single and double track railway, where the volume of material in the core of the formation is almost doubled. The experiment demonstrated that the greater is the mass of the subballast layers, the higher is the resistance to freezing due to the accumulated heat in the pre-winter period.

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Supplementary material to "Laboratory modelling of urban flooding: strengths and challenges of distorted scale models"

10.5194/hess-2018-484-supplement ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Xuefang Li ◽

Sébastien Erpicum ◽

Martin Bruwier ◽

Emmanuel Mignot ◽

Pascal Finaud-Guyot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Flooding ◽

Scale Models ◽

Laboratory Modelling ◽

Supplementary Material

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Laboratory Modelling of Scour on Seawalls

Coastal Structures and Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2015 ◽

10.1061/9780784480304.084 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ravindra Jayaratne ◽

Edgar Mendoza ◽

Rodolfo Silva ◽

Francisco Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Modelling

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Laboratory Modelling of Natural Ventilation Via Chimneys

Architecture and Urban Space ◽

10.1007/978-94-017-0778-7_75 ◽

1991 ◽

pp. 505-510

Author(s):

G. F. Lane-Serff ◽

P. F. Linden ◽

D. J. Parker ◽

D. A. Smeed

Keyword(s):

Natural Ventilation ◽

Laboratory Modelling

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EURODELTA-Trends, a multi-model experiment of air quality hindcast in Europe over 1990–2010

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-10-3255-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3255-3276 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Augustin Colette ◽

Camilla Andersson ◽

Astrid Manders ◽

Kathleen Mar ◽

Mihaela Mircea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Boundary Conditions ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Modelling Experiment ◽

Technical Features

Abstract. The EURODELTA-Trends multi-model chemistry-transport experiment has been designed to facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of air pollution and its drivers for the period 1990–2010 in Europe. The main objective of the experiment is to assess the efficiency of air pollutant emissions mitigation measures in improving regional-scale air quality. The present paper formulates the main scientific questions and policy issues being addressed by the EURODELTA-Trends modelling experiment with an emphasis on how the design and technical features of the modelling experiment answer these questions. The experiment is designed in three tiers, with increasing degrees of computational demand in order to facilitate the participation of as many modelling teams as possible. The basic experiment consists of simulations for the years 1990, 2000, and 2010. Sensitivity analysis for the same three years using various combinations of (i) anthropogenic emissions, (ii) chemical boundary conditions, and (iii) meteorology complements it. The most demanding tier consists of two complete time series from 1990 to 2010, simulated using either time-varying emissions for corresponding years or constant emissions. Eight chemistry-transport models have contributed with calculation results to at least one experiment tier, and five models have – to date – completed the full set of simulations (and 21-year trend calculations have been performed by four models). The modelling results are publicly available for further use by the scientific community. The main expected outcomes are (i) an evaluation of the models' performances for the three reference years, (ii) an evaluation of the skill of the models in capturing observed air pollution trends for the 1990–2010 time period, (iii) attribution analyses of the respective role of driving factors (e.g. emissions, boundary conditions, meteorology), (iv) a dataset based on a multi-model approach, to provide more robust model results for use in impact studies related to human health, ecosystem, and radiative forcing.

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“Climate response functions” for the Arctic Ocean: a proposed coordinated modelling experiment

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-10-2833-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 2833-2848 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

John Marshall ◽

Jeffery Scott ◽

Andrey Proshutinsky

Keyword(s):

Arctic Basin ◽

The Arctic ◽

Climate Response ◽

Response Functions ◽

Sea Ice Extent ◽

Beaufort Gyre ◽

Resolution Model ◽

Modelling Experiment ◽

Expected Benefits ◽

Climate Change Community

Abstract. A coordinated set of Arctic modelling experiments, which explore how the Arctic responds to changes in external forcing, is proposed. Our goal is to compute and compare climate response functions (CRFs) – the transient response of key observable indicators such as sea-ice extent, freshwater content of the Beaufort Gyre, etc. – to abrupt step changes in forcing fields across a number of Arctic models. Changes in wind, freshwater sources, and inflows to the Arctic basin are considered. Convolutions of known or postulated time series of these forcing fields with their respective CRFs then yield the (linear) response of these observables. This allows the project to inform, and interface directly with, Arctic observations and observers and the climate change community. Here we outline the rationale behind such experiments and illustrate our approach in the context of a coarse-resolution model of the Arctic based on the MITgcm. We conclude by summarizing the expected benefits of such an activity and encourage other modelling groups to compute CRFs with their own models so that we might begin to document their robustness to model formulation, resolution, and parameterization.

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