scholarly journals Exergy Models and Tar Removal Techniques in Biomass Gasification

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Ahsan Ayub ◽  
Uzair Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Tar Removal ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fluidized Bed Gasifier

Quest for higher conversion efficiency and reduced environmental impact has increased the focus on renewable energy sources. Biomass is a sustainable form of energy that can be used as an alternate of fossil fuels through biomass gasification. Gasification is one of the most used methods for converting biomass into syngas that is a usable form of energy. The biomass gasification serves as a promising process for energy production. However, uncertainty in process variables and formation of tar has been a challenge in efficient process design and operation. This paper contains literature review of different models used for gasification, tar removal techniques along with Fischer Tropsch reactions for conversion of biomass to liquid fuels. The paper shows circulating and bubbling fluidized bed gasifier as the most efficient model for tar removal and greater exergy efficiency.

scholarly journals The use of renewable resources is an opportunity and an obligation

2014 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Zoltán Balla
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Rational Utilization ◽  
Security Of Supply ◽  
Harmful Substances

The renewable energy sources could be used in energy production, while no or only very slightly emit harmful substances to the environment. The solar, wind, hydropower, biomass and heat rational utilization of land contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.Renewable energy sources also reduces the dependence on fossil fuels, thus contributing to increase security of supply. The creation of local jobs to strengthen the area's population retaining ability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biogas Collection from Reed Canary Grass, Depending on Nitrogen Fertilisation Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kacprzak ◽  
Mariusz Matyka ◽  
Liliana Krzystek ◽  
Stanisław Ledakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Canary Grass

The world in 21st century is facing the problem of growing energy consumption while the supply of fossil fuels is being reduced. This resulted in the development of research into the use of renewable energy sources and development of new technologies for energy production. In Polish conditions the development of agricultural biogas plants finds its legitimacy in the document developed by the Ministry titled "Trends in agricultural biogas plants in Poland in 2010-2020”. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the weather conditions and the degree of nitrogen fertilisation on yield of reed canary grass (Phalaris Arundinacea L.) and to determine their susceptibility to anaerobic digestion, and usefulness of the production of biogas. Carried out experiments showed that increasing nitrogen fertilisation (from 40 to 120 kg N/ha) linearly increased canary grass green biomass yield from 32 to 46.3 t/ha. However, the highest biogas yield 126 m3/ha was obtained when 80 kg N/ha was applied.

scholarly journals Bioelectricity: renewables’ Cinderella in Spain, New Zealand and worldwide

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Dinica
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Human Health Impacts ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Water And Soil Pollution ◽  
Oil Crises

Ever since the oil crises of the 1970s, governments around the world have grappled with the challenge of increasing the security of energy systems. On the demand side, policy interventions have focused on the energy efficiency of technologies, products and buildings, and on energy conservation through behavioural changes. On the supply side, the deployment of domestic renewable energy sources emerged as a logical option; this was especially encouraged in the contexts where political leaders also agreed to address the environmental impacts of energy production based on fossil fuels (air, water and soil pollution, next to biodiversity and human health impacts). The 1980s and 1990s brought about wider global concerns regarding the sustainability of development, reflected in the adoption by most governments of the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Environment and Development and numerous other international agreements. Key among such concerns have been the depletability of natural resources, especially fossil fuels (United Nations, 1987), and the impacts of greenhouse gases on climate change. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI BIODIESEL TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN DAN EMISI GAS BUANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Martin Djamin ◽  
Soni S.Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Promising Solution

Renewable energy sources make a distinction as a promising solution towardssustainable and environmentally friendly energy production. Developing biodiesel isvery important for Indonesia due to various reasons including the abundanceavailability of the raw materials; an alternative renewable fuel to strengthen thecountry energy security and it is a solution to improve local air quality in severalIndonesian major cities. Biodiesel offers a realistic short-term alternative tosubstitute fossil fuels, and it will also be a necessary addition to the emissionfree technology for the future. This paper is intended to provide assessment andinvestigation of the use of different composition of biodiesel and its impact to theenvironment.Key words: Energy security, renewable energy, Biodiesel.

scholarly journals Energy transition and willingness to pay for renewable energy: The case of environmental students

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
Evangelia Karasmanaki
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources

Abstract Examining willingness-to-pay (WTP) for renewable energy sources (RES) as well as views on energy topics can enable policymakers to design effective measures for facilitating the transition from fossil fuels to a renewable-based energy system. The aim of this study was to investigate environmental students’ willingness-to-pay for renewables and their views on various energy topics. Results showed that respondents preferred renewable-based electricity production to conventional energy production while solar energy emerged as the most preferred renewable type. In addition, most respondents were willing to pay for renewable energy but would pay relatively low sums of money per month. Moreover, respondents were divided over whether new lignite plants should be constructed in Greece. Finally, social media and special websites were the most favored media of daily information.

scholarly journals TENDENCY OF GLOBAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE WORLD IN THE LAST TEN YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isak Karabegović
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
The World

It is well-known that, in the past decades, the burning of fossil fuels was identified as the major cause of climate change. Climate change mitigation is becoming a central concern of global society. Limiting global warming to below 2 °C above the temperature of the pre-industrial period is the key to preserving global ecosystems and providing a secure basis for human activities, as well as reducing excessive environmental change. The ambitions increased at an accelerated pace with a dramatic expansion of net zero-emission targets. Increasing pressure from citizens and society has forced countries to intensify their climate plans, while the private sector has bought a record amount of renewable energy. An energy system based on fossil fuels must be replaced by renewable energy with low carbon emissions with improved energy efficiency. That applies to all consumers of fossil energy: cities, villages, building sectors, industry, transport, agriculture, and forestry. The paper explores and presents the strategy of energy development of renewable energy sources in the world. The application of new technologies that have led to developing renewable energy sources is presented in detail: wind energy, solar energy, small hydropower plants, biomass, and their increase in the total share of energy production, i.e., reduced fossil fuel use in energy production. Investments in new technologies used in renewable energy sources have led to increases in employment worldwide. Analysis of the trend of increased energy production from RES (Renewable Energy Sources) with investment plans, the employment rate for each energy source, and the development of renewable energy sources in the coming period are provided.

scholarly journals Energy from Landfill Gas as an Example of Circular Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Ciuła ◽  
Krzysztof Gaska ◽  
Agnieszka Generowicz ◽  
Gabriela Hajduga
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Chp System ◽  
Landfill Biogas

Landfill biogas becomes an important factor in elimination of fossil fuels as a result of fast- growing use of renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of operation of the plant where landfill biogas was utilized for energy production. The average annually (gross) productions of electric energy and heat at the plant were 1217 MWh and 1,789 MW, respectively. The average calorific value of biogas was 17 MJ/m3, which corresponds to 4,8 kW/m3. According to the measurements and actual readings acquired during operation of a cogeneration unit, it can be stated that the CHP system has been working within its average operation limits and still has some power reserves to utilize. Therefore, the authors concluded that a landfill can be operated both as a producer and a supplier of prosumer energy.

scholarly journals Principles and practice of designing microbial biocatalysts for fuel and chemical production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K T Shanmugam ◽  
Lonnie O Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Microbial Biocatalysts ◽  
Lignocellulosic Sugars

ABSTRACT The finite nature of fossil fuels and the environmental impact of its use have raised interest in alternate renewable energy sources. Specifically, non-food carbohydrates, such as lignocellulosic biomass, can be used to produce next generation biofuels, including cellulosic ethanol and other non-ethanol fuels like butanol. However, currently there is no native microorganism that can ferment all lignocellulosic sugars to fuel molecules. Thus, research is focused on engineering improved microbial biocatalysts for production of liquid fuels at high productivity, titer and yield. A clear understanding and application of the basic principles of microbial physiology and biochemistry are crucial to achieve this goal. In this review, we present and discuss the construction of microbial biocatalysts that integrate these principles with ethanol-producing Escherichia coli as an example of metabolic engineering. These principles also apply to fermentation of lignocellulosic sugars to other chemicals that are currently produced from petroleum.

Renewable Energy Strategies for Sustainable Development in Fujian

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2477-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li Zhang ◽  
Qi Xun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Strategies

Renewable energy is considered important resources for sustainable development all over the world. Fujian province, locating in south-east of China, was selected as an example to discuss renewable energy strategies for sustainable development. The potential renewable energy sources in Fujian were analyzed. And the strategies involve three major technological changes, including energy savings on the demand side, efficiency improvements in the energy production, and replacement of fossil fuels by various sources of renewable energy. Nuclear energy was also introduced to the energy system. The conclusion was that converting present energy systems into a 100% renewable system was possible; in case of some flexible energy system technologies as well as nuclear power were introduced to the present energy system.

scholarly journals Potencjał energetyczny biomasy roślinnej i możliwości wykorzystania do celów energetycznych

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Perennial Energy Crops

The need to ensure energy security, decouple energy production from fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emission are driving the use of renewable energy sources. The purpose of the study is to assess the energy potential of agricultural crops biomass and to indicate its potential for electricity and heat production. The data from the Agricultural Census 2010 were used for analyses. On the basis of the detailed analysis of the changes in agricultural production in the years 2010-2015 the data has been updated. Is was assumed that the changes in communes were similar to those in voivodships. The energy potential of the crop biomass was estimated taking into account surpluses of straw, hay and perennial energy crops biomass. The study shows that energy potential of the biomass without jeopardizing food production amounts at 305,8 thousand TJ per year.

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