scholarly journals The Bitter the Taste, The Better is the Medicine: Is Caffeine the Answer to COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devyani Sharma ◽  
Ashutosh Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Chemokine Signaling ◽  
T Cell Receptor Signaling

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. The virus is mainly transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. The firsthand reason for COVID 19 is upper respiratory dysfunction which allows the entry of viruses in the respiratory system and leads to severe problems in the human body. Thus, Bitter taste receptor, TAS2Rs on human airway smooth muscle (ASM) found in the respiratory system can play a big role in providing immunity against COVID-19. Activation of TAS2Rs by bitter agonists activates host defense pathways through calcium signaling. Cytokines storms is the another reason for COVID -19 that can be prevented by TAS2Rs because it can regulate natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, chemokine signaling pathways, T cell receptor signaling pathways, TNF signaling pathways, and others. Since, we propose to utilize caffeine, the bitter agonists to stimulate the TAS2Rs, activating host defense mechanisms and also suppressing the cytokine storms due to its anti-inflammatory action, altogether leading to an ameliorated effects of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Identification of Active Compounds of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction and Their Mechanisms of Action by LC-MS/MS and Network Pharmacology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Chang-Shun Liu ◽  
Ting Xia ◽  
Qing-Fa Tang ◽  
Xiao-Mei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
T Cell Receptor Signaling ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms

The decoction is an important dosage form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) administration. The Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction (MFXD) is widely used to treat allergic rhinitis (AR) in China. However, its active compounds and therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study was to establish an integrative method to identify the bioactive compounds and reveal the mechanisms of action of MFXD. LC-MS/MS was used to identify the compounds in MFXD, followed by screening for oral bioavailability. TCMSP, BindingDB, STRING, DAVID, and KEGG databases and algorithms were used to gather information. Cytoscape was used to visualize the networks. Twenty-four bioactive compounds were identified, and thirty-seven predicted targets of these compounds were associated with AR. DAVID analysis suggested that these compounds exert their therapeutic effects by modulating the Fc epsilon RI, B-cell receptor, Toll-like receptor, TNF, NF-κB, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways. The PI3K/AKT and cAMP signaling pathways were also implicated. Ten of the identified compounds, quercetin, pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, β-asarone, methylephedrine, α-linolenic acid, cathine, ferulic acid, nardosinone, and higenamine, seemed to account for most of the beneficial effects of MFXD in AR. This study showed that LC-MS/MS followed by network pharmacology analysis is useful to elucidate the complex mechanisms of action of TCM formulas.

scholarly journals Specific Differentially Methylated and Expressed Genes in People with Longevity Family History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhong LI ◽  
Qingqing NONG ◽  
Bin GUAN ◽  
Haoyu HE ◽  
Zhiyong ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Chemokine Signaling ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes ◽  
Receptor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Chemokine Signaling Pathway ◽  
And Control

Background: We attempt to identify specific differentially methylated and expressed genes in people with longevity family history, it will contribute to discover significant features about human longevity. Methods: A prevalence study was conducted during October 2017 to January 2019 in Bama County of Guangxi, China and individuals were recruited and grouped into longevity family (n=60) and non-longevity family (n=60) to identify differentially methylated genes (DMGs). The expression profile dataset GSE16717 was downloaded from the GEO database in which individuals were divided into 3 groups, namely longevity (n=50), longevity offspring (n=50) and control (n=50) for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). It was considered significantly different when P or adjusted P0.05. Results: In total, 117 longevity-related hypermethylated genes enriched in interleukin secretion/production regulation, chemokine signaling pathway and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Another 296 significant key longevity-related DEGs primarily involved in protein binding, nucleus, cytoplasm, T cell receptor signaling pathway and Metabolic pathway, H19 and PFKFB4 were found to be both methylated and downregulated in people with longevity family history. Conclusion: Human longevity-specific genes involve in many immunity regulations and cellular immunity pathways, H19 and PFKFB4 show hypermethylated and suppressed status in people with longevity family history and might serve as longevity candidate genes.

scholarly journals Phosphotyrosine-Dependent Coupling of Tim-3 to T-Cell Receptor Signaling Pathways

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (19) ◽  
pp. 3963-3974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lee ◽  
E. W. Su ◽  
C. Zhu ◽  
S. Hainline ◽  
J. Phuah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
T Cell Receptor Signaling ◽  
Cell Receptor Signaling

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species Differentially Affect T Cell Receptor-signaling Pathways*

2002 ◽  
Vol 277 (22) ◽  
pp. 19585-19593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saso Cemerski ◽  
Alain Cantagrel ◽  
Joost P. M. van Meerwijk ◽  
Paola Romagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
T Cell Receptor Signaling ◽  
Cell Receptor Signaling

scholarly journals Injury Induces Early Activation of T-Cell Receptor Signaling Pathways in CD4+ Regulatory T Cells

Shock ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Hanschen ◽  
Goro Tajima ◽  
Fionnuala O'Leary ◽  
Kimiko Ikeda ◽  
James A. Lederer
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Early Activation ◽  
T Cell Receptor Signaling ◽  
Cell Receptor Signaling

scholarly journals Mutation of Tyrosines 492/493 in the Kinase Domain of ZAP-70 Affects Multiple T-cell Receptor Signaling Pathways

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (51) ◽  
pp. 32644-32652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Mège ◽  
Vincenzo Di Bartolo ◽  
Valérie Germain ◽  
Loretta Tuosto ◽  
Fredérique Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
T Cell Receptor Signaling ◽  
Cell Receptor Signaling
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