<p>Lipid Testing Trends in the US Before and After the Release of the 2013 Cholesterol Treatment Guidelines</p>

Safety-net institutions in the US grapple with new cholesterol treatment guidelines: a qualitative analysis from the PHoENIX Network

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ◽

10.2147/rmhp.s156311 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol Volume 11 ◽

pp. 99-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valy Fontil ◽

Courtney Lyles ◽

Dean Schillinger ◽

Margaret Handley ◽

Sara Ackerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Safety Net ◽

Cholesterol Treatment ◽

The Us ◽

The Phoenix

Recent Update to the US Cholesterol Treatment Guidelines

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circulationaha.116.021407 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (18) ◽

pp. 1795-1806 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Matthew Nayor ◽

Ramachandran S. Vasan

Keyword(s):

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Cholesterol Treatment ◽

The Us

KETIDAKEFEKTIFAN KEBIJAKAN ANTI-DUMPING PRODUK IMPOR BAJA INDONESIA: SEBUAH ANALISIS AWAL

Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan ◽

10.30908/bilp.v11i2.230 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 143-168

Author(s):

Aditya Paramita Alhayat

Keyword(s):

Government Regulation ◽

Best Practice ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Information Services ◽

Global Trade ◽

Trade Patterns ◽

Safeguard Measures ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

The Government

Meskipun Indonesia telah mengenakan tindakan anti-dumping terhadap beberapa jenis produk baja, namun impor produk tersebut masih meningkat. Salah satu kemungkinan penyebabnya adalah importasi melalui produk yang dimodifikasi secara tidak substansial atau melalui negara ketiga yang tidak dikenakan tindakan anti-dumping, yang dalam perdagangan internasional umum disebut sebagai praktik circumvention. Studi ini ditujukan untuk membuktikan bahwa circumvention mengakibatkan tindakan anti-dumping atas impor produk baja Indonesia tidak efektif dan untuk memberikan masukan berdasarkan praktik di negara lain supaya kebijakan anti-dumping Indonesia lebih efektif. Circumvention dianalisis dengan membandingkan pola perdagangan antara sebelum dan setelah pengenaan bea masuk anti-dumping (BMAD) menggunakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) maupun Global Trade Information Services (GTIS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya indikasi kuat bahwa circumvention mengkibatkan pengenaan tindakan anti-dumping impor produk baja di Indonesia menjadi tidak efektif. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting bagi Pemerintah Indonesia untuk segera melakukan penyempurnaan terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah No. 34/2011 tentang Tindakan Antidumping, Tindakan Imbalan, dan Tindakan Pengamanan Perdagangan dengan memasukkan klausul tindakan anti-circumvention yang setidaknya mencakup bentuk-bentuk dan prosedur tindakan, sebagaimana yang telah dilakukan beberapa negara seperti: AS, EU, Australia, dan India. Although Indonesia has imposed anti-dumping measures on several types of steel products, the import of steel products is still increasing. One possible cause is that imports are made by non-substantial modification of product or through a third country which is not subject to anti-dumping measures, which is generally referred as circumvention practice. This study is aimed to prove that circumvention made Indonesian anti-dumping actions on the steel products ineffective. This also study provides recommendation for a best practice for other countries so that Indonesia's anti-dumping policy can be more effective. Circumvention was analyzed by comparing trade patterns between before and after the imposition of anti-dumping duty using secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the Global Trade Information Services (GTIS). The results of the analysis indicate that circumvention became the reason why Indonesian anti-dumping measures on imported steel products are ineffective. Therefore, it is very important for the Government of Indonesia to immediately make amendments to the Government Regulation No. 34/2011 on Antidumping, Countervailing, and Safeguard Measures by adopting clauses of anti-circumvention. This can be done bycovering the forms/types and procedures of action, as has been implemented by several countries such as the US, EU, Australia, and India.

Changes in Perceptions of Filipino Immigrants about Themselves and of Americans Before and After Coming to the United States

10.31124/advance.8107907 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gremil Alessandro Naz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Symbolic Interaction ◽

The United States ◽

The Philippines ◽

Appraisal Theory ◽

American Values ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

Symbolic Interaction Theory ◽

Filipino Immigrants

<p>This paper examines the changes in Filipino immigrants’ perceptions about themselves and of Americans before and after coming to the United States. Filipinos have a general perception of themselves as an ethnic group. They also have perceptions about Americans whose media products regularly reach the Philippines. Eleven Filipinos who have permanently migrated to the US were interviewed about their perceptions of Filipinos and Americans. Before coming to the US, they saw themselves as hardworking, family-oriented, poor, shy, corrupt, proud, adaptable, fatalistic, humble, adventurous, persevering, gossipmonger, and happy. They described Americans as rich, arrogant, educated, workaholic, proud, powerful, spoiled, helpful, boastful, materialistic, individualistic, talented, domineering, friendly, accommodating, helpful, clean, and kind. Most of the respondents changed their perceptions of Filipinos and of Americans after coming to the US. They now view Filipinos as having acquired American values or “Americanized.” On the other hand, they stopped perceiving Americans as a homogenous group possessing the same values after they got into direct contact with them. The findings validate social perception and appraisal theory, and symbolic interaction theory.</p>

Bioelectric Effect of a Microcurrent Toothbrush on Plaque Removal

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18168255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 8255

Author(s):

Ji-Hyun Lee ◽

Jin-Hee Ha

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Flora ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Direct Electric Current ◽

Plaque Removal ◽

Bioelectric Effect ◽

Biofilm Removal ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

Previous State

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a microcurrent toothbrush (approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]), which employs a superimposed alternating and direct electric current, named as a Proxywave® technology, similar to the intensity of the biocurrent, in plaque removal and reducing gingivitis by biofilm removal through the bioelectric effect. This study enrolled 40 volunteers with gingivitis. Dental observations were made every two weeks, before and after the use of each toothbrush. We randomly assigned participants into two groups: one group used the Proxywave® toothbrush (PB) for two weeks followed by the control toothbrush (CB) for two weeks, while the other group used the CB for two weeks followed by the PB. The participants had a two-week washout period. If the toothbrush used earlier has had an effect on the bacterial flora in the oral cavity, this is to remove this effect and return it to its previous state. During each dental visit, we recorded plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) scores. The PI and GI scores were significantly lower in both the PB and the CB (p < 0.05). Considering the PI, there was no significant difference between the toothbrushes on all the surfaces. Considering the GI, the PB showed a significant decrease in the interproximal surface, compared to the CB (p < 0.05). The PB showed a significant decrease in the interproximal GI and had a beneficial effect in the interproximal area where the bristles could not reach. No adverse events were observed in the participants during the clinical trial. The microcurrent toothbrush is a device that can be safely used for plaque removal.

Antibiotic use in elderly hospital inpatients before and after the introduction of treatment guidelines

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1111/j.2042-7174.1999.tb00945.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 18-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. J. McCAIG ◽

C. A. HIND ◽

G. DOWNIE ◽

S. WILKINSON

Keyword(s):

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Before And After ◽

Hospital Inpatients

Prevalence and Trends of Adult Obesity in the US, 1999–2012

ISRN Obesity ◽

10.1155/2014/185132 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ruopeng An

Keyword(s):

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Measured Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Socioeconomic Consequences

Aim. To provide national estimates of obesity among US adults aged 20 years and older in 2011-2012 and track its trends from 1999 to 2012. Methods. Measured weight/height from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2012 waves was used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and prevalence measures. Piecewise logistic regressions were conducted to test the differential trends before and after 2010. Results. In 2011-2012, the age-adjusted prevalence of overweight and obesity combined (BMI≥25) was 71.1% (95% CI: 68.0%–74.2%) among men and 65.5% (61.8%–69.3%) among women, and the prevalence of obesity (BMI≥30) was 33.3% (30.5%–36.2%) among men and 35.8% (32.3%–39.4%) among women. From 1990–2000 to 2009-2010, the prevalence of overweight and obesity combined, obesity, grades 2 and 3 obesity combined (BMI≥35), and grade 3 obesity (BMI≥40) increased by 7.2%, 17.8%, 17.6%, and 33.0%, respectively. Compared to 2009-2010, most gender- and race/ethnicity-specific prevalence measures remained unchanged or slightly decreased in 2011-2012. No significant difference in trends among prevalence measures was found before and after 2010. Conclusions. Concurrent evidence on the leveling off of obesity in the US is thin. Given its high prevalence and profound socioeconomic consequences, close monitoring of the trend is warranted.

A Thankfully Wide Sea between England and Apprendi-Land

Statute Law Review ◽

10.1093/slr/hmaa023 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Curr

Keyword(s):

Reasonable Doubt ◽

State Courts ◽

Guilty Plea ◽

Previous Evidence ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

American Law ◽

Fact Finding ◽

Post Trial ◽

Trial Phase

ABSTRACT This article uses the US Supreme Court’s line of cases beginning with Apprendi v. New Jersey to illuminate territory in which English law, in comparison to American law, is comparatively underdeveloped—currently affording a Newton-style hearing only where a guilty plea obliterates any previous evidence. This need not be so. Both before and after Apprendi, US federal and state courts have implemented post-trial fact-finding procedures for sentencing purposes, and we could do the same. The Davies case, where the requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt was imported from the trial phase, into consideration of the statutory starting points for murder sentencing, will, for reasons to be given, be doubted.

Abstract 13457: ACC/AHA Guidelines on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk: Implications for US Hispanics/Latino Based on fFndings From the HCHS-SOL

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.13457 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Waqas Qureshi ◽

Robert C Kaplan ◽

Katrina Swett ◽

Gregory Burke ◽

Martha Davilgus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statin Therapy ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Target Population ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cholesterol Treatment ◽

Hispanic Adults ◽

Hispanic Latinos ◽

Multi Center Study ◽

Middle Aged Adults

Introduction: Hispanic/Latinos are the largest ethnic minority in United States with significant cultural and racial heterogeneity. The recent cholesterol treatment guidelines are mainly based on estimates from non-Hispanic white and black cohorts. Aim: To estimate the proportion of US Hispanic adults potentially affected by recent changes in recommendations for statin therapy eligibility under the 3rd National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP/ATP III) and the new 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol treatment guidelines. Methods: HCHS/SOL is a large multi-center study of Hispanics/Latinos in US communities (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; and San Diego, CA) (n=16,415; mean age 41 years, 40% males) . We evaluated weighted prevalence of statin-treated individuals and the proportion of target population that met the eligibility criteria for statin therapy under NCEP/ATP III versus 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol treatment guidelines. Results: A total of 1,716 (10.4%) were treated with statins in HCHS/SOL cohort. However, 3,366 (20.5%) and 5,268 (32.1%) were eligible for statin therapy under NCEP/ATP III and 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines respectively. The proportion of statin-eligible adults increased primarily among older adults from 44% to 87% and males from 19% to 39% under NCEP/ATP III guidelines and 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines respectively (Figure 1). There was also an increase in eligibility for statin therapy in middle aged adults (44% to 65%). Conclusions: Regardless of the definition for statin eligibility, Hispanics are grossly undertreated (only half and only a third of those statin-eligible under the ATP III or the new ACC/AHA guidelines respectively are receiving treatment). The eligibility of statin therapy almost doubles consistently across all Hispanic/Latinos subgroups of under the new 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines.

Intergenerational transmission of paternal trauma among US Civil War ex-POWs

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1803630115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (44) ◽

pp. 11215-11220 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Dora L. Costa ◽

Noelle Yetter ◽

Heather DeSomer

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Prisoner Of War ◽

Cultural Effects ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

In Captivity ◽

Us Civil War ◽

Rule Out

We study whether paternal trauma is transmitted to the children of survivors of Confederate prisoner of war (POW) camps during the US Civil War (1861–1865) to affect their longevity at older ages, the mechanisms behind this transmission, and the reversibility of this transmission. We examine children born after the war who survived to age 45, comparing children whose fathers were non-POW veterans and ex-POWs imprisoned in very different camp conditions. We also compare children born before and after the war within the same family by paternal ex-POW status. The sons of ex-POWs imprisoned when camp conditions were at their worst were 1.11 times more likely to die than the sons of non-POWs and 1.09 times more likely to die than the sons of ex-POWs when camp conditions were better. Paternal ex-POW status had no impact on daughters. Among sons born in the fourth quarter, when maternal in utero nutrition was adequate, there was no impact of paternal ex-POW status. In contrast, among sons born in the second quarter, when maternal nutrition was inadequate, the sons of ex-POWs who experienced severe hardship were 1.2 times more likely to die than the sons of non-POWs and ex-POWs who fared better in captivity. Socioeconomic effects, family structure, father-specific survival traits, and maternal effects, including quality of paternal marriages, cannot explain our findings. While we cannot rule out fully psychological or cultural effects, our findings are most consistent with an epigenetic explanation.