scholarly journals Clinical Management of Risk of Radiation Pneumonia with Serum Markers During the Radiotherapy for Patients with Thoracic Malignant Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 10249-10256
Author(s):  
Yuxia Deng ◽  
Ting Qiu ◽  
Nishant Patel ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
Tao Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Radiation Pneumonia ◽  
Management Of Risk

scholarly journals Endocrine dysfunctions during treatment of immune-checkpoint inhibitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidefumi Inaba ◽  
Hiroyuki Ariyasu ◽  
Hisako Okuhira ◽  
Yuki Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroaki Akamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Novel Agents

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel agents directed to various malignant tumors. During ICI therapy, however, immune related adverse effects (irAEs) including endocrine dysfunctions have been reported. Dysfunctions in the pituitary gland and the thyroid gland by ICI are often observed, and those in the adrenal glands and the pancreas are less frequent. Positive correlation of the prevalence of endocrine irAEs to clinical antitumor effectiveness during ICI therapy has been reported. The mechanisms of endocrine irAEs by ICI, however, remain unclear, and optimal prevention, prediction, and treatment of the irAEs are still uncertain. This review describes possible mechanisms involved in ICI-related immunity, and discusses clinical management of endocrine irAEs during ICI therapy.

HE4 can Help Discriminate Women with Malignant Ovarian Tumors only if CA125 Levels are Elevated

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise da Rocha Pitta ◽  
Luis Otávio Sarian ◽  
Elisabete Aparecida Campos ◽  
Liliana Lucci De Angelo Andrade ◽  
Luis Felipe Sallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permutation Test ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective To evaluate the performance of mesothelin, CA125, HE4 and ROMA index in the detection of malignant ovarian tumors. Study Design This is a cross-sectional study including 199 women with adnexal masses (67 with malignant tumors and 132 with benign tumors) and 150 healthy women (controls). We used a recursive multivariate partitioning algorithm to assess the contribution of each of the serum markers and the ROMA index to the discrimination of women with malignant tumors. Also, the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) for each of the serum markers and for the ROMA index were compared using the Venkatraman's projection-permutation test. Results In the recursive model, CA125 had the best performance in discriminating women with malignant tumors. In women with normal-range CA125 levels, none of the other markers contributed to the discrimination of women with malignant tumors. In women with elevated CA125 levels, elevated HE4 levels were associated with an increased risk of harboring a malignant tumor. The AUC for mesothelin was smaller than that for all the other curves, and both the ROMA index and CA125 had better AUC than HE4. Conclusion In women with normal CA125 levels, neither mesothelin nor HE4 contributed to discriminate women with malignant ovarian tumors; however, for women with elevated CA125 levels HE4 may help discriminating those who have a malignant ovarian tumor.

scholarly journals Endocrine dysfunctions during treatment of immune-checkpoint inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Hidefumi Inaba ◽  
Hiroyuki Ariyasu ◽  
Hisako Okuhira ◽  
Yuki Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroaki Akamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Novel Agents

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are novel agents directed to various malignant tumors. During ICI therapy, however, immune related adverse effects (irAEs) including endocrine dysfunctions have been reported. Dysfunctions in the pituitary gland and the thyroid gland by ICI are often observed, and those in the adrenal glands and the pancreas are less frequent. Positive correlation of the prevalence of endocrine irAEs to clinical antitumor effectiveness during ICI therapy has been reported. The mechanisms of endocrine irAEs by ICI, however, remain unclear, and optimal prevention, prediction, and treatment of the irAEs are still uncertain. This review describes possible mechanisms involved in ICI-related immunity, and discusses clinical management of endocrine irAEs during ICI therapy.

scholarly journals PEDT-5 Problem for the guideline of CNS germ cell tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi11-vi11
Author(s):  
Hideo Nakamura ◽  
Takaaki Yanagisawa ◽  
Toshinori Soejima ◽  
Hideaki Yokoo ◽  
Ryo Nishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Diagnostic Measures

Abstract Primary CNS germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare neoplasms, therefore, a clinical guideline has not been established so far. While better management has been achieved over recent decades by modifying radiation coverage and selecting appropriate chemotherapy, standardization of treatment remains challenging, partly due to the low volume of cases encountered in each institution. As the incidence is higher in East Asia, including Japan, the Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology established a multidisciplinary task force to create an evidence-based guideline for CNS GCTs. The Medical Information Network Distribution Service (Minds) guideline was referred to and utilized in the course of creating this guideline. We chose 6 topics and 10 clinical questions. This guideline provides recommendations for multiple dimensions of clinical management for CNS GCTs, with particular focus on diagnostic measures including serum markers, treatment algorithms including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and under-investigated but important areas such as treatment for recurrent cases, long-term follow-up protocols and long-term sequelae. International collaborations to set standards of clinical management for this rare tumor have proven fruitful, concurrently, many fields continue to show variance in clinical practice, partly due to the rarity of clinical encounters and the absence of documented standards. There still seem to be differences in the treatment concept between Japan and North America or Europe countries. This guideline serves the purpose of helping healthcare professionals keep up to date with current knowledge and standards of management for patients with this rare disease in daily clinical practice, as well as driving future translational and clinical research by recognizing unmet needs concerning this tumor. We discuss about the issues both already clarified and should be cleared in the future.

The application of electron microscopy to diagnosis in gynecologic neoplasms and tumor-like conditions

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Gynecologic Neoplasms

The female reproductive tract may be the site of a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors, as well as non-neoplastic tumor-like conditions, most of which can be diagnosed by light microscopic examination including special stains and more recently immunoperoxidase techniques. Nevertheless there are situations where ultrastructural examination can contribute substantially to an accurate and specific diagnosis. It is my opinion that electron microscopy can be of greatest benefit and is most cost effective when applied in conjunction with other methodologies. Thus, I have developed an approach which has proved useful for me and may have benefit for others. In cases where it is deemed of potential value, glutaraldehyde-fixed material is obtained at the time of frozen section or otherwise at operation. Coordination with the gynecologic oncologist is required in the latter situation. This material is processed and blocked and is available if a future need arises.

Ultrastructure of Cryptorchidism and Seminoma

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
Shirley Siew ◽  
Susan C. James
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Bilateral Orchiectomy

Testicular maldescent is the most common endocrine gland abnormality, as 2.7% of mature neonates are cryptorchid. The significant complications are that there is a disturbance of normal maturation which results in diminished fertility and there is an increase in the malignant potential which is 35 times greater in the undescended than the descended testis. It is considered that genetic influences may be of etiological importance and recurrence has been described in some families. It is of interest, that the case reported here has 2 siblings who have also presented with cryptorchidism and malignant tumors.The propositus is 14 years old. He is well developed (described by some as obese) and shows normal secondary male characteristics except for an immature scrotum. Laparotomy showed both testes to be intraabdominal. A hard nodule (0.5cm) was palpated on the medial aspect of the left testis. Frozen section showed the presence of seminoma and bilateral orchiectomy was performed.

Hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations in perimetastatic areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
H. J. Finol ◽  
M. E. Correa ◽  
L.A. Sosa ◽  
A. Márquez ◽  
N.L. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pancreas Carcinoma ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Primary Malignant Tumor ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Remote Sites

In classical oncological literature two mechanisms for tissue aggression in patients with cancer have been described. The first is the progressive invasion, infiltration and destruction of tissues surrounding primary malignant tumor or their metastases; the other includes alterations produced in remote sites that are not directly affected by any focus of disease, the so called paraneoplastic phenomenon. The non-invaded tissue which surrounds a primary malignant tumor or its metastases has been usually considered a normal tissue . In this work we describe the ultrastructural changes observed in hepatocytes located next to metastases from diverse malignant tumors.Hepatic biopsies were obtained surgically in patients with different malignant tumors which metatastized in liver. Biopsies included tumor mass, the zone of macroscopic contact between the tumor and the surrounding tissue, and the tissue adjacent to the tumor but outside the macroscopic area of infiltration. The patients (n = 5), 36–75 years old, presented different tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, pancreas carcinoma, biliar duct carcinoma and colon carcinoma. Tissue samples were processed with routine techniques for transmission electron microscopy and observed in a Hitachi H-500 electron microscope.

Assessing the Use of Age-Equivalent Scores in Clinical Management

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol W. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Language Deficits

Speech-language evaluation reports from many institutions present age-equivalent scores as the evidence for speech-language deficits. Yet, the value and interpretation of this measurement criterion requires clinical scrutiny. This article reviews the concept and derivation of age-equivalent scores and presents arguments against their use in case management decisions.

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