Ultrastructure of Cryptorchidism and Seminoma

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
Shirley Siew ◽  
Susan C. James
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Bilateral Orchiectomy

Testicular maldescent is the most common endocrine gland abnormality, as 2.7% of mature neonates are cryptorchid. The significant complications are that there is a disturbance of normal maturation which results in diminished fertility and there is an increase in the malignant potential which is 35 times greater in the undescended than the descended testis. It is considered that genetic influences may be of etiological importance and recurrence has been described in some families. It is of interest, that the case reported here has 2 siblings who have also presented with cryptorchidism and malignant tumors.The propositus is 14 years old. He is well developed (described by some as obese) and shows normal secondary male characteristics except for an immature scrotum. Laparotomy showed both testes to be intraabdominal. A hard nodule (0.5cm) was palpated on the medial aspect of the left testis. Frozen section showed the presence of seminoma and bilateral orchiectomy was performed.

Operative staging and conservative surgery in the management of low malignant potential ovarian tumors

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Robinson ◽  
J. P. Curtin ◽  
C. P. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Conservative Surgery ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
Intraoperative Management ◽  
Low Malignant Potential ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

The medical records of 45- patients with intraoperative diagnosis of borderline or low malignant potential (LMP) ovarian tumor were reviewed to identify factors affecting intraoperative management. The correlation between gross and histologic staging was examined, as was the complication rate following surgery. Patient age and presence of qualifying pathologic terms on frozen section diagnosis were the only important factors relating to performance of surgical procedure. Surgical complications were closely associated with non-conservative surgery. Thirteen of 14 (92.8%) patients with significant complications had a hysterectomy. These 14 patients had staging procedures at essentially the same rate as the entire population. Thirteen of 45 patients (28.8%) thought to have LMP by frozen section had a different diagnosis on permanent review; 5 were benign and 8 were frankly malignant, confirming the limitations of frozen section in the diagnosis of LMP ovarian tumor. Of 40 with LMP or frankly malignant tumors 5(12.5%) were upstaged based on unsuspected histopathologic findings. These results indicate the need for a standard approach to staging in patients who are suspected to have an LMP ovarian tumor and should encourage the performance of conservative surgery when appropriate.

Accuracy of Frozen-Section Diagnosis of Ovarian Mucinous Tumors

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tip Pongsuvareeyakul ◽  
Surapan Khunamornpong ◽  
Jongkolnee Settakorn ◽  
Kornkanok Sukpan ◽  
Prapaporn Suprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Size ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Diagnostic Agreement ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Frozen Section Diagnosis ◽  
Low Malignant Potential

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections of ovarian mucinous tumors and to identify the features associated with an inaccurate diagnosis.MethodsCases of ovarian mucinous tumors (benign, low malignant potential [LMP] or borderline, primary malignant, and metastatic) diagnosed by frozen section or final histology were recruited. Frozen-section diagnoses were compared with the final histologic diagnoses. Possible variables associated with diagnostic discrepancy were analyzed.ResultsA comparison of the diagnoses was done in 195 cases (102 benign, 61 LMP, 18 primary malignant, and 14 metastatic). Diagnostic agreement was observed in 164 cases (84.1%) and discrepancy in 31 cases (15.9%). The sensitivity of frozen-section diagnosis was low in LMP (67.2%) and malignant tumors (55.6%). The specificity was the lowest in the benign category (78.5%). The positive predictive values of all categories were less than 90% (range, 83.3%–85.7%). Diagnostic discrepancy was associated with tumor size of greater than 13 cm (P = 0.019) and the number of frozen sections of 4 or more (P = 0.035). However, in a multivariate analysis, there was no independent predictor of diagnostic discrepancy. The number of frozen sections 4 or more was strongly associated with tumor size of greater than 13 cm (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThe sensitivity of frozen-section diagnosis of LMP and malignant mucinous tumors was low. The inaccuracy of a frozen-section diagnosis of ovarian mucinous tumors may be related to a tumor size of greater than 13 cm. Increasing the number of intraoperative samples over 3 sections per case may not effectively increase the accuracy of frozen-section diagnosis in mucinous tumors.

The application of electron microscopy to diagnosis in gynecologic neoplasms and tumor-like conditions

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Gynecologic Neoplasms

The female reproductive tract may be the site of a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors, as well as non-neoplastic tumor-like conditions, most of which can be diagnosed by light microscopic examination including special stains and more recently immunoperoxidase techniques. Nevertheless there are situations where ultrastructural examination can contribute substantially to an accurate and specific diagnosis. It is my opinion that electron microscopy can be of greatest benefit and is most cost effective when applied in conjunction with other methodologies. Thus, I have developed an approach which has proved useful for me and may have benefit for others. In cases where it is deemed of potential value, glutaraldehyde-fixed material is obtained at the time of frozen section or otherwise at operation. Coordination with the gynecologic oncologist is required in the latter situation. This material is processed and blocked and is available if a future need arises.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a step-by-step approach to frozen section diagnosis in ovarian masses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Ashumi Gupta ◽  
Neelam Jain
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Ovarian Masses

Background: Ovarian cancer forms a significant proportion of cancer-related mortality in females. It is often detected late due to non-specific clinical presentation. Radiology and tumor markers may indicate an ovarian mass. However, exact diagnosis requires pathological evaluation, which may not be possible before surgery. Intraoperative frozen section (FS) is, therefore, an important modality for the diagnosis of ovarian masses. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to study step-by-step approach along with diagnostic utility and accuracy of intraoperative FS in diagnosis of ovarian masses. Materials and Methods: Retrospective comparative analysis was done to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FS as compared to routine histopathology in the pathology department of a tertiary care hospital. Diagnostic categorization was done into benign, borderline, and malignant. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of FS technique were calculated. Results: Out of 51 cases, FS analysis yielded accurate diagnosis in 94.1% of ovarian masses. Intraoperative FS had a sensitivity of 94.7%, specificity of 96.9%, 3.1% false-positive rate, and 5.3% false-negative rate in malignant tumors. In benign lesions, FS had 91.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity. FS had 75% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity in cases of borderline tumors. Conclusion: FS is a fairly accurate technique for intraoperative evaluation of ovarian masses. It can help in deciding the extent of surgery. It distinguishes benign and malignant tumors in most cases with high sensitivity and specificity. A methodical approach is useful in determining accurate diagnosis on FS diagnosis.

scholarly journals Analysis of DNA Aneuploidy and c-myc Oncoprotein Content of Canine Plasma Cell Tumors Using Flow Cytometry

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Frazier ◽  
M. E. Hines ◽  
A. I. Hurvitz ◽  
P. G. Robinson ◽  
A. J. Herron
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Malignant Plasma Cell ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Canine Plasma

To derive a method for determining malignant potential of plasma cell tumors, a retrospective analysis of the DNA ploidy and relative p62c-myc oncoprotein content using bivariate flow cytometry was performed on 23 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 23 dogs. The samples included one tissue each from 17 males and six females 2 to 16 years of age (mean = 7.5 years). Twelve breeds were represented, including three Cocker Spaniels, three Golden Retrievers, and five of mixed breed. Ten of the samples were histologically classified as malignant-plasma cell tumors, and ten specimens were classified as benign. Three samples of plasmacytic inflammation, from two Cocker Spaniels and one Shih Tsu, were included as controls. The ploidy and relative c-myc content data obtained were compared with the histologic grade. A significant difference in ploidy was found between benign and malignant tumors (P ≤ 0.05). Five of nine malignant plasma cell tumors were aneuploid; the remainder were diploid (4/9) or tetraploid (1/9). Only one of the benign plasmacytomas was aneuploid (1/10), whereas six were diploid (6/10), and three were tetraploid (3/10). All of the controls were diploid (3/32). When relative amounts of p62c-myc from malignant and benign tumors were compared by flow cytometry, a greater significant difference was established (P ≤ 0.01) than by using aneuploidy alone. Relative values of p62c-myc content ranged from 219 to 553 units in 8/10 malignant plasma cell tumors and from 86 to 392 units in 3/10 benign plasmacytomas. The remainder of the neoplasms (2/10 malignant and 7/10 benign) lacked measurable values of p62c-myc above background fluorescence concentrations. Two atypical cutaneous plasmacytomas with later metastasis were included in the study. The results indicate that simultaneous analysis of ploidy and relative p62c-myc concentration can be used as an aid in assessment of malignant potential in canine plasma cell tumors.

scholarly journals Role of Intraoperative Scrape Cytology in Diagnosis of Palpable Breast Lump

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Shahe Systa Mosarrat ◽  
Md Zillur Rahman ◽  
M Shahab Uddin Ahamad ◽  
Pradip Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sayeeda Nasreen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Lump ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scrape Cytology

Background: Diseases of the breast constitute a significant proportion of surgical cases and frequently, the need arises to distinguish benign from malignant lesions prior to definitive treatment. So far, Frozen Section (FS) is the standard technique with high level of validity. However, intraoperative scrape cytology can be adopted when special facilities of FS are not available. Methods: This study designed with the aim to evaluate the value of Intraoperative Scrape Cytology (IOSC) in providing rapid and accurate diagnosis for breast lump and to compare its diagnostic yield with that of paraffin sections. This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College in collaboration with Department of Surgery of this institution from October 2013 to September 2014. The study conducted on 123 patients with breast lumps who underwent operative treatment. Scrapings were taken from each specimen before formalin fixation and stained by rapid Papanicolaou staining. In each case their accuracy was compared to histopathological diagnosis. Statistical analysis done employing c2 test. Results: Out of 123 cases studied, 122 could be correctly differentiated into benign and malignant tumors with an accuracy rate of 99.19%. Conclusion: Intraoperative Scrape Cytology (IOSC) is a simple, accurate, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tool, not requiring specific instruments in contrast to frozen section, can be used peroperatively for both diagnosis and management of breast lump. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.17 (2); Jul 2018; Page 26-30

Accuracy of Frozen Section Diagnosis of the Salivary Gland

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Gnepp ◽  
Willa Rae Rader ◽  
Stewart F. Cramer ◽  
Linda L. Cook ◽  
James Sciubba
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Acinic Cell ◽  
Frozen Section Examination ◽  
Permanent Section ◽  
Frozen Section Diagnosis

Three hundred and one salivary gland lesions (162 benign, 72 malignant, and 67 benign non-neoplastic) of 677 cases were evaluated by use of intraoperative frozen sections by 66 pathologists. In seven patients, the diagnosis was deferred for permanent sections. In four cases (1.3%), the diagnosis at permanent section changed from one category of benign tumor to another, and in five cases (1.7%), from one category of malignant tumor to another. In four tumors, a frozen section diagnosis of benign was changed to malignant on permanent sectioning; all four involved acinic cell carcinomas. Only two tumors were incorrectly diagnosed as malignant. We conclude that diagnoses of most salivary gland lesions based on frozen section examination are reliable and accurate. However, the literature does indicate that caution should be exercised when malignant tumors are dealt with.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical and molecular expression of laminin-332 gamma-2 chain in canine mammary tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
D.A.P.C Zuccari ◽  
R Castro ◽  
B.V Jardim ◽  
U.M Mancini ◽  
G.M Polachini
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Mammary Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
Molecular Expression ◽  
Laminin 332

Forty-eight cases of canine mammary cancer were investigated to evaluate the immunohistochemical distribution of the γ2 chain of laminin-332. Tumor cells were compared to a pool of normal mammary tissues using quantitative RT-PCR. The western blot was performed in eight tumor samples as complementary test to evaluate protein integrity. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed negative, focal, and weak expression of laminin-332 γ2 in tumors with the worst prognosis. Quantitative PCR revealed downregulation of the gene in 27 (56.2%) of the animals. Out of the 16 dogs with γ2 chain overexpression, seven were still alive. The western blot results showed bands generation of 36, 50, and 98kDa, suggesting degradation of laminin-332 γ2 in malignant tumors. The results suggest that, in the future, low expression and/or degradation of laminin-332 γ2 chain in canine mammary tumors may be used as an indicator of malignant potential. However, further studies are necessary to corroborate these results

Diagnostic Discordance in Intraoperative Frozen Section Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors: A Literature Review and Analysis of 871 Cases Treated at a Japanese Cancer Center

2020 ◽  
pp. 106689692096051
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yoshida ◽  
Hiroki Tanaka ◽  
Takafumi Tsukada ◽  
Naoko Abeto ◽  
Mayumi Kobayashi-Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Borderline Tumor ◽  
Mucinous Tumor ◽  
Ovarian Metastases ◽  
Frozen Section Diagnosis

Background This study examined the accuracy and pitfalls associated with frozen section diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors and ovarian metastases based on the 2014 World Health Organization classification (WHO) criteria and proposed improvements from a pathologist’s perspective. Methods We microscopically reviewed 871 cases of primary ovarian tumor (N = 802) and ovarian metastasis (N = 69) and compared the results of frozen sections with the final diagnosis. Malignant potential concordance (benign, borderline, or malignant) and specific discordant diagnosis rates were analyzed. Finally, we conducted a unique literature review of specific diagnostic errors in the frozen section diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors. Results Of 802 primary ovarian tumors, 50 (6.2%) cases showed discordant diagnoses in which mucinous carcinoma (40.5%), low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC; 31.3%), and mucinous borderline tumor (18.4%) were frequently misinterpreted. Of 69 ovarian metastases, all 4 cases of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) were misdiagnosed as primary ovarian mucinous tumor. A literature review revealed that mucinous/serous borderline tumor or carcinoma accounted for approximately 70% of 217 reported discordant diagnoses. Conclusion In the present study, the concordance rate of malignant potential of the tumor was comparable to that previously reported. Even in the 2014 WHO classification, primary ovarian mucinous borderline tumor/carcinoma and LGSC still comprised the majority of discordant cases. Grossing methods that reduce sampling error are required. LAMN was frequently misinterpreted as a benign or borderline ovarian mucinous tumor. To prevent this error, a differential algorithm integrating clinical information and gross findings should be developed.

scholarly journals Fibrous Pseudotumor of Tunica Albuginea Testis Mimicking Testicular Neoplasm in a Young Man

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Nazim ◽  
Ayesha Nusrat ◽  
Zehra Kazmi
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Section ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Testicular Neoplasm ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Lower Pole ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
History Of

Intrascrotal lesions are common findings with a majority occurring in paratesticular tissue. Fibrous pseudotumors are rare, benign lesions of the testicular tunics and present with mass lesion(s) in the scrotum. Preoperative clinical and radiological diagnosis is challenging. We report a case of a 34-year-old man who presented with a 3-year history of left testicular swelling and was advised left radical orchidectomy by another surgeon. Physical examination revealed a firm, nontender mass attached to the lower pole of the testis. Testicular tumor markers were all negative, and ultrasound scan showed a relatively hypoechoic lesion closely associated with the left testis and suspicious for neoplastic process. The patient underwent a testicular sparing surgery. An intraoperative frozen section biopsy confirmed the lesion to be benign and this was reported on permanent section to be fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica albuginea. We also present the clinical, sonographic, and histopathological findings of this condition along with the literature review.

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