Overexpression of circACTR2 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Predicts Intrauterine Death, Fetal Malformation, and Intrauterine Infection

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most frequently encountered endocrine disorder in pregnancy and is associated with adverse outcomes if remain undiagnosed or untreated. This study was done to compare the maternal and perinatal outcome of pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) with that of gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods: This observational analytical study with group comparison was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka from July 2015 to June 2016. This study was conducted on two groups of pregnant women: group A (PGDM) and group B (GDM). A total of 100 cases were selected and in each group 50 pregnant women were enrolled. Singleton pregnancy and age 18 to 45 years were included. Pregnancy with hypertension, heart disease, renal disease and other metabolic disorders were excluded. Results: In this study mean gestational age of the study subjects were 35.72 ± 2.61 weeks and 36.58 ± 2.34 weeks in PGDM and GDM groups. History of GDM [34.0% vs 16.0%], intrauterine death (IUD) [14.0% vs 2.0%] and abortion [22.0% vas 6.0%] were significantly higher among PGDM patients than GDM patients. Regarding present pregnancy complications, polyhydramnios [32.0% vs 14.0%], preterm delivery [38.0% vs 20.0%], vulvovaginitis [28.0% vs 12.0%] and premature rupture of membrane (PROM) [24.0% vs 8.0%] were significantly higher in PGDM than GDM patients. Wound infection was significantly high in PGDM groups [35.7% vs 11.1%] among the patients delivered by lower uterine Cesarean section (LUCS). Regarding perinatal complications, hypoglycemia [22.0% vs 8.0%], birth asphyxia [24.0% vs 8.0%], RDS [24.0% vs 8.0%] were significantly higher among PGDM comparing GDM patients. Conclusion: The maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregestational diabetes mellitus were less favorable than those of gestational diabetes mellitus. Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 127-132

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Maternal and foetal outcome in patients of gestational diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183803 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3831

Author(s):

Priyanka Priyanka

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

White Women ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Intrauterine Death ◽

Indian Women ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Nicu Admission

Background: Indian women have high Prevalence of diabetes and their relative risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is 11.3 times compared to white women. The metabolic adaptations during pregnancy are designed to maintain a continuous availability of substrate to accommodate the fetal growth. Aims of present study were the antenatal screening of Gestational diabetes mellitus and its pregnancy outcome.Methods: The present study is a type of prospective study in this study 6000 pregnant women were randomly selected for screening irrespective of gestational age and any of the risk factor. All consenting pregnant, who came for first absolute neutrophil count in outpatient department, pregnant women of any parity, and singleton pregnancies were included.Results: Out of 6000 women screened 200 were found positive for GDM. The study indicated that GDM was 3.33%. The incidence of GDM was found to be more in women > 25 years age. Fetal outcome was satisfactory in well controlled GDM, only 7 babies were macrosomic, 13 intrauterine death and 5 still birth, 10 babies required NICU admission for hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, septicemia.Conclusions: Fetal outcome was satisfactory in well controlled GDM. There was no neonatal mortality. Hence, GDM and its complications are preventable.

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v9i2.38154 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 81-86

Author(s):

Salma Chowdhury ◽

Tanvirul Hasan ◽

Mir Moyeedul Islam ◽

Susmita Nargis ◽

ABM Moniruddin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Intrauterine Death ◽

Fetal Health ◽

Uterine Growth ◽

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (i.e., Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or GDM) has definite impact on maternal & fetal health. A woman is diagnosed with gestational diabetes specially when glucose intolerance continues beyond 24-28 weeks of gestation GDM needs to be specially considered, because it may often remain undiagnosed leading to abortion, miscarriage, fetal obesity, intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR), intrauterine death (IUD) of fetus in addition to maternal morbidities & mortalities. Here we have reviewed in brief about the causes, pathophysiology, complications, risks, diagnosis, management, prevention etc. of GDM.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 81-86

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Gross Features of Human Placentae in Normal and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/216 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 1008-1013

Author(s):

Molly A. J ◽

Usha Devi K.B.

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Past History ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Group ◽

Fetal Membrane ◽

Intrauterine Death ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Placenta is a multifunctional fetomaternal organ that plays an important role during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is reflected on placenta both macroscopically and microscopically as enlargement of placenta, abnormalities in villi and degenerative changes. METHODS This is a cross sectional study conducted among two groups, normal group and GDM group, to compare the gross features of GDM placentae in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. RESULTS The study was conducted on 65 normal and 65 GDM placentae. There was an increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the age group > 25 years with a mean age of 26.38 ± 3.84 years. Multiparous women have been found to be more prone to gestational diabetes mellitus. Past history of abortions and intrauterine death (IUD) was more in GDM group as compared to normal group. Incidence of lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) was also more in GDM group. Weight, diameter and number of maternal cotyledons of placentae were significantly increased in GDM. The predominant shape of placenta in both groups was round, next to that was oval. Only 3 placentae showed irregular shape and that was from GDM group. Most common type of attachment of umbilical cord was eccentric in both groups. Next to that was central and marginal respectively. Only one placenta was furcate and that belonged to GDM group. Fetal membrane was translucent in all normal and GDM placentae. Mean birth weight of the baby of GDM mothers was significantly increased. Mean fetoplacental weight ratio was significantly decreased in GDM group as compared to normal group. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, GDM placentae showed significant changes in gross features. Meticulous gross examination of a placenta prior to histologic sectioning enhances microscopic interpretation. By increasing our understanding of the placenta, it may be possible to prevent and treat placental abnormalities related to GDM, thus ensuring lifelong health of the child and the mother. Hence, the present work would provide vital information to both obstetricians and neonatologists. KEY WORDS Placenta, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Morphology of Placenta

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A prospective study on gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184950 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 4972

Author(s):

Poovathi M. ◽

S. Gayathri Devi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Intrauterine Death ◽

Maternal Complications ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Fetal Complications

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance identified for the first-time during pregnancy. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder among pregnant woman with rising incidence in recent years. Various risk factors are associated with this disorder leading to maternal and neonatal mortality. About 5% of the pregnancies are complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that one in six live birth (16.8%) are to women with some form of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM in present study is 4.326%. Not only obesity but also overweight women have greatly increased risk of developing gestational diabetes.Methods: This includes study all cases of gestational diabetes mellitus admitted in the Department of Obstetrics, Government Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital attached to K.A.P.V medical college, Trichy. This study has been conducted from January 2018 to June 2018.Fetal complications in infants born to diabetic mothers were studied. Maternal complications related to Gestational diabetes were also studied.Results: The total deliveries during this period were found to be 4085 of which 175 patients where diagnosed to have Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, thus the incidence accounts for 4.326%.The incidence in 20 to 25 years age group was around 67 which accounted for 37.3%. Most cases less than 20 years were found to be pregestational diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of GDM in present study is 4.326%. The maternal complications like vaginal infections accounted to 11.4%, gestational hypertension accounts to 14.3%, polyhydramnios to 17.1%. Regarding the fetal complications incidence of intrauterine death at term was around 8% and neonatal complications included hyperbiliribinemia 11.4%, hypoglycaemia, 6.7%, respiratory distress syndrome 5.75%.Conclusions: Gestational diabetes was associated with increased adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.

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