Assessment of Gut Bacteria Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Among Psychotropic Drug Users: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background: Antimicrobial resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of increasing number of cases of antibiotic resistance worldwide. So there is need of effective implementation of the treatment strategy to rationalize the antimicrobial use in the treatment of infectious disease. So the present study is aims to attempts to find the local antibiotic resistance, various microorganism responsible for infection using the antibiogram in the tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to check the Antibiotic resistance pattern based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria at Parul Sevasharam Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat. Total 150 patients were included in study, culture sensitivity test and bacterial identification was done as per the microbiology department standard guidelines. Patient’s data regarding to demographic details, culture sensitivity test results and prescribed antibiotics was collected for 6 months’ duration from October 2019 to March 2020. Results: Total 150 samples were collected throughout the study period of six months in the various departments in the hospital. The main finding of our study,greater resistance found in Ceftriaxone (78%), Meropenem (71%), Azithromycin (66%), linezolid (66%), Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (63%), Ciprofloxacin (56%) of patients in these antibiotics. Greater susceptibility was found in Clindamycin (75%), Amikacin (65%), Piperacilline+tazobactum (62%), Cefoperazone (48%), ciprofloxacin (44%) of the patients. During our study, 20 antibiotics were commonly prescribed out of which ceftriaxone was most commonly prescribed in our study and which was found to most resistant in patient population. The most common bacteria identified in our study was gram negative bacteria in that E. Coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and KlebseillaPneuminiae was most commonly isolated.Conclusion: This study shows that there is increasing cases of antibiotic resistance identified in the hospital. Ceftriaxone is found to be most resistant in our study. So there is need of effective treatment strategies and use of antibiogram to find out the local antibiotic resistance pattern and to develop antibiotic policy for the safe use of antibiotic which is helpful for to reduce the antibiotic resistance.

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A cross sectional study on antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella typhi clinical isolates from Bangladesh

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine ◽

10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c770 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 306-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Adnan Mannan ◽

Mohammad Shohel ◽

Sultana Rajia ◽

Niaz Uddin Mahmud ◽

Sanjana Kabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

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Evaluating Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and the Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens: A Cross Sectional Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Care ◽

10.18502/jpc.v7i3.2354 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehrdad Haghighi ◽

Hamid Kariman ◽

Mohammad Sistanizad

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Study Participants ◽

Possible Cause

Background: Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a worldwide concern. It has been suggested that diabetes could be a possible cause of antibiotic resistance. This study was undertaken to identify the responsible microbial culprits for UTI in patients with different range of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and evaluate their corresponding resistance pattern. Methods: In a cross-sectional study between 2013 to 2018, data related to the urine culture and sensitivity of patients who had bacteriuria were gathered. For patients with positive urine culture, HbA1C was requested and correlations between HbA1C level with microorganism and its susceptibility were evaluated. Results: In total, 121 patients were recruited. All study participants were female. The mean age of the patients was 50.2 ± 22.5 (range 19-96). All study participants were of the same race. Fifteen (12.4%) out of 121 patients were diabetics. There were no difference between bacteriology of UTIs in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with the preponderance being caused by E. coli and other gram-negative organisms but, there were positive association between HbA1C and resistance to Nalidixic acid and Gentamicin. Conclusion: Our study supports the findings that diabetes in itself could be a possible cause of antibiotic resistance to some antimicrobial agents. J Pharm Care 2019; 7(3): 70-74.

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HIV Prevalence and Frequency of Risk Behavior in Injecting Drug Users Entering Treatment and Out of Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Five Italian Cities

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204269402400312 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 527-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Giovanni Rezza ◽

Stefania Salmaso ◽

Damiano Abeni ◽

Giovanna Brancato ◽

Alessandra Anemona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Behavior ◽

Drug Users ◽

Injecting Drug Users ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Outreach Programs ◽

Male To Female

We conducted a study to describe current patterns of drug-related behaviors, and to identify characteristics that may distinguish injecting drug users entering treatment from those out of treatment, in five Italian cities. Overall, 1,180 subjects were recruited — 568 entering treatment and 612 out of treatment. Male to female ratio was 6.6:1. The median age was similar in the two groups. A high proportion of injecting drug users recruited out of treatment had been in treatment at least once. HIV prevalence among injecting drug users entering treatment was not higher than that of those who were out of treatment. Furthermore, a large proportion of injecting drug users who still were out of treatment reported having adopted safe behaviors. The results of the study emphasize the need to implement outreach programs aimed at harm reduction.

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Antibiotics stewardship in Ghana: a cross-sectional study of public knowledge, attitudes, and practices

10.21203/rs.2.19809/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tamara Jimah ◽

Ama P. Fenny ◽

Oladele Ogunseitan

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Inappropriate Medication ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Antibiotic Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Individual Knowledge ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a major contributing factor to global morbidity and mortality and is associated with inappropriate medication use. However, the level of antibiotic consumption and knowledge about antibiotic resistance in Ghana is inadequately quantified. Our study identifies strategies for improved stewardship of antibiotics to prevent the proliferation of resistant pathogens by assessing the level of antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and consumption behaviors by region, gender, age, and education in rural and urban Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 communities in the urban Greater Accra and rural Upper West regions of Ghana. A questionnaire survey was administered to 400 individuals aged 18 years and older in selected locations during September-October 2018 to gather data on individual knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the association between demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors. Results Over 30% (125/400) had not received a doctor’s prescription during their last illness. Seventy percent (278/400) had taken at least one antibiotic in the year prior to the survey. The top five frequently used antibiotics were Amoxicillin , Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid , Ampicillin , Ciprofloxacin , and Metronidazole . Women and older adults had higher knowledge compared to their respective counterparts (p<0.01). Furthermore, prudent antibiotic use was significantly more prevalent in women than men (p<0.05). Although no regional differences were found in overall knowledge, compared to urban residents, individuals residing in rural settings exhibited higher knowledge about the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for viruses like the cold and HIV/AIDS (p<0.001). Two hundred and fifty-two (63%) respondents were unaware of antibiotic resistance. There was generally a low level of self-efficacy among participants regarding their role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics. Conclusion Antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and use varied significantly across demographics, suggesting a context-specific approach to developing effective community interventions.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice study about antibiotics usage among medical undergraduates of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Haryana, India: an observational cross-sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 5001

Author(s):

Khajan Singh ◽

Brijesh Kumar ◽

Mahender Singh ◽

Preeti .

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Medical Students ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) has now become a global health problem. It has significantly increased the mortality and morbidity related to infectious diseases as well as the economic burden due to these infections. There is global consensus on development of new strategies for prevention of antibiotic abuse and hence decreasing the prevalence of ABR. Medical students should be given more education during their undergraduate training regarding antibiotic resistance and appropriate prescribing. Therefore, this study was planned to assess Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about antibiotics usage among medical undergraduates.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was done among 2nd year undergraduate medical students of NC Medical College and Hospital, Israna, Panipat. Data was collected through specifically developed structured questionnaire from 130 students. The data was entered in MS excel 2010 and statistical analysis was done using MS excel 2010 and IBM Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.0.Results: 93.07% (n=121) of the students were aware that antibiotic resistance has become an important and serious global public health issue. The attitude of the students about antibiotic use and resistance was found to be casual and negligent. 21.53% (n=28) of study participants believed that they should take antibiotics when they have cold to prevent from getting a serious illness. 38.46% (n=50) of students considered taking antibiotics whenever they had fever.Conclusions: This study provides useful information about the knowledge, attitudes and the practices of 2nd year undergraduate medical students about antibiotic resistance and usage.

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Public awareness regarding the use and resistance of antibiotics: A cross-sectional study among Nepalese adults in Kathmandu valley

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v6i3.19823 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

Satish Kumar Deo ◽

Sita Rijal ◽

Tulza K.C

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Study Finding ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Interview Method ◽

Drug Classes

Background: Antibiotics are considered to be among the most commonly sold drug classes globally. Antibiotic resistance is a recognized public health issue at the local, national and global levels.Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify awareness of general public regarding the use and resistance of antibiotics.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu in November 2016 using a quantitative questionnaire among 120 adult people aged 20–60 years. Convenience sampling method was used and information on use of antibiotics and resistance was obtained using semi-structured questionnaire through interview method. Descriptive statistics was done to describe the respondent’s level of awareness regarding use of antibiotics and resistance.Results: Among the total respondents, majority had incorrect awareness as regards to action, reasons for using antibiotics, possible side effects of the antibiotic. Seventy one percent of the respondents had not heard about antibiotic resistance. The study finding showed that about 66.7% of the participants had inadequate awareness towards use and resistance of antibiotics.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the overall awareness on antibiotic use and resistance is poorly understood among our respondents. This information can be utilized in future educational and antibiotic resistance awareness raising campaigns.

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