scholarly journals Identifying morphological diversity and superior germplasm of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Mandarin) in Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayas, India: an application of DIVA-GIS and cluster analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1575-1582
Author(s):  
Subhankar Gurung ◽  
Arun Chettri ◽  
Meera Tamang ◽  
Mamta Chettri
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The State ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Fruit Diameter ◽  
Darjeeling Himalayas

Citrus reticulata is an important cash crop for the farmers in the Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayas, India. The lack of knowledge of its diversity has only resulted in the lack of uniformity in the fruit quality. It has become imperative to identify superior varieties that meet the demands of the market to improve the citrus industry. Hence, a total of 105 accessions of mandarin were collected randomly from different locations to assess the morphological diversity using cluster analysis and DIVA-GIS. The orchards were randomly visited in each district of the state of Sikkim and two hilly districts of the state of West Bengal (WB). A sample tree was selected from each orchard and the quantitative and qualitative characters of its leaves, flowers, and fruits were measured. A significant variation was observed in the quantitative characters with a positive correlation between fruit weight and length, fruit diameter and weight, total soluble solids (TSS) /acidity and fruit diameter. The first 6 components of Principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited 69.34% of the total variation. DIVA-GIS showed the highest diversity index for fruit weight, fruit diameter and TSS/acidity in East district, Sikkim. The highest coefficient variation for fruit diameter was observed in the East district and Darjeeling district, WB and TSS/acidity and fruit weight in East district. The dendrogram generated divided the accessions into two major clusters. The grid maps generated identified diverse accessions in the East district and Darjeeling district, which can be a source of superior germplasm

scholarly journals Genetic variability in bulgarian melon collection - flowering types and fruit quantitative traits

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-558
Author(s):  
Zhana Ivanova ◽  
Nikolay Velkov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Cucumis melo L. is characterized with a great polymorphism according to many agronomical features. Study the variability of melon flowering and fruit traits is an initial step in the breeding program. The current study aimed to identify the genetic variability in the melon collection according to flowering and fruit traits in order to be used in breeding programs. It was evaluated fifty melon genotypes belong to different groups - cantalupensis, reticulatus, makuwa, inodorus, and agrestis. The studied collection consists of Bulgarian old cultivars, hybrids, landraces, PI, and introduced lines. Investigated genotypes were characterized by nine quantitative fruit traits - days to flowering, sex expression, days to ripening, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, fruit weight, seed cavity diameter, and total soluble solids. It was established great variability in studied characteristics measured by a coefficient of variation from 7.73 to 39.85%. Significant correlations between fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, cavity diameter, and fruit weight were established. Principal component analysis grouped variables into three components which explain 69.89% of the total variation. Cluster analysis divided genotypes into six groups of similarities. Among the genotypes examined, they have a relatively high level of variability and their polymorphism could be used in a breeding program aimed at combining valuable characters.

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN CHILLI PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND FRUIT TRAITS UNDER HOT CLIMATE OF UMERKOT, SINDH

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
A. Memon ◽  
R. Ahmad ◽  
M. S. Depar ◽  
A. K. Pathan ◽  
D. Ibrar
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Improvement Programs

Thirty-two genotypes of chilli from three different sources (local dandicuts, AVRDC and PGRI PARC) were evaluated for the presence of genetic divergence among them for different agro-economic traits i.e., plant height, stem girth, fruit length, fruit girth, number of fruits per plant, number of seed per fruit, fresh fruit weight and dry fruit weight at Arid Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Umerkot, Sindh during 2018. All these genotypes were found to be significantly different from each other for all the studied traits. For further diversity analysis, multivariate analyses like principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis were also performed to figure out the traits responsible for maximum variability and grouping of genotypes according to their similarities and differences for their future utilization in chilli breeding programs. PCA analysis showed that first four PCs exhibited 82.79% of the total variability among these 32 chilli genotypes. Cluster analysis showed four different sub-clusters and the genotypes from every single source merge in each sub-cluster, thus showing that chilli genotypes are from different geographical backgrounds. Based on these results, the chilli genotypes can be further utilized in future chilli improvement programs in Pakistan.  Genotypes AZRI-DS-14, AZRI-DS-01 and AVPP-9804 showed better performance.

scholarly journals 33 Aplicação da análise exploratória de dados na discriminação geográfica do quiabo do Rio Grande do Norte e Pernambuco

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Francisco Dos Santos Panero ◽  
Maria de Fátima Pereira Vieira ◽  
Ângela Maria Paiva Cruz ◽  
Maria de Fátima Vitória De Moura ◽  
Henrique Eduardo Bezerra Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Treatment ◽  
Different Origins

Samples of okra from Caruaru and Vitória of Santo Antão, in the State of Pernambuco, and Ceará-Mirim, Macaíba and Extremoz in the State of Rio Grande do Norte have been analysed. Two different methods were applied in the data treatment allowing to geographically discriminate samples from different origins: Principal Component Analysis - PCA and Hierarquical Cluster Analysis - HCA.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics of pomegranate accessions from the Kurdistan region, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Saadatian Mohammad ◽  
Paiza Abdurahman ◽  
Kanar Salim ◽  
Pershang Younis ◽  
Hewen Abdurahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Some physico-chemical properties of ten pomegranate accessions collected from different districts in the Kurdistan region of Iraq were investigated in this paper. Considerable correlations between the characteristics studied were found and valuable pomological traits were observed. Cluster analysis showed the homonyms between some pomegranate accessions. Principle component analysis reported that the component describing the greatest variability also positively correlated with fruit weight, total aril weight, total peel weight, volume of juice, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit length, fruit diameter, pH, aril length, and 100-seed fresh weight, but negatively correlated with titratable acidity (TA). Fruit weight was firmly correlated with total aril weight, total peel weight, volume of juice, TSS, aril length, 100-seed fresh weight, fruit length and fruit diameter. The volume of juice was correlated with TSS, aril length, 100-seed fresh weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and it was observed that with an increase in the fruit size, the volume of juice increased as well. The correlation between total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity was not observed. The associations found among physical and chemical traits suggest that consumers should use large fruits with large arils so that they have more juice. Thus, ?Choman?, ?Raniyeh? and ?Halabja? were juicier than other accessions.

scholarly journals Growth and Comprehensive Quality Index of Tomato under Rain Shelters in Response to Different Irrigation and Drainage Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-cheng Shao ◽  
Ming-hui Wang ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Min Yuan ◽  
Prem Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Soil Desiccation ◽  
Underground Pipe

The effects of two levels of irrigation water (100%, 60%) and buried underground pipe depths (0.8 m, 0.6 m) under rain shelters’ conditions on yield and some quality parameters of tomato were investigated. A fully randomized factorial experiment was conducted between April and August in 2011 and 2012 at Hohai University. It was found that drainage treatments enhanced biomass production, whereas soil desiccation led to biomass reduction. At 60 cm buried underground pipe depths, the drought treatments increased the mean root weight and root-shoot ratio by 14% and 39%, respectively. The main effects of drainage treatments on the fruit quality were increases in total soluble solids (TSS), soluble sugar (SS), and vitamin C (VC) compared to the control. In addition, drainage treatments increased the average yield by 13% and 9%, respectively, in both years. The drought treatments did not significantly alter fruit yield, although mean single fruit weight was slightly reduced. Instead, these treatments tend to have great potential to improve fruit quality (TSS, SS, and VC) to variable extents. In both years, the drought treatment at 60 cm buried underground pipe depths proved to possess the highest comprehensive quality index based on Principal Component Analysis.

DIVA-GIS based insight into geographical distribution and diversity spectrum of Indian sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) accessions suitable for diversified applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Maruthi ◽  
A. A. Kumar ◽  
S. B. Choudhary ◽  
H. K. Sharma ◽  
Jiban Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
North West ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Commercial prospects of sunnhemp inspired present study to understand geographical distribution pattern(s) and to scale agro-morphological diversity spectrum of forty-four sunnhemp accessions naturalized across diverse habitats of India. Field experiment revealed broad spectrum diversity for all the 11 agro-morphological traits. Wider range of plant height (110.50 to 173.17 cm), number of pods per plant (35.33 to 143.00), seeds per pod (6.33-15.17g) and seed yield per plant (8.27-29.43g) highlighted the adequacy of present genetic resources to improve sunnhemp for diversified applications. Principal component analysis of the agro-morphological characters identified the first PC with 1109.6 eigen value explaining 61.70% of total variation followed by PC-II (22.9%) and PC-III (11.1%). In PC-I significant contribution was made by traits like NLP, NPP and PH. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis grouped all accessions into four distinct seed producing clusters irrespective of their origin. Cluster wise mean values suggested that cluster-II is the best with outstanding trait values for majority of traits. DIVA-GIS based analysis identified accessions from Rajasthan, Western Gujarat and Jharkhand with high diversity index for number of leaves/plant. But, accessions from North West Jharkhand and Maharashtra with highest diversity index for seed yield/plant.

scholarly journals Potassium nutrition as a strategy to mitigate salt stress in melon grown under protected cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3219-3234
Author(s):  
Giordanio Bruno Silva Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Francisco de Assis de Oliveira ◽  
Sandy Thomaz dos Santos ◽  
Mychelle Karla Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The use of saline water is one of the major challenges of agriculture, as it can cause nutritional imbalances and thus reduce crop yield. This study proposes to examine the efficiency of potassium nutrition as a salt stress-mitigating agent in melon grown in a protected environment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with ten treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement represented by two melon cultivars (McLaren and SV1044MF) and four nutrient solutions (S1 - standard nutrient solution, 2.5 dS m-1; S2 - nutrient solution salinized with NaCl, 5.0 dS m-1; S3 - nutrient solution salinized with NaCl + 50% K, 6.5 dS m-1; and S4 - nutrient solution salinized with NaCl + 100% K, 7.5 dS m-1). Yield (average fruit weight, production, fruit diameter, internal cavity, and pulp thickness), quality (pulp firmness, total sugars, soluble solids [SS], vitamin C, pH, titratable acidity [TA] and SS/TA ratio) and nutritional (K, Na and K/Na ratio) variables were evaluated. Plants fertigated with standard nutrient solution showed the highest values for fruit weight (1,190.6 g), production (2,381.3 g per plant), fruit diameter (13.6 cm) and pulp thickness (2.6 cm). Cultivar McLaren produced heavier fruits (931.4 g) with larger diameter (12.4 cm) and pulp thickness (2.4 cm). The addition of NaCl to nutrient solution induced a reduction in the yield variables but did not influence fruit quality. The addition of extra K to salinized nutrient solution did not mitigate the deleterious effect of salinity on the yield of melon.

scholarly journals 1025 THE EFFECT OF METHANOL ON ORANGE FRUIT QUALITY

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 575c-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz K. Wutscher
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Juice Content ◽  
Fruit Diameter ◽  
Spray Applications

Seven-year-old `Hamlin' orange on Swingle citrumelo rootstock were sprayed with 30% methanol and 0.05% Silwet surfactant. There were four treatments: one spray application 48 days, two spray applications 48 and 32 days, and three spray applications 48, 32, and 20 days before harvest on December 2, 1993, with five untreated control trees. The treatments were arranged in five replications of randomized, complete blocks throughout the orchard. There were no significant differences in fruit weight, fruit diameter, rind color, rind thickness, juice content, soluble solids, total acids, solids/acids ratio, and juice color of 30 fruit samples collected from each tree. Leaf samples collected at harvest and analyzed for 12 elements showed higher Na and Cl levels in the leaves of the trees treated with methanol once than in those treated three times.

scholarly journals Genetic and Heritability Estimation of Water Apple (Syzygiumaqueum (Burm.f.) Alston)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Fitriana Nasution ◽  
Sri Hadiati
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Genotypic Variance ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Heritability Estimation ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Nine different accessions of water apples were evaluated at Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute(ITFRI), Solok, West Sumatera from January 2013 to December 2014. This present study was aimed to evaluate the variability, heritability, genetic advance and its characters in nine different accessions to provide useful information in the improvement program of water apples. The research used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications. The ANOVA results exposed significant differences at 5% probability level for all characters. Genotypic variance on fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, leaf length were broad. However, the genotypic variance on total soluble solids, leaf width were narrow. The phenotypic variation for all characters was broad. The heritability estimation was categorized as low, moderate, and high. High heritability estimation was recorded for fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, and leaf diameter. Moderate heritability estimation was noticed for total soluble solids. Leaf width had low heritability estimation. High heritability and high genetic advance were observed on fruit weight.

scholarly journals Tree Physiology, Fruit Growth and Nutrient Elements of Wax Apple (Syzygium Samarangense) as Affected by Branch Bending Angle

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-221
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Khandaker ◽  
Nurul H. Ismail ◽  
Umar A. Abdullahi ◽  
Md. A. Alam ◽  
Noor A. Badaluddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Fruit Diameter

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of branch bending angle on the plant physiological characteristics, mineral nutrients accumulation and fruit quality of wax apple. Different treatments with five replicates each by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) layouts were arranged in this study. All the treatments represent different branch angles which were at 5˚ (control), 20˚, 45˚, 65˚ and 85˚ from vertical axis. Leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD chlorophyll index) was significantly affected by different bending treatments at a budding stage, flowering, fruit development and after harvesting of wax apple. Total soluble solids (TSS) content in the leaves of bent branches increased significantly at before bud development, flowering, fruit ripening and after harvesting stages of wax apple trees. During fruit development and maturation stages, leaf TSS content was decreased in all bent branches. The results showed that 20˚ to 65˚ angle bent branches increase weight and firmness of fruit, fruit diameter and produced dark-coloured fruit compared to control. The results showed that 65˚ bent branches give the highest potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+) content in the fruits. Higher sodium (Na+), iron (Fe2+) and calcium (Ca2+) content in fruits were found in 20˚ bent branches.  There was a positive correlation between fruit TSS with Mg2+ (r = 0.70), with Na+ (r = 0.67) and with Ca2+ (0.57) content in the bent branches of wax apple. Fruit TSS content also positively correlated with firmness and peel colour of wax apple fruits. The number of fruit, fruit weight and fruit diameter of wax apple also positively correlated (weak) with leaves TSS content. It can be concluded that 20˚ to 65˚ branch bending angle are promising for enhancing plant physiology, fruit growth and quality of wax apple fruits.

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