scholarly journals China’s trade in climate smart goods: an analysis of trends and trading patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonmoy Chowdhury ◽  
A K M Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Trade Openness ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Trading Patterns ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trade And Investment

Trade and investment have positive effects on economic growth and development, especially for developing countries, where trade openness could play a crucial role to eliminate poverty. But in the same way trade and investment can also harm the environment by producing GHG, pollutions and other environmental negative externalities. Since economic development, trade and environment are elaborately interconnected, it is indispensable to amalgamate environmentally affiliated issues on the development agenda. With expansion of economic activities and trade on the one hand and consequent threats to the environment on the other, the question of environment-friendly trade has emerged as a serious policy agenda in recent years. In that context, trade in climate smart goods (CSGs) is assumed to play a significant role in promoting sustainable development pathway. Given that China’s global trade is expanding at an unprecedented scale, the present paper is designed to analyze the trends and trading patterns of China’s trade in CSGs with the rest of the world. Based on the collected data covering the period of 1992 to 2016 from UN Comtrade, the analyses indicate that total trade in CSGs by China has been increasing, but its share in total trade volume is still very low. It is understood that China’s exports and imports of CSGs are dominated by a few products, namely photosensitive semiconductor devices (854,140), static converters (850,440), articles of plastic and arts of other material (392,690), photovoltaic system controller (853,710), discharge lamps, fluorescent (853,931), parts of electric motors, generators, generating sets and rotary converters (850,300), machine and mechanical appliance (847,989), other lead-acid accumulators (850,720), prism, mirrors and other optical elements unmounted (900,190), cooking appliances and plate warmers (732,111), gears and gearing, other than toothed wheels (848,340), other machinery, plant and equipment (841,989), filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for gases (842,139), etc. While the major trading partners of China for CSGs are the USA, Japan, India, Malaysia, Germany, Korea Republic, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Russia, Brazil, Australia, Pakistan, Israel, among others.

scholarly journals Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Canada: An Evidence from Time-Series Tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarlok Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Consistent Support

This study examines the effects of international trade and investment on output and tests the null hypothesis of Granger non-causality among trade, investment and economic growth in Canada. The long-run model is estimated using several single-equation and system estimators to assess the robustness of results across methodologies. The single-equation, OLSEG, GMM, DOLS, NLLS and FMOLS, estimates of the model provide consistent support for the positive and significant long-run effects of exports and investment on output. The ML system estimates cross-validate the cointegrating relationship and reinforce the positive effects of exports and investment and the negative effects of imports on output. The over-parameterized level-VAR estimates suggest unidirectional Granger-causality from exports, imports and investment each to output. The estimates of the model with structural breaks support the long-run relationship, though the evidence is not unambiguous ubiquitously across all the tests. The evidence supporting the positive and significant long-run effects overwhelms the evidence providing weak or no support for the effects of trade on output. The results underline the need for the acceleration of exports (and investment) to offset the demand-reducing effects of imports and escalate the altitudes of output and economic growth.

scholarly journals TRADE DEFICIT IN NEPAL: A REVIEW ON CURRENT TRADE DEFICIT, CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Dikshya Mahat ◽  
Lenin Shumsher Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Usa

With globalization, world trade has been growing at a rapid pace. In most developing countries like Nepal, the problem of trade deficit has always been a part of the concern. The objective of this paper is to articulate the historical trend of the trade deficit in Nepal, the major imports and exports, the causes of the trade deficit, and some recommendations to solve the trade deficit. Nepal expanded its trade relationship after becoming a member of WTO on 23rd April 2004. Nepal mainly exports readymade garments, pashmina products, leather products, pulses, handicrafts, spices, medicinal herbs. The main imports are cereals, vehicles, pharmaceuticals, Mineral fuels, oils, iron & steel, plastics, gems, machinery. Major trading partners of Nepal are India, China, the USA, UAE, Canada, Indonesia, Argentina, France, Malaysia, and Ukraine. In the fiscal year 2019/20, imports decreased by 15.63%, and export increased by 0.62%. As a result, the total trade deficit decreased by 16.83%. Landlockedness, higher production cost, political instability, devaluation of currency are the factors impeding Nepal from coming out from the labyrinth of trade deficit. Fortification of the agricultural sector, focus on hydropower, improvement of infrastructures, modified trade policy, prioritization on export potential goods can solve the trade deficit. The country should strive towards specialization, strengthening the rural economy, gaining economies of scale, exploiting entrepreneurial and management skills of the labor force.

STUDY OF CAMEL RATING SYSTEM IN BANKING SUPERVISION- A CASE STUDY OF NEPAL BANGLADESH BANK LTD

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-96
Author(s):  
Dr. S.U. Gawde ◽  
Prof.. Alekha Chandra Panda ◽  
Prof. Devyani Ingale
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Financial Soundness ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Asset Quality

The banking sector  plays in important role in the country’s economy, acting as an intermediary to all industries. As the banking sector has a major impact on the economy as a whole. Performance evaluation of the banking sector is an effective measure and indicator to check the soundness of economic activities of an economy. Many methods are employed to analyse banking performance. One of the popular methods is the CAMELS framework, developed in the early 1970’s by federal regulators in the USA. The CAMELS rating system is based upon an evaluation of six critical elements of a financial institution’s operations: Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management soundness, Earnings and profitability, Liquidity, and Sensitivity to market risk. Under this bank is required to enhance capital adequacy, strengthen asset quality, improve management, increase earnings, maintain liquidity, and reduce sensitivity to various financial risks. In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate the performance & financial soundness of NEPAL BANGLADESH BANK LTD using CAMEL approach. Quantitative parameters are computed and updated on a quarterly basis while in respect of the qualitative parameters the ratings / marks given at the time of previous on-site examination

scholarly journals The Wetland Contract as a Tool for Successful Wetland Governance: A Case Study of Ljubljansko Barje Nature Park, Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Katarina Polajnar Horvat ◽  
Ales Smrekar
Keyword(s):  
Wetland Management ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Ljubljansko Barje

Our research focuses on implementing multilevel governance of wetlands to achieve an effective participatory process and its overall positive effects on wetland ecosystems and their protection as well as on local sustainable development. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for establishing the Wetland Contract, a voluntary agreement to foster sustainable management and development of wetlands, to ensure greater coordination and consensus building between various stakeholders involved in management and to limit conflicts between preservation issues and economic activities in wetlands. The Wetland Contract and the integration process for establishing it in Ljubljansko barje Nature Park proved itself able to overcome conflicts between institutional and legal jurisdiction and is showing itself to be a dynamic path capable of activating a desirable relationship between various interests and supporting new forms of multi-sectoral stakeholder participation in wetland management. It has also contributed to a dialogue and shared responsibility among stakeholders.

Tra Sicilia e America: gli "scappati" di Cosa Nostra

2009 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Alessandra Dino
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Critical Position ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Territorial Control ◽  
Cosa Nostra ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Control

Territorial control is one of the most important elements for the survival of the mafia. It is an obligated path to be able to obtain and control economic activities and to penetrate into all profitable sectors. Without territorial control it is impossible to control voters and without it all relationships with politics wither and die. It is within the territory where the imposition of "pizzo" (protection money) and extortion are planned against businesses and firms. This impending presence is also the cause in which citizens and families find themselves submitted to violence, the abuse of power and, if not only, to a limitation to their sphere of action. Telling the story about the scappati is to explain how, by their use of violence, Cosa Nostra has taken away from the State its lawful supremacy over large parts of the national territory. They planned the removal or deportation, under the threat of death, of entire families connected to the mafia. This story began in 1980 and is yet to be finished. The scappati migrated to the usa during the second mafia war and today they would like to come back to Palermo. However, not all agree with this possibility. The Sicilian mafia is in a critical position and if these refugees return it could produce a drastic and unexpected change in its leadership. Reading the pizzini (small notes of mafia members), analysing these sources, reconstructing scenarios makes it is easy to image what could happen if they returned: a new bloody conflict among mafia families.Key words: Cosa Nostra, territorial control, transnational crime, maxi-trial, mafia wars, the scappati.Parole chiave: Cosa nostra, controllo del territorio, crimine transnazionale, maxiprocesso, guerre di mafia, scappati.

scholarly journals 28 Months Later: How Inflation Targeters Outperformed Their Peers in the Great Recession

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irineu E de Carvalho Filho
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Current Account Balance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Twenty-eight months after the onset of the global financial crisis of August 2008, the evidence on post-crisis GDP growth emerging from a sample of 51 advanced and emerging countries is flattering for inflation targeting countries relative to their peers. The positive effect of IT is not explained away by plausible pre-crisis determinants of post-crisis performance, such as growth in private credit, ratios of short-term debt to GDP, reserves to short-term debt and reserves to GDP, capital account restrictions, total capital inflows, trade openness, current account balance and exchange rate flexibility, or post-crisis drivers such as the growth performance of trading partners and changes in terms of trade. We find that inflation targeting countries lowered nominal and real interest rates more sharply than other countries; were less likely to face deflation scares; and had sharp real depreciations without a relative deterioration in their risk assessment by markets. While the task of establishing causal relationships from cross-sectional macroeconomics series is daunting, our reading of this evidence is consistent with the resilience of IT countries being related to their ability to loosen their monetary policy when most needed, thereby avoiding deflation scares and the zero lower bound on interest rates.

scholarly journals Agglomeration Externalities and Sectoral Employment Growth in Cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ayse Saime Doner
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Regional Employment ◽  
Agglomeration Externalities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
The Impact

Firms benefit some external effects resulting from the concentration of economic activities in certain regions. These effects called “agglomeration economies” or “agglomeration externalities” are mainly divided into three categories – MAR, Jacobs and Porter externalities –, and regarded as the determinant factors of regional economic development and growth. This study analyzes the impact of agglomeration externalities on employment growth using Turkish data of 43 sectors operating in 81 Turkish cities between years 2001 and 2007. OLS regression analyses are repeated for each sector. As far as the MAR externalities are concerned, their impact on employment growth is found negative in 23 sectors while Jacobs externalities have significant and positive effects only on 4 sectors, most of which are from service sectors. As for Porter externalities, they prove to have positive effect on the regional employment growth for 16 sectors. Moreover, urbanization externalities are found to affect the regional growth positively in 4 sectors and negatively in 1 sector. While the impact of the initial level of regional labor supply is found positive, the initial level of regional employment level has negative effect on employment growth. Finally, the share of high education level in cities is found to have almost no effect on regional growth.

scholarly journals Urbanizacija bosanskohercegovačkih prostora u vrijeme rimske uprave / The urbanisation of Bosnian and Herzegovinian areas under the Roman rule

2017 ◽  
pp. 56-77
Author(s):  
Mersiha Imamović ◽  
Bego Omerčević
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Banja Luka

After the conquest of the Bosnian and Herzegovinian territory, the Romans  launched numerous campaigns so this region and its population could be incorporated into the Roman life and Roman civilization of that period as quickly as possible. They believed that this is the only and the best way to make themselves the masters of this region. As part of their extensive activities, those that focused on systematic and full implementation of urbanization in the present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina were especially important. This long process encompassed the infrastructure construction, modelled on the Italic cities, villages, economic and other facilities. The first steps of the Roman authorities were to construct modern and high-quality roads, i.e. a powerful road network that would facilitate a faster and stronger connection between settlements and economic resources around present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. Publius Cornelius Dolabella, who served as an imperial governor of the province of Upper Illyria from 14 th  to 20  AD, had a special role in the implementation of this plan. The construction of the first roads began upon his initiative and under his strict supervision. He intended to establish a better connection between the regions of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina with the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. These first roads created good foundation for a complete urbanization of this area. th Along with the road construction, the Romans launched the activities that included new settlements, firstly along the Roman roads, then at the crossroads, and then in the regions had were rich in resources. Each settlement, in its appearance, dimensions and layout of facilities and its infrastructure, had to correspond to the Roman building standards. The first settlements were built along the roads. The most famous sites of urban settlements include: Grkovci and Pelva (Livno plateau), Halapići and Salvium (Glamoč plateau), Pecka (the Sana river valley), Baloie (Šipovo), Bjelajac (Mrkonjić Grad), Castra, Laktaši, Gornji Šeher (Banja Luka), Servitium (Bosanska Gradiška), Delminium (Duvno plateau), Varvara (Rama river valley), Ad Matricem (Gornji Vakuf), Bistue Nova (Bugojno), Višnjica (Kiseljak), Ilidža (Sarajevo plateau), Domavia and Skelani (central Podrinje), Blagaj, Maslovare and Bosanski Novi (the Sana and Japra rivers valley), Golubić (Bihać), Bigeste (Čapljina), Leusinium (Bileća), Diluntum (Stolac), Ad Drinum (Drinjača) as well as many others, but less known.  Urbanization had many positive effects in all aspects of work and life of local inhabitants from that period in the region of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. A road network was established, as well as numerous economic activities, lifestyle standard and social relations were raised to a significantly higher level, many settlements (cities and villages) and many cultural monuments were built.  

scholarly journals Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan An Empirical Analysis of PSLM (2004-05) Micro Data

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special Edition) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehak Ejaz
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Positive Effects

This paper seeks to identify the major determinants of female labor force participation in Pakistan, specifically with reference to rural and urban areas. Limited dependent variable techniques (Logit and Probit) are utilized to determine the factors affecting female labor force participation. This analysis uses data taken from the PSLM (Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2004-05) which measure individual and household characteristics of females between the ages of 15-49. Empirical results suggest that age, educational attainment and marital status have significant and positive effects on female labor force participation (FLFP). When women belong to the nuclear family and have access to vehicles, they are more likely are they to participate in economic activities, whereas a large number of children and the availability of home appliances reduces the probability of FLFP. The results imply that reducing the child care burden on females and facilitating educational attainment would lead to a higher labor force participation rate for females in Pakistan.

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