scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS EFFECT ON THE FORMATION OF FORESTS IN THE MOSCOW REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 90-115
Author(s):  
S.A. Korotkov ◽  
◽  
L.V. Stonozhenko ◽  
V.V. Kiseleva ◽  
Yu.B. Glazunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Stationary Objects ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Xix Century

Changes in forest management tasks in the Moscow region over 120 years from the end of the XIX century are considered. The analysis of forest exploitation from 1946 to 2018 is given. The principles of forest management have changed conceptually at least three times over the past 120 years. As a result of assigning all the forests of the Moscow region to protective categories, legally imposed restrictive measures have been introduced in forest territories that are largely occupied by artificial plantings, which initially characterized by a simplified structure and reduced thresholds of natural stability. There is an increase in the average age of plantings, the accumulation of standing volume of mature and overmature stands, particularly vulnerable to environmental hazards, the frequency and intensity of which will increase due to projected climate change. Currently, the forests of the Moscow region are losing their protective properties, and their environmental, sanitary, and recreational potential is decreasing. Standing volume of ripe and overmature forests increased 7 times over 50 years before the mass dying off and breakdown of stands related to the 2010 drought, including 25 times in coniferous forests. At the same time, the average age of plantings has almost doubled: from 36 years in 1966 to 62 years in 2016. In the case of mass dying off forests in large areas, forestry is not able to quickly solve the problems that arise. This leads to significant losses of wood, which has time to completely lose its liquidity before it is harvested by sanitary logging, and to large costs for the disposal of this wood. Variants of forest management and reforestation aimed at the formation of sustainable protective forest stands are proposed. The expediency of using natural regeneration in reforestation is proved. On the example of research on stationary objects in the National park "Losiny Ostrov" and “Shchelkovsky” educational and experimental forestry district shows a tendency to a significant increase in the natural renewal of broad-leaved species, primarily linden and Norway maple. In recent decades, complex spruce forests have been replaced by broad-leaved communities in National park "Losiny Ostrov". In General, in "Losiny Ostrov" since 1891, the area of stands with the dominance of linden trees, their age and standing volume are constantly growing. The initial stages of changing spruce forests linden ones are also marked on the territory of the “Shchelkovsky” educational and experimental forestry district. These trends should be taken into account when drawing up long-term forest management plans.

scholarly journals Economic Valuation of Carbon Storage and Sequestration in Retezat National Park, Romania

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Robert-George Pache ◽  
Ioan Vasile Abrudan ◽  
Mihai-Daniel Niță
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Management Plans

Carbon storage and sequestration is one of the most important services provided by forest ecosystems, the most powerful tools for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Its value is not always captured and appreciated at a fair level, with people taking for granted these benefits provided by the ecosystems. Our first objective was to evaluate the amount of carbon storage and sequestration within a specific area—Retezat National Park (RNP), Romania, in a specific timeframe, using mainly the data from forest management plans. The second objective was to estimate the economic value of the carbon sequestered by the ecosystems within the national park. Based on the carbon market price, we calculated the monetary value of the sequestered carbon. The third objective was to cross-validate the model using mobile terrestrial LiDAR scanner 3D mapping technology in several field plots. Our results reveal comparable stocks of carbon with the ones modelled based on the forest management plans, enabling us to use these plans as an accurate source of information. The present study underlines that the financial effort for the management of the ecosystems which provide these services can be sustained by implementing financial mechanisms aiming to direct ecosystem services values into the management of these ecosystems.

A GIS-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANS IN TURKEY

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Sivrikaya ◽  
Emin Zeki Baskent ◽  
Ugur Sevik ◽  
Caner Akgul ◽  
Ali Ihsan Kadiogullari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Management Plans

Actual organization of forest communities with broad-leaved trees in broad-leaved-coniferous zone (with Moscow Region as an example)

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernenkova ◽  
O. V. Morozova ◽  
N. G. Belyaeva ◽  
M. Yu. Puzachenko
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Spruce Forests

This study aimed at an investigation of the structure, ecology and mapping of mixed communities with the participation of spruce, pine and broad-leave trees in one of the regions of broad-leave–coniferous zone. Despite the long history of the nature use of the study area, including forestry practices (Kurnayev, 1968; Rysin, Saveliyeva, 2007; Arkhipova, 2014; Belyaeva, Popov, 2016), the communities kept the main features of the indigenous forests of the broad-leave–coniferous zone ­— the tree species polydominance of the stands, the multilayer structure of communities and the high species diversity. In the course of field works in the southwestern part of the Moscow Region (2000–2016) 120 relevés were made. Spatial structure, species composition as well as cover values (%) of all vascular plants and bryophytes were recorded in each stand. The relevés were analysed following the ecology-phytocenotic classification approach and methods of multivariate statistical analysis that allowed correctly to differentiate communities according the broad-leave species participation. The accuracy of the classification based on the results of discriminant analysis was 95.8 %. Evaluation of the similarity of the selected units was carried out with the help of cluster analysis (Fig. 12). Clustering into groups is performed according to the activity index of species (A) (Malyshev, 1973) within the allocated syntaxon using Euclidean distance and Ward’s method. The classification results are corrected by DCA ordination in PC-ORD 5.0 (McCune, Mefford, 2006) (Fig. 1). Spatial mapping of forest cover was carried out on the basis of ground data, Landsat satellite images (Landsat 5 TM, 7 ETM +, 8 OLI_TIRS), digital elevation (DEM) and statistical methods (Puzachenko et al., 2014; Chernenkova et al., 2015) (Fig. 13 а, б). The obtained data and the developed classification refine the existing understanding of the phytocenotic structure of the forest cover of the broad-leave–coniferous zone. Three forest formation groups with different shares of broad-leave species in the canopy with seven groups of associations were described: a) coniferous forests with broad-leave species (small- and broad-herb spruce forests with oak and lime (1)); broad-herb spruce forests with oak and lime (2); small- and broad-herb pine forests with spruce, lime, oak and hazel (3); broad-herb pine forests with lime, oak and hazel (4)), b) broad-leave–coniferous forests (broad-herb spruce–broad-leave forests (5)), and c) broad-leave forests (broad-herb oak forests (6), broad-herb lime forests (7)). In the row of discussed syntaxa from 1 to 7 group, the change in the ratio of coniferous and broad-leave species of the tree layer (A) reflects re­gular decrease in the participation of spruce in the plant cover (from 66 to 6 %; Fig. 3 A1, A2) and an increase in oak and lime more than threefold (from 15 to 65 %; Fig. 4 a). Nemoral species predominate in the composition of ground layers, the cove­rage of which increases (from 40 to 80 %) in the range from 1 to 7 group, the coverage of the boreal group varies from 55 to 8 % (Fig. 11) while maintaining the presence of these species, even in nemoral lime and oak forests. In forests with equal share of broad-leave and coniferous trees (group 5) the nemoral species predominate in herb layer. In oak forests (group 6) the species of the nitro group are maximally represented, which is natural for oak forests occurring on rich soils, and also having abundant undergrowth of hazel. Practically in all studied groups the presence of both coniferous (in particular, spruce) and broad-leave trees in undergrowth (B) and ground layer (C) were present in equal proportions (Fig. 3). This does not confirm the unambiguity of the enrichment with nemoral species and increase in their cover in complex spruce and pine forests in connection with the climate warming in this region, but rather indicates on natural change of the main tree species in the cenopopulations. Further development of the stand and the formation of coni­ferous or broad-leave communities is conditioned by landscape. It is proved that the distribution of different types of communities is statistically significant due to the relief. According to the results of the analysis of remote information, the distribution areas of coniferous forests with broad-leave species, mixed and broad-leave forest areas for the study region are represented equally. The largest massifs of broad-leave–coniferous forests are located in the central and western parts of the study area, while in the eastern one the broad-leave forests predominate, that is a confirmation of the zonal ecotone (along the Pakhra River: Petrov, Kuzenkova, 1968) from broad-leave–coniferous forests to broad-leave forests.

Forest fuel management for wildfire prevention in Spain: a quantitative SWOT analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Marino ◽  
Carmen Hernando ◽  
Rosa Planelles ◽  
Javier Madrigal ◽  
Mercedes Guijarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Fuel Management ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Forest Fuel ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Additional Funding

Spain is one of the Mediterranean countries most severely affected by wildfires during the last 30 years, despite enhanced fire suppression efforts. At present, forest area is increasing more in Spain than in any other European country, and also has one of the highest densities of fire ignitions. However, forest management plans have been developed for only 13% of Spanish forest areas. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of forest fuel management for wildfire prevention in Spain. Different fuel management techniques, including mechanical treatments, prescribed burning and controlled grazing, were considered. A quantitative SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis was performed, based on a thorough documentation review and on the opinions of forest fire experts. Results enabled the identification of obstacles that hinder the implementation of effective fuel management, and suggested strategic recommendations to overcome them. New opportunities related to rural development activities (e.g. promotion of ‘FIRESMART’ products) would be highly relevant in fire-prone forest areas. These opportunities should provide additional funding for sustainable forest management and could foster fuel management activities that would directly involve and benefit rural populations.

scholarly journals Conservation in Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

Oryx ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse C. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Management Plans

Ethiopia does not often receive publicity for its wildlife conservation work, but there have been a commendable number of achievements over the last 15 years or so. For the last two years the author has been carrying out ecological studies to formulate management plans in the Bale Mountains area, which is in the process of being established as a national park. As a result of the developments and protection already afforded, numbers of the endemic mountain nyala have increased considerably.

scholarly journals Financial Feasibility of Investing in Smallholder Cow-Calf Cooperatives in Baluran National Park

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mark Rademaker ◽  
Any Suryantini ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
The Government

Livestock grazing is a major driver of human-wildlife confl ict in conservation areas. Currently, it is estimated that 3000 heads of cattle illegally grazing within Baluran National Park (BNP) in East Java. The recent research has suggested the potential of livestock system intensifi cation to reduce land-use and conflict through conservation priorities. The research goal was to investigate the fi nancial feasibility of starting intensive cow-calf cooperatives by smallholders in the BNP area. Data were collected using Farm surveys in a Criterion sampling design. Optimal herd management plans were generated using whole farm Linear Programming and fi nancial feasibility was assessed using Discounted cash-flow analysis and debt-servicing capabilities. Investment lifetime was set at 15 years and four alternative varieties of cattle were taken from Bali, Peranakan Ongole, Limousin and Simmental. Results show that investing in all varieties represents a positive investment opportunity. Bali cattle obtaining the highest NPV ($53.769), IRR (14,25%) and B/C ratio (1,13). Farmer income can be increased by 163% by combining additional Off-farm labor. However, debt servicing capabilities of cow-calf cooperative activities showed that the loan principal can only be repaid in the 10th year instead of the maximum eight years set by the government cow-calf credit scheme. We urge the government to reconsider either the grace period or the repayment time of the credit scheme to better fit the cash-fl ow characteristics of cow-calf enterprises.

scholarly journals Anatomical characterization of wood for identification of the Tachigali Aubl. species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
João Fideles de Brito Junior ◽  
Marta Silvana Volpato Sccoti ◽  
Scheila Cristina Biazatti ◽  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Main Attribute

In the Amazon many forest species present problems of identification and obtaining botanical material with reproductive structures is not always possible. The macro and microscopic characteristics of the wood of three species of the genus Tachigali Aubl were analyzed in order to determine basic differences among the species. The collection of material was carried at the Forest Management Unit III, in the Flona do Jamari (Jamari National Forest), where we selected arboreal individuals from the species Tachigali poeppigiana Tul., Tachigali setifera (Ducke) Zarucchi & Herend and Tachigali subvelutina (Benth.) Oliveira-Filho, commonly known in Brazil as Tachi Preto (Black Tachi), Tachi Vermelho (Red Tachi) and Tachi Amarelo (Yellow Tachi), respectively, in which the coloring of the core is the main attribute for assigning their vernacular name. Heartwood samples were collected for the making of the specimens. The axial parenchyma was vasicentric and unilateral for T. poeppigiana and T. setifera, and unilateral and sparse for T. subvelutina. Pores were classified as medium and large for T. setifera and T. poeppigiana and very uncommon for T. subvelutina; however, they are medium and very uncommon for the three species. All species showed uniseriate, non-stratified and homogeneous rays. We concluded there are anatomical characteristics that allow the differentiation of the species from the genus Tachigali, which may be used to assist in forest management plans, as well as the surveillance system.

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