scholarly journals Financial Feasibility of Investing in Smallholder Cow-Calf Cooperatives in Baluran National Park

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mark Rademaker ◽  
Any Suryantini ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
The Government

Livestock grazing is a major driver of human-wildlife confl ict in conservation areas. Currently, it is estimated that 3000 heads of cattle illegally grazing within Baluran National Park (BNP) in East Java. The recent research has suggested the potential of livestock system intensifi cation to reduce land-use and conflict through conservation priorities. The research goal was to investigate the fi nancial feasibility of starting intensive cow-calf cooperatives by smallholders in the BNP area. Data were collected using Farm surveys in a Criterion sampling design. Optimal herd management plans were generated using whole farm Linear Programming and fi nancial feasibility was assessed using Discounted cash-flow analysis and debt-servicing capabilities. Investment lifetime was set at 15 years and four alternative varieties of cattle were taken from Bali, Peranakan Ongole, Limousin and Simmental. Results show that investing in all varieties represents a positive investment opportunity. Bali cattle obtaining the highest NPV ($53.769), IRR (14,25%) and B/C ratio (1,13). Farmer income can be increased by 163% by combining additional Off-farm labor. However, debt servicing capabilities of cow-calf cooperative activities showed that the loan principal can only be repaid in the 10th year instead of the maximum eight years set by the government cow-calf credit scheme. We urge the government to reconsider either the grace period or the repayment time of the credit scheme to better fit the cash-fl ow characteristics of cow-calf enterprises.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN KARANG DI TAMAN NASIONAL WAKATOBI: PERSPEKTIF AKTOR DAN AGEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Mercy - Patanda ◽  
Sugeng Hari Wisudo ◽  
Daniel Rudolf Monintja ◽  
Budy - Wiryawan
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fishing Area

<p><em>Stakeholders, </em><em>who are agents and actors in this matter play an important role in the management of reef fisheries in Wakatobi National Park. This study aims to identify the agents and actors in Wakatobi Regency and to identify similarities and differences of the perception between agents and actors in the management of conservation areas. The method used is  Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result showed that there </em><em>was</em><em> a similar perception between agent and actor in which that the conservation gives benefit for the society in Wakatobi and the lack of regulation in Wakatobi Regency. Different perceptions </em><em>between</em><em> actors and agents occurred due to fishermen</em><em> </em><em>intention to fully utilize the resources for their welfare while the government intent</em><em>s</em><em> to limit the fishing area in order to preserve the natural resources and the environment. Therefore, management related to the  regulation on legal-size of fish and the effectiveness of marine protected areas are needed.</em> <em></em></p><p class="TubuhTulisanAll"><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Stakeholders, Coral Reef, Conservation, Wakatobi</em></p><p class="TubuhTulisanAll"><em><br /></em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="Abstrakisi">Pemangku  kepentingan<em> </em>sangat berperan penting dalam pengelolaan perikanan karang di Taman Nasional Kabupaten Wakatobi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi agen dan aktor yang berada di Kabupaten Wakatobi serta melihat persamaan dan perbedaan persepsi antara agen dengan aktor dalam pengelolaan kawasan konservasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis <em>Principal Component Analysis</em> (PCA). Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya persamaan persepsi antara agen dan aktor yaitu konservasi memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat yang ada di Wakatobi dan masih kurangnya peraturan di Kabupaten Wakatobi. Perbedaan persepsi pada aktor dan agen karena nelayan ingin memanfaatkan perairan Taman nasional Wakatobi semaksimal mungkin untuk kesejahteraan nelayan sedangkan pemerintah membatasi wilayah penangkapan dalam rangka menjaga sumber daya alam dan lingkungannya sehingga perlu tindakan pengelolaan yaitu penentuan ukuran ikan yang tertangkap dan pengefektifan daerah perlindungan laut.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> Pemangku Kepentingan, Perikanan Karang, Konservasi, Wakatobi <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn: Bioprospection Potency of Forest Conservation Area

Buletin Eboni ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Heri Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
The Government ◽  
Park Area

Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park Area is one of the forest areas designated by the government as a conservation area in South Sulawesi. Optimization the use of the economic value of conservation areas and  potency of the biodiversity are many parties hope. Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn is one of the biodiversity richness in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park area. This plant predominantly contains flavonoid chemical compounds that are useful as antioxidants, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic, anti-clastogenic, anti-cancer, anti-platelet for humans.  M. minutum has potency as bioprospecting for Bantimurung National Park. The use of the conservation zone rehabilitation zones as wanafarma requires  plantcaracteristic and site management. M. minutum plantation should be placemented at river banks or create waterways if planting at dry land. In addition, efforts can be made to improve the physical properties of the soil in the form of loose and increased organic matter content by planting ground cover and fertilizing.

BIOECONOMIC POTENTIAL FOR SILVOPASTORAL AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM IN NORTH WALES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-66
Author(s):  
Michael Jide Nworji
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
North Wales

Purpose: This study evaluated the bio-economic potentials of temperate lowland silvopastoral agroforestry systems in North Wales, United Kingdom.Methodology: The bioeconomic analysis compared three land-use plausible scenarios (‘forestry’, ‘pasture / livestock’ and ‘agroforestry’) at 3.5% discount rate on a 10-hectare farm over a 30-year rotation using discounted cash flow analysis and national costs and prices for both livestock and tree products based on 2016 baseline data. Base case net present value (NPV) and annual equivalent value (AEV) were calculated for each production livestock grazing, farm forestry, and silvopastoral agroforestry scenario, assuming no policy interventions.Findings: Generally, results of the economic analyses indicated that under the baseline case, assuming no policy interventions, none of the options was viable. This study also showed that increase in lamb sale price, wood price, and wood yield improved the economic viability of the three investment options significantly. Again, the viability of the three investment options in this study is shown to decrease with increase in discount rates. Furthermore, this study disclosed that the application of prevailing government grant/subsidy schemes significantly improved the economic viability of the three investment options as livestock, forestry and agroforestry options showed positive NPV and AEV values at the baseline assumptions and are therefore adjudged economically viable as they all met the decision rule criteria for investment acceptance. Forestry was the most viable option with the highest NPV and AEV, followed by pasture/livestock and agroforestry options.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study underscored the imperative need for policy makers to improve awareness of the benefits of grant incomes and address farmers’ concerns about the economic viability of livestock, forestry and agroforestry investments. The results of this research will help promote greater awareness of the economic value of trees in extensively grazed landscapes in the United Kingdom as well as provide a basis for future comparisons and analysis of farm programs and ecosystem service markets.

Phillips Petroleum Co. Iran v. Islamic Republic of Iran

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
David P. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Phillips Petroleum ◽  
Wholly Owned Subsidiary ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Phillips Petroleum Co. Iran, a wholly owned subsidiary of Phillips Petroleum Co., brought a claim before the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal against the Islamic Republic of Iran and the National Iranian Oil Co. (NIOC) seeking compensation for the alleged taking of its rights under a joint agreement for the exploration and exploitation of petroleum resources in the Persian Gulf. Chamber Two of the Tribunal concluded that the claimant had been deprived of its property interests during the Iranian Revolution by conduct attributable to the Government of Iran for which respondents were liable to provide compensation. Affirming earlier decisions that the 1955 Treaty of Amity between the United States and Iran requires payment of “just compensation” representing the full equivalent of the property taken, the Tribunal accepted “discounted cash flow” analysis as a central method of determining that value. After making significant adjustments to claimant’s calculations, and considering “all relevant circumstances,” the Tribunal awarded claimant $55 million as the value of the expropriated property, with simple interest at the rate of 10 percent per annum from the date of loss to the date of payment from the Security Account.

The Existence of Geothermal Energy in Communication Perspective and Sustainable Environment in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Indriyati Kamil ◽  
Oekan S Abdoellah ◽  
Herlina Agustin ◽  
Iriana Bakti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
The Government

This article highlights the dynamics of geothermal energy in the Kamojang nature reserve in Indonesia. A nature reserve is a conservation area that must be protected and preserved, because it has unique flora and fauna, and rare ecosystems whose existence is threatened with extinction. After going through a long study process by an integrated team, the government finally made a policy to change the function of the nature reserve into a Nature Tourism Park. Changes in policy changes to the function of nature reserves cause pros and cons in the community, and cause conflicts between government and environmental activists. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into natural tourism parks in the Kamojang conservation area of Indonesia, as well as to identify appropriate communication models in the management of geothermal energy through communication and environmentally sustainable approaches. Research findings show that the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into tourist parks include; the interests of geothermal energy to meet national energy needs and electricity infrastructure, accommodate the needs of surrounding communities that utilize water resources in conservation areas, and restore ecosystems. The communication model for geothermal energy management that we propose at the same time is also a novelty namely; ecopopulism approach, negotiation approach, collaboration, and equating meaning and orientation to environmental sustainability. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Nature Reserves, Conservation Policies, Communication Models and Sustainable Development.

INFINITI HR – professional employer organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan White ◽  
Karen Hallows
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Basic Capital ◽  
Current Events

Theoretical basis Students need to know basic capital budgeting techniques to value INFINITI and its competitors. Issues include how to: handle taxes in a discounted cash flow analysis when valuing an S Corp. where incentives depend on current (known) and future (unknown) tax provisions; value a firm using comparable multiples analysis and transactions data; assess the costs and benefits of acquiring a firm versus being acquired; and analyze an industry and perform a ratio and financial statement analysis. Research methodology The case information was obtained through interviews with co-founder Mark Schwaiger. In addition, the authors researched industry and comparable company data, along with current events relating to the professional employer organization (PEO). Financial data was obtained from the owners and competitor data was obtained from Thomson One and Bloomberg. Case overview/synopsis INFINITI HR was a PEO providing comprehensive human resources to their clients. Co-founders Scott Smrkovski and Mark Schwaiger were at a crossroads at the end of 2015 trying to determine the best course of action to take with their company to grow and prosper. One option was for INFINITI to be acquired by a larger company and the second option was for INFINITI acquire a smaller company. In this case, students have the opportunity to do a financial analysis and evaluation of INFINITI and its competitors to determine which option is the best. Complexity academic level This case is intended for an advanced undergraduate or an MBA corporate finance class.

The importance of the Kruger National Park For bird conservation in the Republic of South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C Kemp
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wetland Habitats

One hundred and two species of birds that are thought to be vulnerable in South Africa have been reported from or are likely to occur within the Kruger National Park. These species are considered in relation to their distribution and status in South Africa and the neigbouring countries. The following are suggested as conservation priorities for birds in the Park: 1. Re-establish the extinct Yellow-billed Oxpecker. 2. Investigate the suite of large carnivorous and scavenging birds that have declined over much of their range elsewhere in South Africa. 3. Investigate the species associated with riparian and wetland habitats in the Park. 4. Investigate the tropical species that are confined to the Park within South Africa.

scholarly journals Perspectives of wild medicine harvesters from Cape Town, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (9/10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Petersen ◽  
Andrew M. Reid ◽  
Eugene J. Moll ◽  
Marc T. Hockings
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
The City

Cape Town is a fast-growing cityscape in the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa with 24 formally protected conservation areas including the World Heritage Table Mountain National Park. These sites have been protected and managed as critical sites for local biodiversity, representing potentially one-third of all Cape Floristic Region flora species and 18% of South Africa’s plant diversity. Cape Town is also inhabited by a rapidly growing culturally and economically diverse citizenry with distinct and potentially conflicting perspectives on access to, and management of, local natural resources. In a qualitative study of 58 locally resident traditional healers of distinct cultural groups, we examined motivations underlying the generally illicit activity of harvesting of wild resources from Cape Town protected areas. Resource harvester motivations primarily link to local economic survival, health care and cultural links to particular resources and practices, ‘access for all’ outlooks, and wholesale profit-seeking perspectives. We describe these motivations, contrast them with the current formal, legal and institutional perspectives for biodiversity protection in the city, and propose managerial interventions that may improve sustainability of ongoing harvest activities.

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