scholarly journals Ultrosound assessment of the thoracic and abdominal aorta in civil aviation pilots of senior age group

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Aviation Pilots

scholarly journals Evaluation of heart chambers and left ventricular geometry in civil aviation pilots of senior age groups according to echocardiography data

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kuzmina ◽  
M. V. Khodyreva
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Left Ventricular Geometry ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Assessment ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Expert Commission ◽  
Aviation Pilots

The structural- functional changes of heart chambers (changes in size, volume, shape and function of the heart) are the basis of the cardiac remodeling — an important element of the cardiovascular continuum, which is a key mechanism for the progression of the main cardiovascular diseases. Echocardiography is the main and available method for its assessment.Material and methods. 1189 civil aviation pilots aged 54–68 who underwent routine in-patient examination at the Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation were examined on a regular basis with further medical assessment at the Central Medical Flight Expert Commission of Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation in 2009–2010. The average age was 56.75 ± 0.07. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed for evaluation of the structural-functional indicators of the cardiovascular system in 1170 of flight personnel (98.4%).Results. Enlarged size of the heart chambers was minor and moderate without heart failure and was detected in 4.8% of civil aviation pilots of senior age group. Abnormal geometry of left ventricular (LV) was revealed in 61.7% of the examined civil aviation pilots of senior age group: left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) — in 1% of pilots (concentric LVH — 0.6 % and eccentric LVH — 0.4% cases), concentric remodeling of the LV — in 60.7% pilots. The decrease in LV ejection fraction was observed only in one pilot with EF— 53%. Pilots inapt for flying had enlarged chambers more often than pilots with fitness to fly (9.8% vs 3.35% pilots; p < 0,0001) and LVH (2.9% vs 0.45%; p < 0,001).Conclusions. Echocardiography is an important method for cardiac chambers evaluation, including determination of type LVH geometry. It can be used in the medical assessment of civil aviation pilots of the senior age group.

scholarly journals Impaired heart conduction in pilots of civil aviation of the older age group

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
A. Y. Kuzmina ◽  
A. A. Blaginin ◽  
A. Ya Fisun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
The State ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intraventricular Conduction ◽  
Conduction Disturbances ◽  
Conduction Disorders ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Prevalence, structure and clinical significance of conduction disturbances was studied according to the electrocardiography findings in 1189 older pilots in aged 55 years and older, who were to the Central Civil Aviation Hospital (Moscow) and examined on the regular bases. Resting electrocardiogram was recorded in all subjects according to generally accepted methods. Heart conduction disorders were detected in 16,9% of pilots of the older age group. More common were intraventricular conduction disturbances - 13,7% of cases, atrioventricular conduction disturbances were recorded less often- 1,8% of cases, and their combination was even less common - 0,6% of cases. Cardiac conduction abnormalities as part of another electrocardiogram syndromes were noted in 10 (0,8%) peoples. Older civil aviation pilots are characterized a lower frequency of electrocardiogram changes compared to a general population of the same age in the Russian Federation. The signs of cardiac conduction disturbances on the electrocardiogram in civil aviation pilots did not always lead to unfitness to fly. The evaluation of fitness to flight in some electrocardiogram deviations is depend of the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease, functional condition of the cardiovascular system and the data of additional examination methods. Diagnosis of heart rhythm and conduction disorders is important in assessing the state of the circulatory system, especially in flight personnel. Timely detection of cardiac conduction disorders in civil aviation pilots is essential for maintaining medical safety, especially in older people. Electrocardiography is performed as an initial method for assessing the state of the conducting heart system in civil aviation pilots.

scholarly journals Structure-function indices of echocardiography in civil aviation pilots of senior age groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-430
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kuzmina ◽  
M. V. Khodyreva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Small Heart ◽  
Expert Commission ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Echocardiography is an important method for non-invasive evaluation of the structural and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system, which is valuable in early detection of the cardiovascular pathology, especially in older people, because, the prevalence of the most cardiovascular diseases significantly increases with age. Material and methods. 1189 civil aviation pilots aged 54–68 years who underwent routine in-patient examination at the Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation on a regular basis were examined with further medical assessment at the Central Medical Flight Expert Commission of Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation in 2009–2010. The average age was 56.75 ± 0.07. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 1170 flight personnel (98.4%) for evaluation of the structural and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system. Results. Echocardiography abnormalities were detected in 95.7% of pilots of the senior age group, 14.1% of these changes were in mixt form. Signs of atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta were most common — 94% of cases. Left ventricle diastolic dysfunction of type I was noted in 60.3% of pilots. Structural and/or functional changes of the heart valves were noted in 18.2% of the subjects, most of them were localized in the aortic valves: 16% of cases. Dilation of the heart chambers were detected in 4.8% of the examined. LVH was found in 1% of pilots of the senior age group, and signs of LV concentric remodeling — in 60.7% of individuals. The decrease in LV myocardial contractility was detected only in one pilot with EF 53%. Small heart abnormalities were identified only in 0.6% of cases. Conclusions. Echocardiography abnormalities are quite common in pilots of the senior age group, however, «gross» echocardiographic changes are much less common than in the population, which is natural, because these individuals undergo initial medical screening and subsequent follow-up. The use of this method for screening in civil aviation pilots of senior age groups is reasonable, because the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in this group is increasing.

Assessment of labor intensity indicators and factors affecting fatigue in civil aviation pilots based on the results of a questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Zibarev ◽  
Igor V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
Elena A. Valtseva ◽  
Andrej V. Tokarev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fatigue Development ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Introduction. An essential feature of the professional activity of pilots of civil aviation aircraft is the high intensity of work due to pronounced emotional, intellectual, and sensory loads, unique work modes. The study aims to assess the intensity of work and the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among civil aviation pilots according to an anonymous online questionnaire. Materials and methods. Experts surveyed 667 members of the flight crews in remote anonymous online questioning. We developed the questionnaires under the criteria for assessing the intensity of work, assessing the risk factors for fatigue development according to the ICAO recommendations, and analyzing the pilot's activity algorithm. The researchers used descriptive statistical methods to analyze the survey data. Results. The working conditions of pilots according to 7 indicators of tension correspond to class 3.2: a high level of intellectual loads (72-100% of pilots), a large number of overlapping time zones (18%), the maximum duration of concentrated observation (70.7%), a high density of signals and messages (29.9%), a significant number of objects of simultaneous observation (18.9%), a high degree of risk to one's own life and responsibility for the safety of others (98%), as well as a rough working day (79%). According to the totality of indicators, the general class of labor intensity corresponds to the highest degree (class 3.3). The factors affecting the fatigue of pilots include rare rest between flights (44.6% of respondents), intermittent sleep (59.9%), not always a full sleep before the night flight shift (85.9%). According to the survey results, the share of pilots who have spontaneous sleep during the flight is 74.3%, and frequently delayed reaction to usual, non - standard, or extreme stimuli and signals is 12.3%. Conclusions. The obtained data of the questionnaire survey confirm the results of psychophysiological studies that have shown that the level of the labor intensity of pilots is "super-intense or extreme." Therefore, considering the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among the crew members, and based on the understanding of the fundamental problems noted by the pilots, it is necessary to develop measures and management solutions to minimize the risk factors for fatigue development.

scholarly journals In Vivo Quantification of Regional Circumferential Green Strain in the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta by Two-Dimensional Spiral Cine DENSE MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Wilson ◽  
Xiaodong Zhong ◽  
Jackson Hair ◽  
W. Robert Taylor ◽  
John N. Oshinski
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Ssfp Cine ◽  
Green Strain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Cine Dense

Regional tissue mechanics play a fundamental role in the patient-specific function and remodeling of the cardiovascular system. Nevertheless, regional in vivo assessments of aortic kinematics remain lacking due to the challenge of imaging the thin aortic wall. Herein, we present a novel application of displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the regional displacement and circumferential Green strain of the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Two-dimensional (2D) spiral cine DENSE and steady-state free procession (SSFP) cine images were acquired at 3T at either the infrarenal abdominal aorta (IAA), descending thoracic aorta (DTA), or distal aortic arch (DAA) in a pilot study of six healthy volunteers (22–59 y.o., 4 females). DENSE data were processed with multiple custom noise reduction techniques including time-smoothing, displacement vector smoothing, sectorized spatial smoothing, and reference point averaging to calculate circumferential Green strain across 16 equispaced sectors around the aorta. Each volunteer was scanned twice to evaluate interstudy repeatability. Circumferential Green strain was heterogeneously distributed in all volunteers and locations. The mean spatial heterogeneity index (standard deviation of all sector values divided by the mean strain) was 0.37 in the IAA, 0.28 in the DTA, and 0.59 in the DAA. Mean (homogenized) peak strain by DENSE for each cross section was consistent with the homogenized linearized strain estimated from SSFP cine. The mean difference in peak strain across all sectors following repeat imaging was −0.1±2.3%, with a mean absolute difference of 1.7%. Aortic cine DENSE MRI is a viable noninvasive technique for quantifying heterogeneous regional aortic wall strain and has significant potential to improve patient-specific clinical assessments of numerous aortopathies, as well as to provide the lacking spatiotemporal data required to refine patient-specific computational models of aortic growth and remodeling.

scholarly journals Staged endovascular stent grafts for concurrent mobile/ulcerated thrombi of thoracic and abdominal aorta causing recurrent spontaneous distal embolization

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne W. Zhang ◽  
Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam ◽  
Mazen Hashisho ◽  
J. David Killeen ◽  
Christian Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Endovascular Stent ◽  
Stent Grafts ◽  
Distal Embolization ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

scholarly journals Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin Extract Enhances PPAR-α, PPAR-γ Expression and Reduces I/M Ratio in Aorta, Increases LXR-α Expression and Alters Adipokines and Triglycerides Levels in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3621
Author(s):  
Maciej Danielewski ◽  
Alicja Z. Kucharska ◽  
Agnieszka Matuszewska ◽  
Andrzej Rapak ◽  
Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits possess potential cardiovascular, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic bioactivities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract rich in iridoids and anthocyanins on several transcription factors, intima/media ratio in aorta and serum parameters, which determine or are valuable indicators of the adverse changes observed in the course of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. For this purpose, male New Zealand rabbits were fed a diet enriched in 1% cholesterol for 60 days. Additionally, one group received 10 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract and the second group 50 mg/kg b.w. of cornelian cherry extract. PPAR-α and PPAR-γ expression in the aorta, LXR-α expression in the liver; cholesterol, triglycerides, adipokines, apolipoproteins, glucose and insulin levels in serum; the intima and media diameter in the thoracic and abdominal aorta were determined. Administration of cornelian cherry extract resulted in an enhancement in the expression of all tested transcription factors, a decrease in triglycerides, leptin and resistin, and an increase in adiponectin levels. In addition, a significant reduction in the I/M ratio was observed for both the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The results we have obtained confirm the potential contribution of cornelian cherry extract to mitigation of the risk of developing and the intensity of symptoms of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome.

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