scholarly journals Structure-function indices of echocardiography in civil aviation pilots of senior age groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-430
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kuzmina ◽  
M. V. Khodyreva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Small Heart ◽  
Expert Commission ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Echocardiography is an important method for non-invasive evaluation of the structural and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system, which is valuable in early detection of the cardiovascular pathology, especially in older people, because, the prevalence of the most cardiovascular diseases significantly increases with age. Material and methods. 1189 civil aviation pilots aged 54–68 years who underwent routine in-patient examination at the Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation on a regular basis were examined with further medical assessment at the Central Medical Flight Expert Commission of Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation in 2009–2010. The average age was 56.75 ± 0.07. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 1170 flight personnel (98.4%) for evaluation of the structural and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system. Results. Echocardiography abnormalities were detected in 95.7% of pilots of the senior age group, 14.1% of these changes were in mixt form. Signs of atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta were most common — 94% of cases. Left ventricle diastolic dysfunction of type I was noted in 60.3% of pilots. Structural and/or functional changes of the heart valves were noted in 18.2% of the subjects, most of them were localized in the aortic valves: 16% of cases. Dilation of the heart chambers were detected in 4.8% of the examined. LVH was found in 1% of pilots of the senior age group, and signs of LV concentric remodeling — in 60.7% of individuals. The decrease in LV myocardial contractility was detected only in one pilot with EF 53%. Small heart abnormalities were identified only in 0.6% of cases. Conclusions. Echocardiography abnormalities are quite common in pilots of the senior age group, however, «gross» echocardiographic changes are much less common than in the population, which is natural, because these individuals undergo initial medical screening and subsequent follow-up. The use of this method for screening in civil aviation pilots of senior age groups is reasonable, because the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in this group is increasing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of heart chambers and left ventricular geometry in civil aviation pilots of senior age groups according to echocardiography data

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kuzmina ◽  
M. V. Khodyreva
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Left Ventricular Geometry ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Assessment ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Expert Commission ◽  
Aviation Pilots

The structural- functional changes of heart chambers (changes in size, volume, shape and function of the heart) are the basis of the cardiac remodeling — an important element of the cardiovascular continuum, which is a key mechanism for the progression of the main cardiovascular diseases. Echocardiography is the main and available method for its assessment.Material and methods. 1189 civil aviation pilots aged 54–68 who underwent routine in-patient examination at the Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation were examined on a regular basis with further medical assessment at the Central Medical Flight Expert Commission of Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation in 2009–2010. The average age was 56.75 ± 0.07. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed for evaluation of the structural-functional indicators of the cardiovascular system in 1170 of flight personnel (98.4%).Results. Enlarged size of the heart chambers was minor and moderate without heart failure and was detected in 4.8% of civil aviation pilots of senior age group. Abnormal geometry of left ventricular (LV) was revealed in 61.7% of the examined civil aviation pilots of senior age group: left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) — in 1% of pilots (concentric LVH — 0.6 % and eccentric LVH — 0.4% cases), concentric remodeling of the LV — in 60.7% pilots. The decrease in LV ejection fraction was observed only in one pilot with EF— 53%. Pilots inapt for flying had enlarged chambers more often than pilots with fitness to fly (9.8% vs 3.35% pilots; p < 0,0001) and LVH (2.9% vs 0.45%; p < 0,001).Conclusions. Echocardiography is an important method for cardiac chambers evaluation, including determination of type LVH geometry. It can be used in the medical assessment of civil aviation pilots of the senior age group.

Performance by Age Groups in Biological and Mechanical Cardiac Valve Replacement

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy J Fradet ◽  
WR Eric Jamieson ◽  
Robert T Miyagishima ◽  
A Ian Munro
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Mitral Valve Replacement ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Biological Prosthesis ◽  
Mechanical Prostheses ◽  
Valve Prostheses ◽  
Biological Prostheses

A group of 1195 patients who received biological valve prostheses (mean age 57.3 years, range 8 to 85 years) and a group of 1345 patients who received mechanical heart valves (mean age 56.1 years, range 13 to 91 years) were analyzed for complications by age group (less than or equal to 54 years, 55 to 65 years, and over 65 years). The freedom from thromboembolism and anticoagulant-related hemorrhage at 8 years after aortic valve replacement was significantly higher in patients who received a biological prosthesis in all age groups. The freedom from thromboembolism and anticoagulant-related hemorrhage at 8 years after mitral valve replacement was significantly higher in patients who received a biological prosthesis in the age groups less than or equal to 54 years and over 65 years. The freedom from all valve-related complications at 5 and 8 years after aortic or mitral valve replacement showed the same trend of greater freedom from complications in biological prostheses patients compared with mechanical prostheses in most age groups. However, freedom from valve-related reoperation, mortality, and residual morbidity for aortic and mitral valve replacement for all age groups was not significantly different. These results show that biological prostheses can be considered for patients aged 55 years and older. The prostheses by age group or position at 8 years were not differentiated by valve-related reoperation, mortality, and residual morbidity. t 8 years there is a demonstrated price to pay for a presumed increase in longevity for patients with mechanical valves in the aortic position, reflected by an increase in thromboembolism and anticoagulant-related hemorrhage in all age groups.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Relationship between the Maxillary Sinus and the Canine Root tip using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Khojastepour ◽  
Najmeh Movahhedian ◽  
Mohadeseh Zolghadrpour
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Abstract Background: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the frequency and amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region and to evaluate the vertical distance between the maxillary sinus floor and canine apices.Methods: Cone beam computed tomographic images of 300 individuals (154 males and 146 females) over 20 years (with mean age of 35.12 ± 8.40 years) were evaluated. The subjects were categorized into three age groups (20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 years). When maxillary sinus extended to the canine area, the vertical distance between them were recorded and their relationship were classified into three types: I (> 2 mm distance), II (2 mm < distance or in-contact) and III (interlock). Results: 413 out of 600 maxillary sinuses (68.8%) were extended into the canine area or beyond. Among them, 15 maxillary sinuses pneumatized into the incisor area (2.5%). The prevalence of the maxillary sinuses extended to the anterior region of the jaw was not significantly different between genders, but it was significantly less frequent in older age group and more frequent in the left side. The mean amount of anterior extension of maxillary sinus (mm) was significantly lower in older age group. Type I was the most frequent vertical relationship between the maxillary sinuses and canine apices with no significant difference in gender, side and age groups.Conclusions: Most of the maxillary sinuses extended to the canine area. Maxillary sinus extended into incisor area with the frequency of 2.5% . The amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region and its vertical distance with canine apices decreased in older age group.

scholarly journals Impaired heart conduction in pilots of civil aviation of the older age group

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
A. Y. Kuzmina ◽  
A. A. Blaginin ◽  
A. Ya Fisun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
The State ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intraventricular Conduction ◽  
Conduction Disturbances ◽  
Conduction Disorders ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Prevalence, structure and clinical significance of conduction disturbances was studied according to the electrocardiography findings in 1189 older pilots in aged 55 years and older, who were to the Central Civil Aviation Hospital (Moscow) and examined on the regular bases. Resting electrocardiogram was recorded in all subjects according to generally accepted methods. Heart conduction disorders were detected in 16,9% of pilots of the older age group. More common were intraventricular conduction disturbances - 13,7% of cases, atrioventricular conduction disturbances were recorded less often- 1,8% of cases, and their combination was even less common - 0,6% of cases. Cardiac conduction abnormalities as part of another electrocardiogram syndromes were noted in 10 (0,8%) peoples. Older civil aviation pilots are characterized a lower frequency of electrocardiogram changes compared to a general population of the same age in the Russian Federation. The signs of cardiac conduction disturbances on the electrocardiogram in civil aviation pilots did not always lead to unfitness to fly. The evaluation of fitness to flight in some electrocardiogram deviations is depend of the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease, functional condition of the cardiovascular system and the data of additional examination methods. Diagnosis of heart rhythm and conduction disorders is important in assessing the state of the circulatory system, especially in flight personnel. Timely detection of cardiac conduction disorders in civil aviation pilots is essential for maintaining medical safety, especially in older people. Electrocardiography is performed as an initial method for assessing the state of the conducting heart system in civil aviation pilots.

scholarly journals A Study of Analysis for Noise Environment and Hearing Loss of Army Aviation Pilots

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-179
Author(s):  
Kyucheol Ko ◽  
Oyonghyeok Lee ◽  
Jinsook Kim ◽  
Taewon Lee ◽  
Yerim Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hearing Conservation ◽  
Noise Environment ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Hearing Test ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Purpose: The hearing condition of pilots and the level of noise of helicopter were of interest. This study aimed to analyze the noise environment and hearing loss of the pilots of Korean army aviation.Methods: A total of 242 pilots who did not have any middle ear problems or other ear diseases were selected: 34, 69, 70, and 69 from the age group 20, 30, 40, and 50, respectively. The physical examination records of hearing test from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed. The noise environment was measured at the two indoor positions of pilot and crew and one outside position which was 1 m away from the 8 helicopters owned by Korean army aviation: 500MD, UH-1H, UH-60, KUH-1, AH-1S, BO-105, CH-47, AH-64.Results: The thresholds of pilots were statistically different in term of frequency, age, and flight time (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The range of measured noise level of helicopters at the position of pilot, crew, and outside were 88.6 (AH-1S)-104.1 dB A (CH-47), 93.9 (UH-1H)-108.6 dB A (CH-47), 105 (500MD, AH-1S)-109 dB A (AH-64). When compared hearing thresholds of the pilots to normal groups according to age groups, they were higher at 6 kHz and lower at 0.5 kHz for all age groups.Conclusion: The hearing thresholds of Korean army aviation pilots increased as age and flight time were increased while showing the typical noise-induced hearing loss with high frequency involvement. We suggest that hearing protection education should be provided and the appropriate hearing conservation program should be established for pilot hearing health care in the future.

The organizational culture of airlines as a risk factor for the professional health of pilots and flight safety in modern Russian Civil Aviation

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 667-673
Author(s):  
Valentina E. Bogdanova ◽  
Vasiliy V. Serikov ◽  
Anna A. Zakrevskaya ◽  
Ekatherina V. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Introduction. We present the study results of pilots of different age groups about the role of campaign policies in ensuring the safety of flights, health, and social well-being of pilots. The study aims to learn the ideas of civil aviation pilots of different age groups about the role of campaign policies in ensuring flight safety. Materials and methods. The researchers used the following methods as empirical research methods: focus group method, content analysis of pilots' statements, frequency analysis method, implemented in the SPSS-20 program. Results. According to the frequency analysis results, we identified adverse factors of the labor process that negatively affect flight safety. Of these, the most damaging factors of labor activity are: a violation of the elements and features of the organizational, legal and material, and economic management subsystems (organizational characteristics) - 97.5% of respondents; infringement of the work and rest regime of civil aviation pilots - 100% of respondents; stress in the workplace - 92.5% of respondents; poor-quality training - 77.5%; manipulation of wages - 77%. Conclusions. The analysis of the obtained results allows us to conclude that the management policy of the organization and personnel is a crucial factor determining flight safety, a high level of motivation to work, productivity, and health of pilots.

scholarly journals THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE PINEAL GLAND OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF THE YAKUTIA IN THE AGE ASPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
A. Y. Sleptsov ◽  
D. K. Garmaeva ◽  
D. S. Belolyubskaya
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dark Cell ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Age

The pineal gland is a functionally light-dependent organ located in different conditions depending on living in different latitudes. Insufficient data on the morphological and functional state of the human pineal gland under various living conditions constitute a significant gap in the study of the pineal gland. A morphological study of the epiphysis of the indigenous population of different age groups was carried out, obtained during of autopsies on in the pathology department of the National Center of Medicine of Yakutsk (Republic of Sakha). The methods of morphometric analysis with the calculation of indicators of the area of pinealocyte karyons and the quantitative assessment of pineal gland parenchyma cells were used. The data obtained show age-related changes in morphological and functional activity, including changes in the size of light and dark cell karyons in the oldest age group. The largest deviations were observed among dark cells, probably indicating their transition and replenishment of active secreting pinealocytes against the background of a general decrease in the number of cells associated with fibrosis and organ calcification. In the group of 6069 years old, there is an increase in the number of gliocytes, significant compared with the younger age group. In the group of the oldest age, a sharp decrease in their number is noted. Age-related morphological and functional changes in the pineal gland in the indigenous population of Yakutia are most evident at the age of 60-69 and include signs of a decrease in the functional activity of pinealocytes, progressive calcification of the pineal gland, accumulation of neural pigment and proliferation of connective tissue, with the formation of a stromal type of structure.

scholarly journals Assessment of the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the canine root tip using cone beam computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Khojastepour ◽  
Najmeh Movahhedian ◽  
Mohadeseh Zolghadrpour ◽  
Mohammad Mahjoori-Ghasrodashti
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the canine root apices in cone beam computed tomographic images (CBCT) and to assess the amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region of the jaw in different sexes and age groups. Methods CBCT of 300 individuals (154 males and 146 females) over 20 years (with a mean age of 35.12 ± 8.40 years) were evaluated. The subjects were categorized into three age groups (20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 years). When the maxillary sinus extended to the canine area, the vertical distance between them was measured, and their relationship was classified into three types: I (more than 2 mm distance), II (less than 2 mm distance or in-contact), and III (interlock). Results 413 out of 600 maxillary sinuses (68.8%) were extended into the canine area or beyond. Among them, 15 maxillary sinuses pneumatized into the incisor area (2.5%). The prevalence of the maxillary sinuses extended to the anterior region of the jaw was not significantly different between genders. However, it was significantly less frequent in the older age group and more frequent on the left side. In addition, the mean amount of anterior extension of the maxillary sinus (mm) was significantly lower in the older age group. Type I was the most frequent vertical relationship between the maxillary sinuses and canine apices with no significant difference in gender, side, and age groups. Conclusions In most cases, the maxillary sinus extended to the canine area and sometimes reached the incisor region. This necessitates paying more attention to the maxillary anterior sextant during surgical procedures.

The Effect of Collagen Mediated Platelet Release on Plasma Prekallikrein Activation

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 037-041 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Weerasinghe ◽  
M F Scully ◽  
V V Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Collagen Treatment

SummaryCollagen mediated platelet aggregation caused -5.6 ± 6.7% inhibition and +39.1 ± 15.2% potentiation of prekallikrein activation in plasma from normal healthy volunteers between 20–40 and 50–65 years of age, respectively (n = 15, p <0.01). The amouns of platelet factor-four (PF4) released in the two groups were not significantly different. Collagen treatment in the presence of indomethacin caused +11.5 ± 3.6% and +59.6 ± 19.5% potentiation in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups respectively (p <0.02). Adrenaline mediated platelet aggregation caused -55.2 ± 7.1% and -35.2 ± 8.3% inhibition in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups, respectively. Collagen treatment of platelet-deficient-plasma and platelet-rich-plasma in EDTA also caused potentiation of prekallikrein activation.The results indicate that the observed degree of prekallikrein activation after platelet aggregation is a net result of the inhibitory effect of PF4 and the potentiatory effect of activated platelets. The potentiatory effect was greater after collagen treatment as compared to adrenaline treatment, and in the 50–65 age group as compared to the 20–40 age group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document