Epidemiological situation of Q fever in sheep, goats and cattle in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship between the years 2011 and 2015, based on monitoring   studies and cases from clinical practice

The publication presents the results of monitoring Q fever in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship and three outbreaks disclosed as part of a clinical field practice. In five years (2011 – 2015) of examination in the Wielkopolska Voivodeship, 2,431 serological tests were carried out (1,851 in sheep, 343 in goats and 237 in cattle). Antibodies against Coxiella burneti were found three times. The first positive result in 2011 affected herds of goats and cattle and was confirmed in the reference laboratory of the National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy. A specific DNA sequence for Coxiella burneti by real-time PCR method was found. The farm consisted of 1,494 goats and 397 cattle. Serological tests were carried out to give positive results in 15.3% of the cattle and 5.77% of the goats from the whole herd. Breeding selection and the elimination of seropositive animals and double oxytetracycline treatment reduced the proportion of animals with a positive result to 5.53% in cattle and 0.96% in goats. After more than a year the elimination of seropositive animals and probable natural decline in antibody levels has led to the recognition of an outbreak of Q fever to be eliminated. The second positive result of the monitoring of Q fever was found in 2014 in one cow out of seven respondents, but the serological test was not confirmed in the reference, as a specific DNA sequence for Coxiella burneti was not found. The research conducted in sheep in 2015 showed the presence of antibodies against Coxiella burneti in two samples. The results were confirmed by the detection of genetic material of the pathogen by real-time PCR examination in the National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy. Three outbreaks of Q fever revealed in clinical practice related to bovine herds where clinical disturbances were observed in: reproduction, milk production decrease or increase in internal body temperature and symptoms of the respiratory system. The positive ELISA test results were the reason for the elimination of seropositive animals. Moreover, after the disclosure of infection two herds were vaccinated using an inactivated vaccine Coxevac (CEVA), which caused the improvement of production results and relief of clinical symptoms. It is worth mentioning that in two farms along with cattle there were fallow deer supported by staff cowman. Official monitoring tests of Q fever revealed an outbreak of the disease in a herd of goats and cattle, which lead to taking effective action to protect public health because of the zoonotic nature of this infection and epidemiological risk. In the disclosure of these clinical signs in cattle it is advisable to carry out laboratory tests for Q fever.

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A survey on the occurrence of Brachyspira pilosicoli and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in growing-finishing pigs

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20639.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1702

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Dors ◽

Ewelina Czyżewska-Dors ◽

Grzegorz Woźniakowski

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽

Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽

Veterinary Research ◽

Two Samples ◽

Intestinal Pathogens

Background: The major pathogenic intestinal spirochetes affecting pigs during the growing- finishing stage of production include Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli. Infections by these pathogens, which affect the economics of pig production, can result in mortality, growth rate losses and substantial antibiotic costs. The aim of this study was to assess the current occurrence of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli in Polish pig herds. Moreover, associations between the presence of diarrhea or other intestinal pathogens and occurrence of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli in pigs were investigated. Methods: Between January 2017 and August 2019, a total of 401 samples of pig feces from 95 different herds were submitted to the National Veterinary Research Institute of Poland. These samples were obtained from pigs older than 7 weeks. All the received fecal samples were examined for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli and Lawsonia intracellularis by real-time PCR. Results: For B. pilosicoli, 4.5% (95% CI, 2.5–7.0%) of samples and 13.7% (95% CI, 7.5–22.3%) of herds were positive. Out of 12 samples, B. pilosicoli was detected simultaneously with L. intracellularis, B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli were detected alone in two samples each. In terms of B. hyodysenteriae, 7.0% of samples (95% CI, 4.7–9.9%) from 18.9% of herds (95% CI, 11.6–28.3%) were positive in real time PCR. The presence of B. hyodysenteriae in fecal samples was associated with the presence of diarrhea in pigs. Conclusions: This study confirmed that B. pilosicoli infections occur in Polish pig herds, but the prevalence is at a low level and the presence of B. pilosicoli is not associated with the development of diarrhea in pigs. B. hyodysenteriae is still a common cause of diarrhea among pigs from Polish herds.

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False Negative Results in High Viremia Parvovirus B19-Samples Tested with Real-Time PCR

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2010-020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 129-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

PIOTR GRABARCZYK ◽

ALEKSANDRA KALIŃSKA ◽

EWA SULKOWSKA ◽

EWA BROJER

Keyword(s):

Positive Result ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

False Negative ◽

Immunocompromised Patients ◽

Negative Results ◽

False Negative Results ◽

Parvovirus B 19 ◽

The Way

Extremely high viremia is observed during some viruses infection, especialy in immunocompromised patients. False negative results of Parvovirus B 19 DNA tests performed with real-time PCR in high viremic samples are reported. The way of fluorescence diagrams analysis and algorithm of positive result confirmation to exclude such phenomenon are proposed.

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Genotype-specific detection of Giardia lamblia in stool samples of diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8979 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 183-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Masud Alam ◽

Mohammad Ilias ◽

Md Abdullah Siddique ◽

Md Mamun Kabir ◽

Farida Nazib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Result ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Diarrhoeal Disease ◽

Giardia Cyst ◽

Positive Stool ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Assemblage B

Two major genotypic assemblages (A and B) of Giardia lamblia infect humans. A single-vessel multiplex real-time PCR assay was used that genotypes Giardia infections into assemblages A and/or B directly from fecal samples. In this study, 157 diarrhoeal (symptomatic) and non-diarrhoeal (asymptomatic) stool samples collected from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) hospital, respectively were analyzed to determine whether an association exists between infections with G. lamblia assemblages A or B and diarrhea in Bangladesh. Of the 157 stool samples, Giardia cysts were observed in 35 by microscopy and 127 showed positive result for Giardia cyst specific antigen. The 127 ELISA positive samples were assayed for genotyping by real?time polymerase chain reaction. Of the 117 real-time PCR positive stool samples, 15 were positive for G. lamblia assemblage A, 96 were positive for assemblage B and 6 samples showed positive result for both G. lamblia assemblage A and B infections. Higher ratios for diarrhea were observed for assemblage A infections, whereas higher parasite DNA loads and a higher overall rate were observed for assemblage B infections in both diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal patients. Real-time PCR is, therefore, useful as an additional test supplementary to microscopy or enzyme immunoassay to detect genotypes of Giardia. Key words: Giardia lamblia; Genotypes; Multiplex real-time PCR; Immunoassay DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8979 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 183-189

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The Light and Shadow of Rapid Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results from a Study in a Large Emergency Department

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6493

Author(s):

Daniela Loconsole ◽

Francesca Centrone ◽

Caterina Morcavallo ◽

Silvia Campanella ◽

Anna Sallustio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Large Scale ◽

Serological Test ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Serological Assay ◽

Infected People ◽

Screening Programs

A critical point in the management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the need to promptly identify the greatest number of infected people and to implement strict public health measures. In this study, the performance of a rapid serological test in a clinical setting was evaluated. Samples from 819 consecutive patients (with or without respiratory symptoms) admitted to a large Emergency Department were tested between 23 March and 21 April 2020. Patient samples were tested in a real-time PCR assay and a serological assay. In total, 148/819 patients (18.1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time PCR. The serological test revealed that 70/819 patients (8.5%) had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and/or IgG. The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was significantly higher in patients with respiratory symptoms lasting for >7 days than in those with respiratory symptoms lasting for 0–7 days (p < 0.001). The serological assay had an overall sensitivity of 35.1% and an overall specificity of 97.3%. A high negative predictive value (96.7%) was reported for patients without respiratory symptoms. The results confirm that rapid serological assays alone are not sufficient for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection but can be incorporated into large-scale screening programs during periods in which the virus circulation is low.

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Identification of Coxiella burnetii in Raw Milk of Livestock Animal in Iran

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/6632036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez ◽

Ehsan Mostafavi ◽

Mohammad Khalili ◽

Saber Esmaeili

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Q Fever ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Sheep Milk ◽

Dairy Animals

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the frequency of C. burnetii in milk samples of dairy animals (goats, sheep, and cattle) in some selected regions in Iran, where there is no information about prevalence of C. burnetii. In this study, 162 individual milk samples were collected from 43 farms in three provinces (Tehran, Hamadan, and Mazandaran). Real-time PCR was used for the detection of IS1111a element of C. burnetii. In total, 23 of 162 samples (14.2%, 95% conﬁdence interval (CI): 9.65–20.2%) were positive for C. burnetii by real-time PCR. C. burnetii was detected in 10.17% (95% CI: 4.74–20.46) of goat milk samples. In sheep milk samples, 18.6% (95% CI: 9.74–32.62) were positive, and C. burnetii was detected in 15% (95% CI: 8.1–26.11) of cattle milk samples. Molecular evidence of the presence of C. burnetii was seen in milk samples of dairy animals in all the studied regions. These findings demonstrated that C. burnetii infection, especially in raw milk samples, deserves more attention from the health care system and veterinary organization in Iran.

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Investigation of JC Polyomavirus (JCV) Genome in Colorectal Cancer Patients from Iran

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v49i3.3153 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Hadi KARBALAIE NIYA ◽

Mohsen KESHAVARZ ◽

Fahimeh SAFARNEZHAD TAMESHKEL ◽

Mahsa TAHERIZADEH ◽

Maryam ESGHAEI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Positive Result ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Positive Control ◽

Melting Curve Analysis ◽

Jc Polyomavirus ◽

Study Results ◽

Healthy Control ◽

The Mean

Background: JC polyomavirus (JCV) is an epitheliotropic and neurotropic virus that identified in relationship with some devastating complications such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and linked to colorectal cancer. The aim of current study was to identify the prevalence of JCV in colorectal cancer for the first time in Iran. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted by the hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from 2011 to 2016. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks were used for DNA extraction by QIAamp® DNA FFPE Tissue Kit. The SYBER Green Real-time PCR assay performed by specific primers for JCV T-Large Ag. Melting curve analysis used for evaluation of amplification specificity. Positive control cloned in pTZ57R/T plasmid by Generay Biotechnology system. Results: Of 157 specimens 66 were colorectal cancer by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 59.35±14.48 and 91 healthy control by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 57.21±14.66. All 157 specimens tested for JCV T-Large Ag gene by Real-time PCR method and we found that there was not any positive result although the melting analysis showed specificity of positive control amplification. Conclusion: Low prevalence of JCV infection in Iranian CRC population confirmed by the current study results; there was not any JCV positive result in CRC and healthy control groups. Further studies by broader and different populations are recommended.

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A STUDY OF LACTATION CURVES OF IMPORTED FRESIAN CATTLE IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v13i.2408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 137-139

Author(s):

J. A Ibwawuchi

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Tropical Environment ◽

Veterinary Research Institute ◽

Veterinary Research ◽

Friesian Cattle ◽

National Veterinary Research Institute ◽

Research Institute

In 586 .iortrial laciabons of 150 Friesian cattle maintained at the National Veterinary' Research institute, Vom, from 1968 to 1983. Maximum milk production ,was attained in the fifth week of lactation. The fourth and sixth lactation curves showed superiority over the first, second, third and fifth. The curves apparently indicate that culling of unproductive animals before the 6th lactation could be economically unreasonable.

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Laboratory diagnosis of 37 cases of Bartonella endocarditis based on enzyme immunoassay and real-time PCR

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.02217-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lev Shapira ◽

Michal Rasis ◽

Inbal Binsky Ehrenreich ◽

Yasmin Maor ◽

Eugene A. Katchman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Heart Valves ◽

Q Fever ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Complete Agreement ◽

Pcr Assay

Bartonella spp., mostly B. quintana and B. henselae, are a common cause of culture-negative endocarditis. Serology, using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and PCR performed on cardiac tissues are the mainstays of diagnosis. We developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a novel multiplex real-time PCR assay, utilizing Bartonella genus-specific, B. henselae-specific and B. quintana-specific SimpleProbe probes, for diagnosis of Bartonella endocarditis. We aimed to evaluate the performance of these assays. Thirty-seven patients with definite endocarditis, 18 with B. henselae, 18 with B. quintana and one with B. koehlerae were studied. Diagnosis was confirmed by conventional PCR and DNA sequencing of surgical cardiac specimens. Similarly to IFA, anti-Bartonella IgG titers ≥1:800 were found in 94% of patients by EIA; cross-reactivity between B. henselae and B. quintana precluded species-specific serodiagnosis, and frequent (41%) but low-titer cross-reactivity between Coxiella burnetii antibodies and B. henselae antigen was found in patients with Q fever endocarditis. Low-titer (1:100) cross-reactivity was uncommonly found also in patients with brucellosis and culture-positive endocarditis, particularly Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis. Real-time PCR performed on explanted heart valves/vegetations was in complete agreement with results of sequence-based diagnosis with characteristic melting curves. The genus-specific probe identified five additional endocarditis-associated Bartonella spp. at the genus level. In conclusion, EIA coupled with a novel real-time PCR assay can play an important role in Bartonella endocarditis diagnosis and expand the diagnostic arsenal at the disposal of the clinical microbiologist. Since serology remains a major diagnostic tool, recognizing its pitfalls is essential to avoid incorrect diagnosis.

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Serologic and Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Layer Flocks in South Marmara Region of Turkey

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2021/v21i1030390 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 29-37

Author(s):

Elçin Günaydın ◽

Özlem Kardoğan ◽

Gülşen Goncagül ◽

Yavuz Çokal

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽

Marmara Region ◽

Time Loss ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Primary Screening ◽

Pooled Samples

Background: Due to the economic impacts of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in poultry, it is essential to have a fast, reliable and accurate diagnostic test to diagnose the infection. Aims: It was aimed to examine the presence of MG in the South Marmara Region of Turkey where extensive commercial layer flocks exist by RPA, ELISA and real-time PCR. Materials and Methods: In the study, 981 sera and 160 tracheal swab samples (20 swabs per each flock) obtained from eight layer flocks were examined for the presence of MG-antibody by RPA, ELISA, and the presence of MG by real-time PCR, respectively. Results: MG-seropositive flock rate was determined to be 100% by RPA. Twenty-three of the RPA positive sera in each flock LA, LB, LC, LD, LF, LG, and 17 RPA positive sera in flock LE (due to 17 positive RPA sera obtained) were examined for the presence of MG antibody by ELISA, and MG-seropositive flock rate was determined to be 87.5%. As a result of the examination of a total of 32 tracheal swab samples (20 swabs perflock/5 swabs=4 pooled samples, 8 flocksX4 pooled samples= 32 samples) for the presence of MG, real-time PCR positive flock rate was found to be 75%. Conclusion: To decide the flock whether it is infected or not and the initiate effective preventive measures against MG infection as soon as possible; serology should be applied simultaneously with bacteriology and/or PCR to prevent time loss due to shortcomings of serological tests used as primary screening test such as cross reactions, sensitivity and specificity problems.

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