scholarly journals Comparison of plasma corticosterone concentration, muscle fibre diameter, and apoptotic markers between normal and pale, soft, exudative (PSE) turkey breast muscles

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 6007-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAGDALENA GÓRSKA ◽  
DOROTA WOJTYSIAK
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Apoptotic Markers ◽  
Pse Meat

The increasing production potential of birds is correlated with a lower health and immune potential, resulting in the appearance of numerous meat quality defects. The greatest concern for gallinaceous poultry (chickens and turkeys) is PSE meat, which is characterized by light colour, soft texture and a reduced water-binding capacity. The aim of the study was to compare plasma corticosterone concentration, muscle fibre diameter, and the apoptotic markers between normal and pale, soft, exudative (PSE) turkey breast muscles. The results show, that the PSE group is characterized by a significantly higher plasma corticosterone concentration and a significantly greater muscle fibre diameter at 30 min post mortem compared to the normal group. The time of refrigerated storage (4°C) of meat contributes significantly to reducing muscle fibre diameter in the PSE group at 24 h post mortem compared to 30 min post mortem. Additionally, the results obtain showed that the caspase-3 activity at 30 min post mortem increased significantly in the turkey breast muscles of PSE compared with the normal group. Moreover, the PSE group demonstrated the higher apoptotic potential measured in the breast muscle of turkey compared with the normal group. It is stated from the obtained results that the incidence of PSE meat in turkeys may be associated with their higher susceptibility to stress factors and stressinduced pathological states.

Effects of progesterone induced postmaturity on CBG and pituitary-adrenal activities in the rat foetus

1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Paul Dupouy ◽  
Alain Chatelain
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Severe Jaundice ◽  
High Level ◽  
Subsequent Rise

Abstract. CBG and pituitary-adrenal activities were investigated in intact rat foetuses, in newborns spontaneously delivered by vaginal way and in postmature foetuses from mothers with delayed parturition caused by daily progesterone injection from day 20 of gestation. The postmature foetuses had lower body weights and higher adrenal weights on day 22, 23 and 24 of gestation than newborns of the same conceptional age. The corticosterone binding capacity of the plasma as well as the binding capacity of CBG for corticosterone decreased in intact foetuses for the last 3 days of gestation and stayed very low in pups from day 0 to day 8 postpartum. These parameters decreased more slowly in postmature foetuses; however, the differences between the latter and intact foetuses or newborns were not statistically significant. Similar evolution occurred in intact pregnant and suckling females as well as in females with prolonged gestation. The fall in CBG activity in normal rat pups and the subsequent rise in free steroids could explain a sharp decrease in plasma ACTH levels as well as the drop in adrenal and plasma corticosterone concentration. In foetuses with prolonged gestation, the same phenomenon did not occur. Stress conditions produced by maintaining growing foetuses in utero and the development of severe jaundice maintained high ACTH levels. In contrast, the fall in adrenal and plasma corticosterone concentrations in spite of the high level of circulating ACTH could be mainly due to the progesterone inhibition of the steroidogenic activity of the foetal adrenals.

Dissociation of adrenal corticosteroid production from ACTH in water-restricted female rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. R21-R24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Doell ◽  
M. F. Dallman ◽  
R. B. Clayton ◽  
G. D. Gray ◽  
S. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Acth Concentration

These experiments were undertaken to investigate the mechanism whereby a precipitous drop in plasma corticosterone concentration is brought about following drinking in rats on a restricted water schedule. No alteration in adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) output was found, nor was catabolism of corticosterone sufficient to account for the drop. It is concluded that corticosterone level is controlled under these conditions by a mechanism independent of ACTH concentration.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF PITUITARY AND PLASMA CORTICOTROPHIN AND PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE IN ADRENALECTOMIZED AND STRESSED, ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA C. BUCKINGHAM ◽  
J. R. HODGES
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Rise ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
Corticosterone Treatment ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

SUMMARY Changes in pituitary and plasma corticotrophin (ACTH), estimated by redox bioassay, were correlated with changes in plasma corticosterone in adrenalectomized rats, with and without corticosterone treatment, before and after exposure to stress. After adrenalectomy, the plasma ACTH concentration was persistently increased. The pituitary ACTH content declined and then increased markedly. These changes were prevented by physiological doses of corticosteroids. Stress caused only a small rise in the plasma ACTH concentration in intact and sham-operated rats but a marked increase in adrenalectomized animals. This exaggerated response was reduced to normal by physiological doses of corticosterone. Prolonged treatment with higher doses of corticosterone was necessary to abolish completely the adrenocorticotrophic response to stress. However, one injection of the steroid, in a dose sufficient to raise the plasma corticosterone concentration to a similar level, did not impair the stress-induced release of ACTH. The results suggest that the synthesis and the basal release of ACTH are directly controlled by the concentration of corticosteroid in the blood, but the corticosteroids exert only a delayed effect in modulating the stress-induced release of the hormone.

Adrenocortical function in aging exercise-trained rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Severson ◽  
R. D. Fell ◽  
J. G. Tuig ◽  
D. R. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Plasma corticosterone concentrations and in vitro adrenal secretion of corticosterone were determined in exercise-trained rats. Rats, 100, 200, and 300 days of age, were trained for a 10-wk period by treadmill running. Following the training program, rats were subjected to an acute bout of swimming. Acute swimming elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations in all age groups. At 170 days of age, the plasma corticosterone concentration following swimming was higher in exercise-trained rats than in controls. The opposite was true of acutely swum rats at 270 and 370 days of age. Acute swimming elevated the in vitro adrenal gland response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in control rats at all ages and in trained rats at 170 days of age. The in vivo relationship of epinephrine and the pituitary adrenal system is suggested as a mechanism which could have caused this response. The relationship of secretion rates to plasma corticosterone concentrations indicated that extra-adrenal mechanisms, such as decreased turnover, were also responsible for the elevated plasma corticosterone levels observed in response to acute swimming.

scholarly journals Post-synaptic morphology of mouse neuromuscular junctions is linked to muscle fibre type

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra M. Mech ◽  
Anna-Leigh Brown ◽  
Giampietro Schiavo ◽  
James N. Sleigh
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Muscle Fibre Type ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Muscle Fibres

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the highly specialised peripheral synapse formed between lower motor neuron terminals and muscle fibres. Post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which are found in high density in the muscle membrane, bind to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft of the NMJ, ultimately facilitating the conversion of motor action potentials to muscle contractions. NMJs have been studied for many years as a general model for synapse formation, development and function, and are known to be early sites of pathological changes in many neuromuscular diseases. However, information is limited on the diversity of NMJs in different muscles, whether muscle fibre type impacts NMJ morphology and growth, and the relevance of these parameters to neuropathology. Here, this crucial gap was addressed using a robust and standardised semi-automated workflow called NMJ-morph to quantify features of pre- and post-synaptic NMJ architecture in an unbiased manner. Five wholemount muscles from wild-type mice were dissected and compared at immature (post-natal day, P7) and early adult (P31-32) timepoints. Post-synaptic AChR morphology was found to be more variable between muscles than that of the motor neuron terminal and there were greater differences in the developing NMJ than at the mature synapse. Post-synaptic architecture, but not neuronal morphology or post-natal synapse growth, correlates with fibre type and is largely independent of muscle fibre diameter. Counter to previous observations, this study indicates that smaller NMJs tend to innervate muscles with higher proportions of fast twitch fibres and that NMJ growth rate is not conserved across all muscles. Furthermore, healthy pre- and post-synaptic NMJ morphological parameters were collected for five anatomically and functionally distinct mouse muscles, generating reference data that will be useful for the future assessment of neuromuscular disease models.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Relation between wool fineness and muscle fibre diameter in the sheep.

1966 ◽  
Vol 1966 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Kazuo SUGAI ◽  
Yoshikatsu NAITO
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Diameter

Effect of melittin on pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to stress

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon D. Dunn ◽  
Jerald J. Killion
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Sustained Increase

Abstract. We previously have shown that melittin evokes a sustained increase in plasma corticosterone levels of the female rat. Significant increases occurred only during the morning and the duration of the response was increased from 48 h to 8 days by a second milittin injection 3 days after initial exposure to melittin. To further evaluate the effect of melittin on adrenocortical function, rats were given melittin at 09.00 h on days 1 and 4 and on day 8 rats were subjected to a variety of different stresses. Saline-injected rats served as controls. Blood for determining non-stress and stress levels of corticosterone concentration (RIA) was collected by decapitation. In all cases morning but not afternoon non-stress plasma corticosterone levels of melittin-injected rats were higher than those of saline-injected controls; afternoon non-stress corticosterone levels did not differ between groups. Melittin- and saline-treated rats showed comparable corticosterone responses to a morning 2-min restraint stress. In contrast, melittin treatment facilitated the pituitary-adrenal response to rotational and surgical stress as well as the stress of removing one rat from a cage of two. Fifteen min after removal of the first rat of a cage of two, plasma corticosterone levels of the melittin-injected rat were significantly higher than those of saline-injected rats. Likewise, plasma corticosterone levels of melittin-treated rats were higher (P < 0.05) than those of saline-injected rats 15 min after rotational (10 rpm) and surgical (jugular cutdown and blood withdrawal) stress. Collectively these data indicate that exposure to melittin (and/or the resulting increase in morning corticosterone levels) may have a significant influence on the pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to stress.

THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THE METABOLISM OF ADRENAL STEROIDS IN THE PIGEON (COLUMBA LIVIA)

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
MO YIN CHAN ◽  
E. L. BRADLEY ◽  
W. N. HOLMES
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Fractions

SUMMARY The distribution and disappearance of radioactivity after the intravenous administration of [1,2-3H]corticosterone and [1,2-3H]aldosterone to the pigeon were studied according to one- and two-compartment model systems. The volume of distribution (AVD) of the total and methylene chlorideextractable radioactivity in the plasma of hypophysectomized pigeons injected with labelled corticosterone was significantly increased. Also the biological half-life (T½) of each radioactive fraction in plasma was significantly prolonged. No significant change in the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of labelled corticosterone was observed in the hypophysectomized pigeon. The AVD of the total and methylene chloride-extractable tritium in the plasma of the hypophysectomized pigeon injected with labelled aldosterone was unchanged but the T½ of both plasma fractions was significantly prolonged. The estimated MCR of labelled aldosterone was significantly diminished. The concentration of total fluorogenic corticosteroid in plasma from the chronically hypophysectomized pigeon was reduced to one-third of that in the sham-operated bird, and corticotrophin-replacement therapy restored the concentration to normal. After hypophysectomy, the plasma corticosterone concentration was reduced to 20% of the concentration in the sham-operated birds, and replacement therapy with corticotrophin again restored the plasma levels to normal. Estimation of the endogenous corticosterone secretory rates indicated that chronic hypophysectomy was accompanied by a decline commensurate with the reduction in the plasma corticosterone concentration.

Interleukin 1 stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. E65-E70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Gwosdow ◽  
M. S. Kumar ◽  
H. H. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Induced Changes

The effect of varying doses of purified human interleukin 1 (IL-1) on rectal temperature (Tr), hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), pituitary and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and plamsa corticosterone was examined in intact male rats at 24 degrees C; plasma ACTH and corticosterone responses were also studied in hypophysectomized rats. In addition, IL-1-induced changes in corticosterone concentration were investigated by means of adrenal organ cultures. Tr was measured with thermocouples. CRH and ACTH levels were determined by radioimmunoassay, and corticosterone by protein-binding assay. Intravenous administration of IL-1 (0.063-1.0 ng) resulted in hyperthermia, which began 20 min postinjection and continued for an additional 30 min. IL-1 at a dose of 0.5 ng resulted in no change in hypothalamic CRH, pituitary ACTH, or plasma ACTH levels compared with saline-treated rats. Plasma corticosterone was significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated 30 min after IL-1 administration and returned to control levels after 1 h. The higher dose of IL-1 (1.0 ng) did not affect hypothalamic CRH content, but pituitary ACTH began to rise at 15 min and was significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated 30 min after injection. Rats receiving this dose displayed elevated (P less than 0.05) plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels 30 and 60 min postinjection. No change in plasma corticosterone was observed in hypophysectomized rats administered either 1 ng of IL-1 or 1 microgram of recombinant IL-1 beta (rIL-1 beta); adrenal organ cultures treated with IL-1 (10(-11) M) responded similarly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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