scholarly journals Efficiency of ethanol and hexane extraction of sunflower oil from seeds of plants inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and fertilized with sewage sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Fernanda Raimundo ◽  
Thainá Aparecida Rafael Silva ◽  
Ana Maria Da Silva ◽  
Otavio Akira Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Sludge Application

Helianthus annuuss L. is an annual oilseed crop that grows well in various types of soil. Sunflower oil can be used for several purposes, including human consumption, biodiesel production, and as an ingredient in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products. Sewage sludge application can provide essential nutrients for plant development. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of ethanol and hexane in extracting sunflower oil and assess the effects of sewage sludge application and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on sunflower oil yield. Sunflower oil was obtained from dried ground seeds by Soxhlet extraction. Thrity-eigth samples were used and the experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design. Each treatment had four repetitions. The following doses were applied: 0 (control); 5,000; 10,000; 20,000; and 40,000 kg/ha sewage sludge. Seeds were either inoculated (150 mL per 50 kg of seed) or not. Hexane and ethanol did not differ in extraction efficiency. The seeds inoculated with the bacteria and the presence of sewage sludge showed a higher yield, being 42% with higher doses of sewage sludge. The results show that ethanol, an environmentally friendly and sustainable solvent, is as efficient in extracting sunflower oil as hexane. Sludge fertilization and inoculation of sunflower with A. brasilense improve oil yield, probably by enhancing nitrogen fixation and uptake. The results show that ethanol, an environmentally friendly and sustainable solvent, is as efficient in extracting sunflower oil as hexane. Sludge fertilization and inoculation of sunflower with A. brasilense improve oil yield, probably by enhancing nitrogen fixation and uptake.

scholarly journals Effect of spatial arrangement on the production components and yield of sunflower

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra ◽  
João Bosco Pitombeira
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crop Cycle

ABSTRACT The sunflower plant is an oilseed crop that has aroused a great interest in the Brazilian and international scenery especillay because of the possibility of using its oil for biodiesel production. The objective of this study was to evaluate productivity and yield components of Embrapa 122 sunflower according to the spatial arrangement. Treatments were arranged in 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, which are the four spacings between rows (0.30; 0.50; 0.70 and 0.90 m) and four sowing densities (30,000; 45,000; 60,000 and 75,000 plants ha-1). The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the Plant Science Department in Fortaleza, State of Ceará-Brazil and on the Curu Vale Experimental Farm in Pentecoste, State of Ceará-Brazil. Productivity and the following production components were analyzed in the end of the crop cycle: harvested capitula, capitulum diameter, capitulum mass, achene mass per capitulum, mass of 100 achenes, achenes per capitulum, harvest index and oil content in the achenes. The experiments were analyzed jointly in relation to the cropping area and the data submitted to analysis of variance and quantitative factors tested by polynomial regression. The variables, spacing, density and cropping area did not interact with these variables and the spatial arrangement of the plants affected only the components. The cropping area influences the productive behavior of sunflower Embrapa 122. The spatial arrangement of the plants of sunflower of variety Embrapa 122 influences yield components but does not affect productivity.

scholarly journals Micronutrients accumulation under pearl millet-wheat cropping system in response of salinity levels amended with sewage sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1641-1647
Author(s):  
Mr. Ankush ◽  
◽  
R. Prakash ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
Sachin Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Sludge Application

Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge and saline water irrigation on micronutrients concentration in pearl millet- wheat cropping system. Methodology: The trial was conducted during 2017-2019 at Soil Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Haryana in a factorial random block design with three replications. There were three salinity levels of irrigation water, i.e., canal water (0.35 dS m-1), 8 and 10 dS m-1 EC of saline water; and five fertilization levels, i.e., control (no fertilizer), sewage sludge(5 t ha-1), SS (5 t ha-1) + 50% RDF, SS (5 t ha-1) + 75% RDF and 100 % RDF. However, sewage sludge was applied in Rabi seasons only. Results: Based on pooled analysis of two years, micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Cu) concentration in grain and stover/straw of pearl millet and wheat crops significantly reduced on application of saline water irrigation (ECiw 8 and 10 dS m-1) whereas, Zn concentration was non significantly affected with salinity levels. However, highest concentration of Fe, Mn and Cu was recorded with canal water irrigation. There was a significant increase in micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Cu) concentration in both crops with sewage sludge application in comparison of RDF and control treatments but in case of zinc treatment SS (5 t ha-1) + 75% RDF and 100% RDF were at par with each other. Among treatments, significantly higher concentration of micronutrients was recorded with SS (5 t ha-1) + 75% RDF treatment being at par with SS (5 t ha-1) + 50% RDF. Interpretation: Salinity affects micronutrient availability adversely. However, zinc content was not affected significantly. In such case, sewage sludge application may prove a feasible option that serves as a supplement of nutrients as well as sorting out the problem of dumping waste.

scholarly journals Biomass and Yield of Peanut Grown on Tropical Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge Contaminated with Lead

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fábio Camilotti ◽  
Alysson Roberto Baizi e Silva ◽  
Marcos Omir Marques
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Lead ◽  
Sludge Application

Application of sewage sludge with high lead (Pb) contents may pollute soils and contaminate crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate peanut responses to application of sewage sludge with varying Pb contents in order to supply phosphorus (P) to the plant. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with peanut grown on soil sample from a medium-textured Haplustox. Treatments were arranged in 3 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme, replicated three times, distributed in randomized block design, and consisted of: three Pb rates applied to soil with sewage sludge (3, 21, and 42 mg kg−1) × two times of sewage sludge application (30 days before peanut sowing and at the day of the sowing) + mineral fertilization + control (without sewage sludge and mineral fertilization). Sewage sludge was efficient to supply P to peanut. Sewage sludge containing high rates of Pb, when applied, did not harm biomass and yield of the plant, but increased HCl-extractable Pb in soil and Pb content in shoot, roots, and pod husks. Increase of Pb content in pod husks may represent contamination risk of kernels and their products with fragments from husks detached during manipulation or industrial processing of peanuts.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge as nitrogen and phosphorus source for cane-plant and first ratoon crops

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademir Franco ◽  
Cassio Hamilton Abreu Junior ◽  
Dilermando Perecin ◽  
Fernando Carvalho Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Ribeiro Granja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Stalk Yield ◽  
Sludge Application

The use of sewage sludge in Brazilian agriculture was regulated by the resolution no. 375 Conama, in 2006. However, there is a lack of research to adequate the mineral N and P fertilizer doses to be applied in agricultural fields treated with this residue. In a field experiment, the effects of application rates of sewage sludge and mineral N and P fertilizers on the productivity and technical characteristics of the cane-plant and first ratoon (residual effect) crops were evaluated. Four doses of sewage sludge (0, 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 t ha-1, dry base), of N (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and of P2O5 (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) were combined in a factorial and laid out on randomized block design, a with two replications. To evaluate the residual effect of the sludge, 120 kg ha-1 N and 140 kg ha-1 of K2O were applied in all plots. Sludge application at cane planting, with or without N and/or P fertilizer increased the stalk yield from 84 up to 118 t ha-1, with no alteration in the sugarcane quality, compared with the application of NPK fertilizer alone, resulting in a stalk yield of 91 t ha-1. The study of the response surface for stalk yield on lowfertility soil was the basis for a recommendation of mineral N and P fertilizer doses for sugarcane implantation as related to sewage sludge application rates. It was also concluded that a sludge application of 10.8 t ha-1, which is the sludge dose established based on the N criterion according to the resolution Conama nº 375, could a) reduce the use of mineral N by 100 % and of P2O5 by 30 %, with increments of 22 % in stalk yield, as a direct effect of sludge application to cane plant crop, and b) increase the stalk yield in the second harvest (first ratoon) by up to 12 % and sugar yield by up to 11 %, by the residual effect of sludge application to sugar cane.

scholarly journals Technical and economic viability of co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in soybean cultivars in the Cerrado

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatier Buzetti ◽  
Mariana G. Z. Ludkiewicz ◽  
Poliana A. L. Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

ABSTRACT Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) efficiency can be increased by co-inoculation with bradyrhizobia and Azospirillum brasilense, allowing even greater uptake of water and nutrients, leading to higher yields. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic viability of soybean in the Cerrado, according to the cultivars and co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, in no-tillage system, in Oxisol, arranged in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme with two cultivars (‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’), with and without co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the seed. Co-inoculation with A. brasilense increases grain yield in the cultivars ‘Potência’ and ‘Valiosa’, being economically viable. However, using the cultivar ‘Potência’ co-inoculated led to the highest profitability.

BIOCATALYST FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PROCESSES OF ORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Tsitologiya ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-571
Author(s):  
A. I. Sidorenko ◽  
◽  
A. V. Sklyarenko ◽  
S. V. Yarotsky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Biodiesel Production

scholarly journals SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN A CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEM WITH Azospirillum brasilense INOCULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MARCOS DA SILVA BRUM ◽  
THOMAS NEWTON MARTIN ◽  
VINÍCIUS SANTOS DA CUNHA ◽  
LUIZ FERNANDO TELEKEN GRANDO ◽  
ALEX TAGLIAPIETRA SCHONELL
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Livestock System

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomorphological parameters of soybean in a crop-livestock system inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, for two agricultural years (2 Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author. 012/2013 and 2013/2014) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the winter, the black oat and ryegrass pasture was managed with sheep under different grazing systems: (I) - a conventional grazing (CG) system, where the animals remained in the pasture throughout the experimental period without any pasture height control; (II, III, and IV) - systems with post-grazing pasture heights of 10, 20, and 30 cm, respectively; and (NG) - one control without grazing. All treatments received two nitrogen doses (50 and 100 kg ha-1) and inoculation or no inoculation (A. brasilense). The soybean cultivar BMX Potência RR was sown using no-tillage on 16 November 2012 and 1 December 2013. In each plot, seven rows of plants with spacing of 0.45 m were used, and in four rows, the seeds were inoculated with the bacterium A. brasilense. The phytomorphological variables and grain productivity were evaluated. In a croplivestock system, soybean has better productivity when established on black oat and ryegrass pasture managed with post-grazing pasture heights of between 20 and 30 cm. Areas under conventional grazing in the winter led to smaller soybean plants with lower first and last pod heights. Inoculation with A. brasilense should not be used alone in soybean cultivation.

scholarly journals Attributes of the soil fertilized with sewage sludge and calcium and magnesium silicate

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo R. Zuba Junio ◽  
Regynaldo A. Sampaio ◽  
Altina L. Nascimento ◽  
Luiz A. Fernandes ◽  
Natália N. de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sludge Compost ◽  
Sewage Sludge Compost ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of an Inceptisol cultivated with castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), variety ‘BRS Energia’, fertilized with sewage sludge compost and calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) silicate. The experiment was conducted at the ICA/UFMG, in a randomized block design, using a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with three replicates, and the treatments consisted of two doses of Ca-Mg silicate (0 and 1 t ha-1) and four doses of sewage sludge compost (0, 23.81, 47.62 and 71.43 t ha-1, on dry basis). Soil organic matter (OM), pH, sum of bases (SB), effective cation exchange capacity (CEC(t)), total cation exchange capacity (CEC(T)), base saturation (V%) and potential acidity (H + Al) were evaluated. There were no significant interactions between doses of sewage sludge compost and doses of Ca-Mg silicate on soil attributes, and no effect of silicate fertilization on these attributes. However, fertilization with sewage sludge compost promoted reduction in pH and increase in H + Al, OM and CEC. The dose of 71.43 t ha-1 of sewage sludge compost promoted the best soil chemical conditions.

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