scholarly journals AVANÇOS ANALÍTICOS BASEADOS EM MODELOS DE CALIBRAÇÃO DE PRIMEIRA ORDEM E ESPECTROSCOPIA UV-VIS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA: UMA REVISÃO - PARTE 1

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazielle Santos ◽  
Gabriela Paulino ◽  
Grazielle Borges ◽  
Aníbal Santiago ◽  
Gilmare Silva

ANALYTICAL ADVANCES BASED ON FIRST-ORDER CALIBRATION MODELS AND UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY: A REVIEW – PART 1. This work aimed to infer about the scientific progress of the use of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry for evaluations of water quality. The research started in the 60s, when the imminence of obtaining characteristics of the UV-Vis spectrum that estimated the water quality. From a temporal perspective, the 1990s began using first order multivariate calibration models, focus of this work, to predict water quality parameters utilizing the UV-Vis spectra. During the period evaluated, numerous studies used spectrophotometry to quantify analytes using univariate calibration. However, many works also report the fact that the determined substances absorb at the same wavelengths and describe how to resolve these interferences. But gaps such as low concentration determinations are still a bottleneck as the best results, for example, are related to high amounts of organic matter, fact also related to instrumental aspects. One of the gains was the introduction of chemometric approaches which allows quantification without the need of analytical curve construction during the prediction step. However, although they are already used techniques, the survey carried out here verified the applications are considered incipient, where, for example, dissolved organic carbon and nitrate predictions using first order multivariate calibration represent less than 30% of the determinations.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Vega Chrisnawati ◽  
Boedi Setya Rahardja ◽  
Woro Hastuti Satyantini

Water quality is a major factor in shrimp culture so maintenance that water quality system is the key factor of success of white shrimp culture. This research was conducted to determine the commercial probiotic on white shrimp (L. vannamei) culture media to decrease ammonia content and TOM. Research method used experimental testwithdifferent type of probiotic and giving periodic which are P0 (without probiotic). Probiotic A; P1 (3 days), P2 (5 days) and P3 (7 days). Probiotic B; P4 (3 days), P5 (5 days) and P6 (7 days). Probiotic C; P7 (3 days), P8 (5 days) and P9 (7 days).The results showed that probiotic bacteria influence the content of ammonia and total organic matter culture media of white shrimp. The lowest ammonia obtained in P4 (Probiotic B 3 days) is 0.05 mg/L and TOM is 53,72 mg/L in last week.The highest ammoniaand TOM in P0 (Control). All treatments with addition of probiotic give lowers ammonia in culture media. Survival Rate (SR) in P4 give significantly different results (P <0.05) to P0. Other water quality parameters measured during maintenance among other 27-30oC temperature, pH 7.0 to 7.9, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) from 3.1 to 7.6 mg/l and 15-19 ppt salinity.


Author(s):  
Marta Sória ◽  
Vitor Emanuel Quevedo Tavares ◽  
Marília Alves Brito Pinto ◽  
Lizete Stumpf ◽  
Daiane Zarnott ◽  
...  

Water-quality monitoring is one of the main instruments for water-resource management. This work therefore evaluated the water quality of the contribution basin of the Sinnott water treatment plant as well as the relationship between physicochemical water parameters, and analyzed the seasonal variation of water quality parameters as a function of rainfall. The study area encompassed the contribution basin of the Sinnott water treatment plant, formed mainly by the drainage areas of the Pelotas stream and its tributary, the Quilombo Stream, located in the city of Pelotas - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A set of 118,368 data points for each stream was analyzed between 2007 and 2012. The following water quality parameters were evaluated: turbidity, temperature, color, pH, hardness, dissolved oxygen, organic matter, and alkalinity. Results showed that dissolved oxygen and water pH values conformed with Brazilian legislation in the 6 years evaluated. However, water color was the parameter that remained the greatest number of days above the set limits, mainly in the Pelotas Stream. Result indicates the need for conservation actions in the catchment, especially considering the importance of color for the assessment of water quality for public supply, in terms of both treatment costs and of public health. Highest values for water color, turbidity, and organic matter coincided with the occurrence of the highest rainfall values. Agricultural activities may potentiate sedimentation in the contribution basin of the Sinnott water treatment plant.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Aprilia Dwi W ◽  
Djoko Suprapto ◽  
Agung Suryanto

ABSTRAKAktivitas pertambakan mengalami penurunan kualitas air tambak akibat dari masukan bahan organik terutama sisa pakan yang terbuang baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penumpukan bahan organik di dasar tambak secara terus menerus dapat mempengaruhi produktifitas tambak sehingga perlu diketahui proses dekomposisinya antar lokasi dan antar periode waktu. Keberlangsungan proses dekomposisi ditandai dengan nisbah C/N, dimana nisbah C/N yang tinggi menunjukkan kecilnya kandungan N (N-organik dan N-Amoniak) dan sebaliknya nisbah C/N yang rendah menunjukkan proses dekomposisi bakteri berjalan cepat menghasilkan N besar. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan nisbah C/N dengan total bakteri sedimen terkait antar lokasi dan antar waktu. Adapun manfaat yang diperoleh memberikan gambaran tentang tingkat dekomposisi berdasarkan nisbah C/N dengan total bakteri, sehingga dapat diketahui cara budidaya perairan yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September-Desember 2015 di desa Wonorejo, Kendal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Pengambilan sampel dan pengukuran parameter kualitas air dilakukan di 3 stasiun yaitu pada inlet, plataran, dan outlet yang dilakukan 3 kali pada rentang waktu 10 hari. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa nisbah C/N pada inlet 2.55-3.68%, pada plataran 3.62-3.79%, pada outlet 3-3.8% yang artinya terjadi mineralisasi N dan beberapa mikroba mati. Sedangkan total bakteri sedimen pada inlet 1.59×104-2.27×104 cfu, pada plataran 0.58×104-1.36×104 cfu, dan pada outlet 0.9×104-1.26×104 cfu. Uji korelasi antara nisbah C/N dan total bakteri sedimen menunjukan yang kurang signifikan. Pertumbuhan bakteri lebih dipengaruhi oleh C-organik. Kata Kunci : Nisbah C/N, Total Bakteri Sedimen, Tambak ABSTRACTCulture activity can  decreased water quality because of the organic matter input, especially because the rest of feet left in pond. Accumulation of organic materi on the pond bottom continuously can affect the productivity of the pond so keep in mind the process of decomposition between sites and between periods of time. The continuity of decomposing process is marked by the C/N ration, where the high of C/N indicates the small amount of Nitrogen (N-Organic and N-Ammonia). On the contrary, the low ratio of C/N shows the bacteria decomposing process runs fast and produce a large amount of N. The purpose of this research was to understand the relationship between the C/N ratio and  total sedimental bacterias linked between location and over time. The benefits is to give description of the decomposing level based on the C/N ratio and total sedimental bacterias, so that understand the method of water cultivation that is biodegradable and sustainable. The research have done on September-December 2015 at Wonorejo, Kendal. This research use purposive method of sampling random. Sampling and measurement the sediment and water quality parameters is done in 3 stations; they are inlet, plataran, and outlet, which is done three times in range 10 days. The Results of the study show that the C/N ratio at the inlet from 2.55 to 3.68, from 3.62 to 3.79 plataran, on outlets from 3 to 3.8, which means there mineralized N and some microba die. While total bacteria at inlet 1.59 × 104 to 2.27 × 104 cfu, on plataran 0.58 × 104 to 1.36 × 104 cfu, and on outlets from 0.9 × 104 to 1.26 × 104 cfu. Correlation between C/N ratio and total bacteria sediment showed less significant. Bacterial growth is more affected by C-organic.Keywords: C/N ratio, Total Bacteria Sediment, Fishpond


2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 962-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Binghui Zheng

This study applied parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to fluorescence excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) of natural water samples in a freshly submerged catchment in the upper reach of Three Gorges Dam (China). Two fluorescent natural dissolved organic matter (NDOM) components (humic/fulvic-like) were uncovered and were positively correlated with selected water quality parameters, i.e. dissolved oxygen concentration, dissolved organic carbon concentration, dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration and total (dissolved plus particulate) phosphorus concentration, respectively. To other water quality parameters (i.e. total nitrogen, particulate nitrogen, particulate phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, dissolved nitrate, pH, and chemical oxygen demand), either the two components did not show any correlation or only one component showed correlation. In particular, particulate N correlated significantly to the fulvic acid, but not to the humic acid. Meanwhile, two conventional spectroscopic indices i.e. specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) and fluorescence index (FI) indicated that the whole NDOM in the waters were low in aromaticity and predominantly derived from aquatic microbial processes. Given together, it concludes that N and P did not function equally in the NDOM production, and the two components were not derived from the same microbial processes. The EEMs-PARAFAC has proven to be of potential as an effective tool in investigation of the interlink between NDOM and nutrients which may be utilized as an indicator of water environment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6874
Author(s):  
Yuchen Guo ◽  
Chunhong Liu ◽  
Rongke Ye ◽  
Qingling Duan

Water resources are closely linked to human productivity and life. Owing to the deteriorating water resources environment, accurate and rapid determination of the main water quality parameters has become a current research hotspot. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy offers an effective tool for qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of contaminants in a water environment. In this review, the principle and application of UV-Vis technology in water quality detection were studied. The principle of UV-Vis spectroscopy for detecting water quality parameters and the method of modeling and analysis of spectral data were presented. Various UV-Vis technologies for water quality detection were reviewed according to the types of pollutants, such as chemical oxygen demand, heavy metal ions, nitrate nitrogen, and dissolved organic carbon. Finally, the future development of UV-Vis spectroscopy for the determination of water quality was discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2589-2602
Author(s):  
Wen Ao ◽  
Hua-shan Dou ◽  
Cen-cen Yu ◽  
Wen-lin Wang ◽  
Zeng-long Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Being the largest boreal steppe lake in Northeast China, Hulun Lake has been characterized by eutrophication induced by abnormally high organic matter. This work investigated therefore the physicochemical and water quality parameters of Hulun Lake, and that of the inflowing Crulen River and Orshen River through winter, to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of water quality without impact of algal bloom, atmospheric deposition, wind or allochthonous nutrient input. Results showed that the prevention of wind-induced sedimentary resuspension accompanied with the minimized volume of tributary inflows is supposed to predominate the eutrophication alleviation. The formation of ice cover had a slight concentrative effect on water ion content. However, ice cover resulted in an increasingly homogenous distribution of phosphorus and oxygen-depleting organic matter over the entire lake. The two headwater streams demonstrated limited impact on water quality in estuaries in winter without showing evident coordination in upstream water nutrient level. It is suggested that the prevention of wind disturbance by ice cover and the subsequently modified hydrodynamic and water ecological processes are the determinant factors on water quality in Hulun Lake during winter.


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