Potential enzyme activity of thermophilic bacteria from hot spring in Egypt

Chitinase is an extracellular enzyme which is capable in hydrolyzing insoluble chitin to its oligomeric and monomeric components. The enzyme produced by thermophilic bacteria was screened and isolated from Sulili hot spring in Pinrang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The gram positive spore forming rod shape bacteria was identified as Bacillus sp. HSA,3-1a through morphological and physiological analysis. The production of chitinase enzyme was conducted at various concentration of colloidal chitin at a pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 55 °C. The bacteria optimally was produced the enzyme at a colloidal chitin concentration of 0.5% after 72 h of incubation. The optimum temperature, pH and substrate concentration of chitinase were 60 °C, 7.0 and 0.3%, respectively. The enzyme was stable at a pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 60 °C after 2 h of incubation. The chitinase activities was increased by addition of 1 mM Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions, whereas the activities were decreased by 1 mM Co2+, Fe2+ and Zn2 ions. The molecular weight of the crude enzyme was determined using SDS-PAGE analysis. Five protein fractions were obtained from SDS-PAGE, with MWs of 79, 71, 48, 43 and 22 kDa. Keywords: colloidal chitin, thermophilic bacteria, chitinase

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Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity Measured on Seafloor Exposed Basalts from Loihi Seamount Indicate the Importance of Basalts to Global Biogeochemical Cycling

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01038-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (16) ◽

pp. 4854-4864 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Myrna E. Jacobson Meyers ◽

Jason B. Sylvan ◽

Katrina J. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽

Extracellular Enzyme ◽

Basaltic Rock ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

Shelf Sediments ◽

Potential Enzyme Activity

ABSTRACTSeafloor basalts are widely distributed and host diverse prokaryotic communities, but no data exist concerning the metabolic rates of the resident microbial communities. We present here potential extracellular enzyme activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) measured on basalt samples from different locations on Loihi Seamount, HI, coupled with analysis of prokaryotic biomass and pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The community maximum potential enzyme activity (Vmax) of LAP ranged from 0.47 to 0.90 nmol (g rock)−1h−1; theVmaxfor AP was 28 to 60 nmol (g rock)−1h−1. TheKmof LAP ranged from 26 to 33 μM, while theKmfor AP was 2 to 7 μM. Bacterial communities on Loihi basalts were comprised primarily ofAlpha-,Delta-, andGammaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, andPlanctomycetes. The putative ability to produce LAP is evenly distributed across the most commonly detected bacterial orders, but the ability to produce AP is likely dominated by bacteria in the ordersXanthomonadales,Flavobacteriales, andPlanctomycetales. The enzyme activities on Loihi basalts were compared to those of other marine environments that have been studied and were found to be similar in magnitude to those from continental shelf sediments and orders of magnitude higher than any measured in the water column, demonstrating that the potential for exposed basalts to transform organic matter is substantial. We propose that microbial communities on basaltic rock play a significant, quantifiable role in benthic biogeochemical processes.

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Chemical composition of soil organic matter and potential enzyme activity in the topsoil along a moisture gradient in the High Arctic (Svalbard)

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 368 ◽

pp. 114304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ekaterina Pushkareva ◽

Kai-Uwe Eckhardt ◽

Vivien Hotter ◽

Aline Frossard ◽

Peter Leinweber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

High Arctic ◽

Moisture Gradient ◽

Potential Enzyme Activity

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Isolation and production of thermostable α-amylase from thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. KP1 from Diyadin hot spring in Ağri, Turkey

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0343-2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fatma Matpan Bekler ◽

Kemal Güven

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Casamino Acid ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Amylolytic Enzyme ◽

Amylase Production ◽

Physiological Tests

AbstractA novel amylolytic enzyme producing thermophilic bacterial strain KP1 from the Diyadin hot spring water in Ağri, Turkey, was isolated in the present study. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial 16S rRNA gene, biochemical and physiological tests revealed that the strain KP1 belongs to the genus Anoxybacillus. The pH and temperature optima for the α-amylase production by Anoxybacillus sp. KP1 were 8.0 and 50°C, respectively, where the maximum growth was obtained at the 28th hour of incubation and the highest α-amylase activity was obtained at the 40th hour of incubation (8979.6 U/mL). The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were 8.0 and 60°C, respectively. The maximum α-amylase production was secreted in the presence of 2% (w/v) soluble starch (10837.7 U/mL). Among the various organic and inorganic nitrogen sources tested, while keeping the beef extract concentration constant, casamino acid (14310.6 U/mL), urea (14126 U/mL), and tryptone (13217.2 U/mL) at a concentration of 2% gave the maximum α-amylase production. The enzyme activity was enhanced in the presence of 1.5 mM Mn2+ (123%), whereas it was strongly inhibited 1.5 mM by Hg2+. Inhibition by 89% was obtained also with sodium dodecyl sulphate (1%). The enzyme was found to be relatively stable at a range of pH and temperature.

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Phylogenetic Evidence for the Existence of Novel Thermophilic Bacteria in Hot Spring Sulfur-Turf Microbial Mats in Japan

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.9.3546b-3546b.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (9) ◽

pp. 3546-3546

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽

Akira Hiraishi ◽

Kenji Kato ◽

Hiroshi X. Chiura ◽

Yonosuke Maki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Mats ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Thermophilic Bacteria

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Regional enzyme development in rat brain. Enzymes associated with glucose utilization

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2180131 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 218 (1) ◽

pp. 131-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

S F Leong ◽

J B Clark

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Glycolytic Enzyme ◽

Glycolytic Potential ◽

Key Enzyme ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽

Potential Enzyme Activity ◽

The Brain

The development of key enzyme activities concerned with glucose metabolism was studied in six regions of the rat brain in animals from just before birth (-2 days) through the neonatal and suckling period until adulthood (60 days old). The brain regions studied were the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and pons, hypothalamus, striatum, mid-brain and cortex. The enzymes whose developmental patterns were investigated were hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49). Hexokinase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase activities develop as a single cluster in all the regions studied, although the timing of this development varies from region to region. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, however, declines relative to glycolytic enzyme activity as the brain matures. When the different brain regions are compared, it is clear that the medulla develops its glycolytic potential, as indicated by its potential enzyme activity, considerably earlier than the other regions (hypothalamus, striatum and mid-brain), with the cortex and cerebellar activities developing even later. This enzyme developmental sequence correlates well with the neurophylogenetic development of the brain and adds support to the hypothesis that the development of the potential for glycolysis in the brain is a necessary prerequisite for the development of neurological competence.

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Anoxybacillus sp. AH1, an α-amylase-producing thermophilic bacterium isolated from Dargeçit hot spring

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2015-0111 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ömer Acer ◽

Hemşe Pırınççiğlu ◽

Fatma Matpan Bekler ◽

Reyhan Gül-Güven

Keyword(s):

Hot Springs ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Thermophilic Bacteria ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Soluble Starch ◽

Thermophilic Bacterium ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Optimum Growth Temperature

AbstractThe present study was conducted to isolate α-amylase-producing thermophilic bacteria from Darge¸cit hot springs in Turkey. The morphological, biochemical and physiological characterisation, as well as genetic analysis by 16S rRNA sequences indicated that the isolated strain AH1 was a member of Anoxybacillus genus. The strain was aerobe, Gram-positive and spore-forming rod, exhibiting optimum growth temperature and pH of 60ºC and 7.0-7.5, respectively. Optimization of growth medium and enzyme assay conditions for extracellular α-amylase production by the novel thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. AH1 were carried out in many different media containing a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources. Among various carbon and nitrogen sources, peptone (2054.1 U/mL) at 1% and maltose (1862.9 U/mL) at 0.5% increased α-amylase activity, compared to controls. Moreover, a high enzyme production was observed with potato starch at 0.5% and 1% (2668.4 U/mL and 3627 U/mL, respectively), as well as with 1% soluble starch (2051.9 U/mL). The enzyme activity was found to be rather high in the presence of CaCl

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Diversity analysis and metagenomic insights into the Antibiotic Resistance and Metal Resistances among Hot Spring Bacteriobiome-insinuating inherent environmental baseline levels of Antibiotic and Metal tolerance

10.1101/773788 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ishfaq Nabi Najar ◽

Mingma Thundu Sherpa ◽

Sayak Das ◽

Nagendra Thakur

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Hot Springs ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Thermophilic Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Culture Independent ◽

Maximum Similarity

AbstractMechanisms of occurrence and expressions of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in thermophilic bacteria are still unknown owing to limited research and data. The evolution and proliferation of ARGs in the thermophilic bacteria is unclear and needs a comprehensive study. In this research, comparative profiling of antibiotic resistance genes and metal tolerance genes among the thermophilic bacteria has been done by culture-independent functional metagenomic methods. Metagenomic analysis showed the dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in these hot springs. ARG analysis through shotgun gene sequencing was found to be negative in case of thermophilic bacteria. However, few of genes were detected but they were showing maximum similarity with mesophilic bacteria. Concurrently, metal resistance genes were also detected in the metagenome sequence of hot springs. Detection of metal resistance gene and absence of ARG’s investigated by whole genome sequencing, in the reference genome sequence of thermophilic Geobacillus also conveyed the same message. This evolutionary selection of metal resistance over antibiotic genes may have been necessary to survive in the geological craters which are full of different metals from earth sediments rather than antibiotics. Furthermore, the selection could be environment driven depending on the susceptibility of ARG’s in thermophilic environment as it reduces the chances of horizontal gene transfer. With these findings this article highlights many theories and culminates different scopes to study these aspects in thermophiles.

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Characterizing and Evaluating the Diverse Microbial Communities and Their Mercury Resistance Potential from Hot Spring Sites Representing Gradients in Temperature and pH in Yellowstone National Park

Aresty Rutgers Undergraduate Research Journal ◽

10.14713/arestyrurj.v1i1.137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yelizaveta Rassadkina ◽

Spencer Roth ◽

Tamar Barkay

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Yellowstone National Park ◽

National Park ◽

Hot Springs ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Thermophilic Bacteria ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Mercury Resistance ◽

Sample Site ◽

Microorganism Community

Yellowstone National Park is home to many different hot springs, lakes, geysers, pools, and basins that range in pH, chemical composition, and temperature. These different environmental variations provide a broad range of conditions that select and grow diverse communities of microorganisms. In this study, we collected samples from geochemically diverse lakes and springs to characterize the microbial communities present through 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis. This information was then used to observe how various microorganisms survive in high mercury environments. The results show the presence of microorganisms that have been studied in previous literature. The results also depict gradients of microorganisms including thermophilic bacteria and archaea that exist in these extreme environments. In addition, beta diversity analyses of the sequence data showed site clustering based primarily on temperature instead of pH or sample site, suggesting that while pH, temperature, and sample site were all shown to be significant, temperature is the strongest factor driving microorganism community development. While it is important to characterize the microorganism community present, it is also important to understand how this community functions as a result of its selection. Along with looking at community composition, genomic material was tested to see if it contained mercury methylating (hgcA) or mercury reducing (merA) genes. Out of 22 samples, three of them were observed to have merA genes, while no samples had hgcA genes. These results indicate that microorganisms in Mustard and Nymph Springs may use mercury reduction. Understanding how microorganisms survive in environments with high concentrations of toxic pollutants is crucial because it can be used as a model to better understand mechanisms of resistance and the biogeochemical cycle, as well as for bioremediation and other solutions to anthropogenic problems.

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