Preparation and evaluation of nonionic polyurethane polymers in improving the rheological properties and filtrate loss control of water base muds

Abstract A study was carried out to examine formation damage mechanisms caused by drilling fluids in tight reservoirs in several onshore oil fields in Abu Dhabi. Three phases of compatibility corefloods were carried out to identify potential to improve hydrocarbon recovery and examine reformulated/alternate drilling muds and treatment fluids. Interpretation was aided by novel Nano-CT quantifications and visualisations. The first phase examined the current drilling muds and showed inconsistent filtrate loss control alongside high levels of permeability alteration. These alterations were caused by retention of drilling mud constituents in the near-wellbore and incomplete clean-up of drilling mud-cakes. Based upon these results, reformulated and alternate drilling muds were examined in Phase 2, and there was a positive impact upon both filtrate loss and permeability, although the Nano-CT quantifications and visualisations showed that drilling mud constituents were still having an impact upon permeability. Candidate treatment fluids were examined in Phase 3, with all having a positive impact and the best performance coming from 15% HCl and an enzyme-based treatment. The interpretative tools showed that these treatments had removed drilling mud-cakes, created wormholes, and bypassed the areas where constituents were retained. The compatibility corefloods on tight reservoir core, alongside high-resolution quantifications and visualisations, therefore identified damaging mechanisms, helped identify potential to improve hydrocarbon recovery, and identify treatment fluid options which could be used in the fields.

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Analyzing Cement Rheological Properties Using Different Additive Schemes at High Pressure and High Temperature Conditions

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology ◽

10.22581/muet1982.2003.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 466-474

Author(s):

Khalil Rehman Memon ◽

Aftab Ahmed Mahesar ◽

Shahzad Ali Baladi ◽

Muhannad Talib Sukar

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

High Temperature ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Silica Fume ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Water Quantity ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Cement Slurry ◽

Three Samples ◽

Loss Control

The experimental study was conducted on rheological properties in laboratory to measure the integrity of cement slurry. Three samples were used and analyzed at different parameters to check the elasticity of cement slurry. Additives with various concentrations, i.e. silica fume % BWOC (Present by Weight on Cement) (15, 17, 19 and 21), dispersant % Wt (Percent Weight) (0.21, 0.26 and 0.31) and additional 1; % Wt of fluid losscontrol were used to improve the performance of the cement slurry at the temperature of 123oC. The results have shown that increase in the concentration of dispersants that have caused to decrease in the Plastic Viscosity (PV), Yield Point (YP) and GS (Gel Strength). The rheological properties of cement were improved with the addition of fluid loss control additive in 21 % BWOC (Present by Weight on Cement) silica fume increase the water quantity in cement slurry that improve its durability and to reduce the strength retrogression in High Temperature High Pressure (HTHP) environment. Results were achieved through HTHP OFITE Viscometer (Model 1100).

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Study on Preparation and Evaluation of Micro Zirconia Particles Used in Drilling Fluid

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.175 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 578 ◽

pp. 175-178

Author(s):

Xiao Chun Cao ◽

Yan Yu Li ◽

Dong Liang Yang ◽

Kun Ke

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Particle Image ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Micro Particles ◽

Before And After ◽

Preparation And Evaluation

This article explains how to prepare zirconia (ZrO2) mico particles and demonstrates how to evaluate the performance of drilling fluids containing ZrO2. Sheet ZrO2micro articles were prepared using hydrothermal synthesis method and were observed using particle image equipment. The performances of drilling fluids before and after various doses of ZrO2added were compared. The result shows that sheet ZrO2micro particles can adjust the rheological properties of drilling fluid.

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The application of MWCNT to enhance the rheological behavior of drilling fluids at high temperature

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v12n3.423 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abdul Razak Ismail ◽

W. R. W Sulaiman ◽

M. Z. Jaafar ◽

A. Aftab ◽

A. A. Razi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Rheological Behavior ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Drilling Fluids ◽

Deep Wells ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽

Filtrate Loss

Drilling fluid is the key component to drill oil and gas wells. The rheological behavior of drilling fluid will be affected when drilling deep wells especially at high temperature and high pressure reservoir. This research was conducted to study the effect of the nanoparticles over the rheological properties of the drilling fluid when aging at high temperature condition. Several drilling fluids were prepared using synthetic based fluids (Sarapar and Saraline) to study the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) at different concentrations. The rheological properties of drilling fluid were analyzed after aging at 250 °F and 350 °F for 16 hours. The results revealed that the addition of MWCNT improved the 10-sec gel strength by 33% and filtrate loss volume was reduced to 10% after aging at 250°F in Saraline drilling fluid. Moreover, the plastic viscosity of Saraline and Sarapar drilling fluid after addition of MWCNT was enhanced by 6% and 27% at 350 °F. Filtrate loss volume of Sarapar drilling fluid was reduced by 19 % after aging at 250 °F for 16 hours. The overall results showed that the addition of MWCNT into the drilling fluid have slightly improved the rheological properties of drilling fluids under high temperature conditions.

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Improvement of Locally Available Raw Bentonite for Use as Drilling Mud

The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874836801711010274 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 274-284

Author(s):

Kaffayatullah Khan ◽

Shaukat Ali Khan ◽

Muhammad Umair Saleem ◽

Muhammad Ashraf

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Yield Point ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Plastic Viscosity ◽

Drilling Process ◽

Drilling Operation ◽

Bentonite Clays ◽

Filtrate Loss

Background: Bentonite clays are widely used in a drilling operation and play a vital role as a drilling fluid. Bentonite clay mud performs several functions during the drilling operation and facilitates the drilling process. Objective: In this study, the locally available raw bentonite clays were investigated to evaluate its potential use as a mud for borehole drilling operation after its improvement with the additives. Method: Rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength were evaluated by using a viscometer and filtrate loss test was performed by using filter press on both locally available raw bentonite clays and the commercial bentonite named as Mill gel. Results: From the test results obtained for the up gradation of clays with the different beneficiating materials, the drastic increase in the plastic viscosity, yield point and gel strength has been observed. It shows that Xanthum gum produced better results for the improvement of rheological properties of such clays. Carboxymethyl cellulose and starch were used as additives and it has been observed that carboxymethyl cellulose has improved both viscosity and filtrate loss control, whereas starch muds have the best filtration control properties. Conclusion: Improved bentonite clays have rheological and filtration characteristics that have satisfied American Petroleum Institute specification at optimum conditions of clay. It was concluded that improved clays are the suitable material for the drilling operations and suitable to substitute commercial bentonite.

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Improving the Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud with Moringa oleifera Leaves

Chemical Science International Journal ◽

10.9734/csji/2019/v28i430144 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Tecla C. Biwott ◽

Onyewuchi Akaranta ◽

Ambrose K. Kiprop ◽

Oriji Boniface

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Drilling Mud ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Water Based ◽

Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽

Loss Control

This paper aimed at improving the water-based drilling mud using Moringa oleifera (M. Oleifera) plant leaves. The rheological properties (plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and gel strength) of the mud were measured using standard procedures. The mud weight was not affected by M. oleifera concentration (10.03-10.63 pounds per gallon (ppg)). pH of the formulated mud decreased by 28% with increasing concentration of the M. oleifera leaves. The highest PV (33cP) was recorded by mud with 1% M. oleifera leaves at 50ºC while the least value (22cP) was given by control mud at 70ºC temperature. Highest YP (57 1b/100ft2) was recorded by mud sample with 4% concentration of M. oleifera leaves while 1% gave the lowest YP value of 91b/100ft2 at 30ºC and 49ºC respectively. Gel strength at 10 seconds showed improvement with 2% concentration of leaves by recording maximum of 5 1 b/100 ft2 at 70ºC while the lowest gel strength was recorded by 1% leaves concentration at 49ºC. A good gel strength (30.21 b/100 ft2) at 10 minutes was recorded by mud sample with 3% leaves of M. oleifera at temperature of 30ºC. The results indicated that the M. oleifera leaves significantly improved the rheological properties of the mud. It was also observed that the mud weight of formulated muds with M. oleifera leaves were not affected which leads to stability of the wellbore if the formulation is used. These great result calls for the need to use M. oleifera leaves to improve rheological properties of the drilling mud. An investigation of M. oleifera as fluid loss control should be done as well as need to carry out isolation and characterization of the active ingredients from M. oleifera leaves so as to establish the compound (s) associated with its activity in drilling mud.

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Studying the Effects of Different Polymers on Rheological Properties of Water Base Muds

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.31026/j.eng.2018.12.02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 12-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amel Habeeb Assi ◽

Ramzi Riyadh Khazeem ◽

Ahmed Salah Salem ◽

Alaa Tahseen Ali

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Yield Point ◽

Xanthan Gum ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Plastic Viscosity ◽

Filtration Loss ◽

Different Types ◽

Water Base

This research is focusing on finding more effective polymers that leads to enhance the rheological properties of Water Base Muds. The experiments are done for different types of mud for all substances which are Polyacrylamide, Xanthan gum, CMC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose). This study shows the effect of add polymer to red bentonite mud, effect of add polymer to Iraqi bentonite mud, the effect of add bentonite to polymer mud. The mud properties of Iraqi bentonite blank are enhanced after adding the polymers to the blank mix, CMC gives the highest value of plastic viscosity and Gel strength than others; X-anthan gives the highest value of yield point and gel strength than others. For the red bentonite mud, Polyacrylamide has the highest shear stress and yield point than the others polymers, but Xanthan has the highest effect on plastic viscosity than other polymers. All polymers reduce filtration loss. The polymer solution mud failed to suspend the barite so we cannot use it as drilling fluid even so this mud has good Rheological properties (PV and YP). The maximum amount of each polymer is founded for the studied clay types.

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Evaluation of Pleurotus as Fluid Loss Control Agent in Synthetic Base Mud for Oil and Gas Drilling Operations

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.52.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 30-39

Author(s):

Chinwuba Kevin Igwilo ◽

Nnaemeka Uwaezuoke ◽

Emeka Emmanuel Okoro ◽

Veronica Chika Nwachukwu ◽

Nnanna Okoli

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Filter Cake ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Control Sample ◽

Control Agent ◽

Filter Press ◽

Fluid Loss ◽

Electrical Stability ◽

Gas Drilling ◽

Loss Control

Pleurotus as a fluid loss control additive in synthetic based mud for oil and gas operations was conducted in the laboratory in accordance with API standards using high temperature-high pressure filter press. The effectiveness and compatibility of Pleurotus to synthetic based mud was also evaluated. Its rheological properties were also carried out. Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate was used as a control sample. Synthetic base mud was formulated and the concentrations of 2ppb, 4ppb, 6ppb and 8ppb of Pleurotus were used in four mud formulations with the same materials and in equal concentrations. 4.6ml, 4.0ml, 3.5ml and 3.1ml of fluid loss volumes were obtained respectively. 1mm thick filter cake, with increase in electrical stability was observed. From the laboratory measurement, the optimum effective concentration of Pleurotus to be applied as a fluid loss control agent for fresh non-aqueous mud for field operation is 2ppb which gave the fluid loss volume less than 5ml. The result was compared with the field standard of less than or equal to 5ml fluid loss volume. These results were comparable with control sample and field standard. Also, the thin impermeable filter cake obtained reflects one of the qualities of a good fluid loss control agent. It also showed that Pleurotus contribute very minimal effect on the rheological properties of the synthetic base mud. Improved electrical stability which is the function of emulsion stability confirmed the compatibility property of Pleurotus as fluid loss control additive in the synthetic based mud. The volume of the filtrate improved in geometric progression with the concentrations of the additive applied which summarizes the characteristics of a good fluid loss control agent.

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