Evaluation of Pleurotus as Fluid Loss Control Agent in Synthetic Base Mud for Oil and Gas Drilling Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Chinwuba Kevin Igwilo ◽  
Nnaemeka Uwaezuoke ◽  
Emeka Emmanuel Okoro ◽  
Veronica Chika Nwachukwu ◽  
Nnanna Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Electrical Stability ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Loss Control

Pleurotus as a fluid loss control additive in synthetic based mud for oil and gas operations was conducted in the laboratory in accordance with API standards using high temperature-high pressure filter press. The effectiveness and compatibility of Pleurotus to synthetic based mud was also evaluated. Its rheological properties were also carried out. Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate was used as a control sample. Synthetic base mud was formulated and the concentrations of 2ppb, 4ppb, 6ppb and 8ppb of Pleurotus were used in four mud formulations with the same materials and in equal concentrations. 4.6ml, 4.0ml, 3.5ml and 3.1ml of fluid loss volumes were obtained respectively. 1mm thick filter cake, with increase in electrical stability was observed. From the laboratory measurement, the optimum effective concentration of Pleurotus to be applied as a fluid loss control agent for fresh non-aqueous mud for field operation is 2ppb which gave the fluid loss volume less than 5ml. The result was compared with the field standard of less than or equal to 5ml fluid loss volume. These results were comparable with control sample and field standard. Also, the thin impermeable filter cake obtained reflects one of the qualities of a good fluid loss control agent. It also showed that Pleurotus contribute very minimal effect on the rheological properties of the synthetic base mud. Improved electrical stability which is the function of emulsion stability confirmed the compatibility property of Pleurotus as fluid loss control additive in the synthetic based mud. The volume of the filtrate improved in geometric progression with the concentrations of the additive applied which summarizes the characteristics of a good fluid loss control agent.

Incorporation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Drilling Fluid Additives for Improved Drilling Operations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zisis Vryzas ◽  
Omar Mahmoud ◽  
Hisham Nasr-El-Din ◽  
Vassilis Zaspalis ◽  
Vassilios C. Kelessidis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Custom Made

A successful drilling operation requires an effective drilling fluid system. Due to the variety of downhole conditions across the globe, the fluid system should be designed to meet complex challenges such as High-Pressure/High-Temperature (HPHT) environments, while promoting better productivity with a minimum interference for completion operations. This study aims to improve the rheological and fluid loss properties of water-bentonite suspensions by using both commercial (C-NP) and custom-made (CM-NP) iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NP) as drilling fluid additives. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 NP were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Both types of nanoparticles were characterized by a High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Base fluid (BF), made of deionized water and bentonite at 7wt%, was prepared according to American Petroleum Institute (API) procedures and nanoparticles were added at 0.5wt%. A Couette-type viscometer was used to analyze the rheological characteristics of these fluids at different shear rates and various temperatures (up to 158°F). The rheological parameters were obtained from analysis of viscometric data using non-linear regression. The API Low-Pressure/Low-Temperature (LPLT) and HPHT fluid filtrate volumes were measured, using a standard API LPLT static filter press (100 psi, 77°F) and an API HPHT filter press (300 psi, 250°F). Observation of the porous matrix morphology of the produced filter cakes was done with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). TEM showed that the mean diameter of the CM-NP was 7–8 nm, with measured surface areas between 100–250 m2/g. The C-NP had an average diameter of <50 nm, as per manufacturer specifications. The XRD of the CM-NP revealed peaks corresponding to pure crystallites of magnetite (Fe3O4) with no impurities. Rheological analysis showed very good fitting by the Herschel-Bulkley model with coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.99. Rheological properties of all samples were affected by higher temperatures, with increase in yield stress, decrease in flow consistency index (K) and slight increase in flow behavior index (n). Fluid filtration results indicated a decrease in the LPLT fluid loss and an increase in the filter cake thickness compared to the BF upon addition of higher concentrations of C-NP, because of a decrease in filter cake permeability. At HPHT conditions, samples with 0.5wt% C-NP had a smaller fluid loss by 34.3%, compared to 11.9% at LPLT conditions. CM-NP exhibited even higher reduction in the fluid loss at HPHT conditions of 40%. Such drilling fluids can solve difficult drilling problems and aid in achieving the reservoir’s highest potential by eliminating the use of aggressive, potentially damaging chemicals. Exploitation of the synergistic interaction of the utilized components can produce a water-based system with excellent fluid loss characteristics while maintaining optimal rheological properties.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of Mucuna solannie as an alternative fluid loss control material in synthetic drilling fluid design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Igwilo ◽  
N. Uwaezuoke ◽  
Raymond K. Onyekwere ◽  
Vivian C. Amaefule ◽  
Abimbola A. Durogbitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Fluid Design ◽  
Loss Control

AbstractIn recent years, research using biomaterials in drilling fluid design has thrown light on their biodegradability, availability and low cost. Apart from these, they have in some cases shown properties superior to those of synthetic materials. This research assessed Mucuna solannie as a fluid loss control agent, looking at its fluid loss, filter cake quality, rheology and comparing them with those of Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate, a commonly used drilling mud additive. It assessed the additives at varying concentrations of 2 ppb, 4 ppb, 6 ppb and 8 ppb. The results obtained were filtrate volumes of 5.5 against 4.8 at 2 ppb, 5.0 against 4.5 at 4 ppb, 4.5 against 4.2 at 6 ppb, and 4.1 against 3.8 at 8 ppb, all at 30 min. Field standard value is 5.0 ml fluid loss. Filter cake thickness was1mm for all concentrations of Mucuna solannie. On rheology, plastic viscosity, yield point and yield stress were 27cP against 28cP, 19Ib/100ft2 against 19Ib/100ft2, and 5Ib/100ft2 against 6Ib/100ft2, showing slight difference in their rheological properties.

Synthesis and performance of a self crosslinkable acrylate copolymer with high compatibility for an oil well cement modifier

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-413
Author(s):  
Xianru He ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Chunhui Feng ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Hailong Hou
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Oil Well Cement ◽  
Well Cement ◽  
Loss Control

Abstract High performance cement slurry polymer modifiers are increasingly in demand in the cementing process of oil and gas. A new polymer modifier with outstanding fluid loss control and high strength and toughness was synthesized by the main monomers butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylamide (AM), the functional monomers vinyltriethoxysilane (VTS), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and the initiator of ammonium persulfate (APS) through emulsion polymerization. By using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, a laser particle analyzer, a scanning electron microscope and a differential scanning calorimeter, we studied the mechanism of fluid loss control and microstructure of polymer latex cement slurries. The experimental results showed that the copolymer could be crosslinked at 160°C and have the lowest fluid loss control, 12 ml, when the polymer content reached 5%. Acrylate latex modified by the silane coupling agent VTS had excellent performance on fluid loss control, as well as mechanical properties for oil well cement. These results have a potential significant value for the development of a new polymer cement modifier with high thermal stability and durability.

Utilizing Food Waste Product (Date Tree Seeds) to Enhance the Filtration Characteristics in Water-Based Drilling Fluid System: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abo Taleb T. Al-Hameedi ◽  
Husam H. Alkinani ◽  
Mohammed M. Alkhamis ◽  
Shari Dunn-Norman
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Practically, to regulate filtration characteristics of drilling fluid, non-biodegradable materials used commonly have a high cost with side effects on personnel safety and the environment. Hence, eco-friendly additives are needed as an alternative to replace or at least support the commonly used filtration control agents. This experimental investigation examines the possibility of using date tree seeds’ powder (DTSP), as a new eco-friendly fluid loss agent. Under surface and sub-surface conditions (fresh and aged conditions), experiments were executed utilizing low-temperature and low-pressure (LTLP) and high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) American Petroleum Institute (API) filter press to comprehend the influence of DTSP on the seepage loss characteristics. The findings were compared with a commonly utilized chemical additive to regulate filtration characteristics of drilling fluid (low viscosity sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-LV)). Two concentrations of DTSP and CMC-LV were added separately to a reference fluid (RF) to understand the effect of concentration variations on filtration properties. The findings revealed that both DTSP and CMC-LV significantly improved the filtrate and the filter cake when comparing them with the RF under fresh and aged conditions. The findings for fresh conditions also showed that LTLP filtration measurements for CMC-LV additives had almost similar performance as DTSP additives, while HTHP filtration measurements exhibited that the two concentrations of DTSP additives were marginally better than those of CMC-LV additives. For aged conditions, CMC-LV additives were relatively more efficient than DTSP additives for LTLP filtration control experiments. However, DTSP additives were more efficient in improving the filtration characteristics as compared to CMC-LV additives for HTHP filtration control experiments. These results are in aid of shifting the oil and gas industry from using conventional harmful additives to using unconventional eco-friendly additives. This also helps in transforming unwanted food wastes into valuable commercial products, which can revolutionize the domestic and international industries and create new job opportunities, hence minimizing the total cost of drilling fluid and the wastes disposed to the environment.

Proposing a new biodegradable thinner and fluid loss control agent for water-based drilling fluid applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 3621-3632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Al-Hameedi ◽  
H. H. Alkinani ◽  
S. Dunn-Norman ◽  
M. M. Alkhamis ◽  
M. A. Al-Alwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Loss Control

scholarly journals Analyzing Cement Rheological Properties Using Different Additive Schemes at High Pressure and High Temperature Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-474
Author(s):  
Khalil Rehman Memon ◽  
Aftab Ahmed Mahesar ◽  
Shahzad Ali Baladi ◽  
Muhannad Talib Sukar
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Loss Control

The experimental study was conducted on rheological properties in laboratory to measure the integrity of cement slurry. Three samples were used and analyzed at different parameters to check the elasticity of cement slurry. Additives with various concentrations, i.e. silica fume % BWOC (Present by Weight on Cement) (15, 17, 19 and 21), dispersant % Wt (Percent Weight) (0.21, 0.26 and 0.31) and additional 1; % Wt of fluid losscontrol were used to improve the performance of the cement slurry at the temperature of 123oC. The results have shown that increase in the concentration of dispersants that have caused to decrease in the Plastic Viscosity (PV), Yield Point (YP) and GS (Gel Strength). The rheological properties of cement were improved with the addition of fluid loss control additive in 21 % BWOC (Present by Weight on Cement) silica fume increase the water quantity in cement slurry that improve its durability and to reduce the strength retrogression in High Temperature High Pressure (HTHP) environment. Results were achieved through HTHP OFITE Viscometer (Model 1100).

scholarly journals Evaluation of environment friendly micro-ionized litchi leaves powder (LLP) as a fluid loss control agent in water-based drilling fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1715-1726
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Munmun Bhattacharya ◽  
Ashok Raina ◽  
Man Mohan Gusain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Loss Control

AbstractThis work investigates the efficacy of a biodegradable natural product, litchi leaves powder (LLP) as a filtration loss control agent in the water-based drilling fluid formulations. In order to evaluate the potential of litchi leaves powder (LLP), a strict protocol of experimentations according to API (American Petroleum Institute) standard has been followed. The experimental outcome showed that before hot rolling and after hot rolling of mud samples at 100 °C it was observed that 3–5% Concentration of LLP significantly increased the rheological parameters such as PV, YP and gelation of drilling fluid as compared to reference mud. Also, LLP reformed the filtration loss control characterization, suggesting a better biodegradable fluid loss reducing agent. After hot rolling at 100 °C for 18 h, the water-based drilling fluid with LLP as an additive showed a marked reduction in filtration control property as compared to reference Mud (RM). Experimental results concluded that 5% concentration of LLP significantly reduced the filtration loss of drilling fluid by 70.6% as compared to reference mud under the influence of 100 psi pressure. However, the conventional fluid loss additive CMC (LVG) reduced the filtration loss by maximum 67.5% as compared to reference mud. Therefore, LLP can be used as an alternative to CMC (LVG) in water-based drilling fluid with a maximum subsurface temperature of 100 °C.

Degrading Drilling Fluid Filter Cake Using Effective Microorganisms

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Issham Ismail ◽  
Rosli Illias ◽  
Amy Shareena Abd. Mubin ◽  
Masseera Machitin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Cleaning Solution ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant ◽  
Filter Cakes

The effective cleanup of filter cakes in long, horizontal open-hole completions can maximize an oil well’s productivity. A cleaning solution was formulated which comprised effective microorganisms and a viscoelastic surfactant in order to degrade filter cakes of water-based mud. Generally, the effectiveness of the microorganisms in degrading filter cakes is influenced by temperature and its concentration. To overcome the problem, the viscoelastic surfactant has been used to extend the application of temperature range and increase the viscosity of the cleaning solution. Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effectiveness of the microorganisms in degrading filter cakes. The apparent viscosity of cleaning solution was measured as a function of shear rate (102.2 s and 1022 s ) and temperature (25 to 80°C). The surface tension of the cleaning solution was measured at room temperature. Static fluid loss tests were performed using the HPHT Filter Press in order to determine the effectiveness of the cleaning solution in degrading filter cake at different temperatures ranging from 100°F to 300°F. Experimental results showed that the cleaning solution could effectively degrade the filter cake. Soaking process was performed until 48 hours and it showed that at temperature 200°F and below, the pure effective microorganisms achieved the highest efficiency of filter cake degradation, i.e. 34.9%. However, at temperature 300°F, cleaning solution that contained effective microorganisms and higher concentration of viscoelastic surfactant was found to perform better. The viscoelastic surfactant succeeded in increasing the viscosity of the cleaning solution, thus enhanced the rate of degradation of filter cakes, i.e. 33.4% at 300°F. The surface tension of the cleaning solution did not change significantly at various concentrations at room temperature.

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